BSC 1005 Test 3 – Flashcards
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Biogeography
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Dealing with the geographical distribution of animals and plants
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Darwin Sailed on a ship named?
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HMS Beagle
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Darwin Observation were?
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Life Show rich diversity There are similarities in life that allow classification of organisms Organisms display many striking way in which they are suited for their environments
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Who is Charles Lyell
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The Father of Modern Geology
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What did Charles Lyell Propose
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Gradualism" or Uniformitarianism
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Why is Lyell proposal important to Darwin developing theory
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Lyell theory give Darwin's theory the TIME it needs to work, the earth is older
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What is Darwin initial interpretation
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Darwin realized that in any population (for example, finches), some individuals have traits that make them better suited to the environment than others, and therefore more likely to survive and reproduce
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Define fitness
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The degree of adaptation to an environment
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What is Darwin's idea of Adaptation?
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A Physical or Behavior Change that in some way help the organism survive (food/water/shelter)
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Define "Adaptation"
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A Physical or Behavior Change that in some way help the organism survive (food/water/shelter)
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What is Darwin's "dangerous" theory?
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adaptations occur by 'Transmutation' Altering one species into another over time
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Descent occurs with ______________.
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modification
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Descent with modification refers to
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the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring.
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Define Natural Selection
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A natural process that favors (selects) certain genotypes over others
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Darwin based his theory of natural selection on two key observations. What are they
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All species tend to produce excessive numbers of offspring. Organisms vary, and much of this variation is heritable
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Give 3 examples of natural selection from the lecture
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pesticide-resistant insects, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and drug-resistant strains of HIV
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Why does natural selection occur
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1.Individuals within a population vary; they are not all identical. 2.Some variants are better than others. 3.The traits that vary are heritable. 4.The better individuals will have more success reproducing; they will have more offspring. In successive generations, more offspring will have the better traits
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How does Natural Selection explain Adaptation
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There is always struggle on the individuals within a population for limited resources This produces 'pressure' on the individuals so that only some offspring survive Survival depends on the genotype (inheritable traits) that allow the organism to live longer and/or reproduce more This can/will lead to gradual changes in a population as certain traits (genotypes) get 'selected for' or against
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Define Evolution
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Is change over time in heritable characteristics or 'Descent with Modification
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution States that ______________ produces Adaptation and this produces _________________Change
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Natural selectio, Evolutionary
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What are the 3 general outcomes of natural selection
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Over production and competition, individual variation and unequal reproductive sucecess
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Be able to define species
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A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another in nature to produce fertile offspring
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Define allopatric speciation
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this is due to geographic isolation
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Define sympatric speciation
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this occurs without geographic isolation.
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Continents are not locked in place
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they drift
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How do continental drift occurs
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on plates of crust floating on a flexible layer of hot, underlying material called the mantle.
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What pangaea is
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supercontinent
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What taxonomy is an why it is important
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Identification, naming, and classification of species making it easier to recognize the discovery of a new species
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Who Carolus Linnaeus is
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proposed the current taxonomic system
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What are the parts of Binomial nomenclature (Genus species)
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The Genus and name unique name of each species
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Taxonomy hierarchy
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Domain is largest (most inclusive), Kingdom is next largest, Species is smallest (least inclusive
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Ecology is the study of ______.
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interactions between organisms and their environments
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Which of the following is abiotic?
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a rock
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If you study how two species of finches compete for food, you are trying to answer a question about _______.
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community ecology
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What level of ecology is concerned with the adaptations of individuals?
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organismal
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What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of the same species?
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population
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What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species?
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community
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What is a population?
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a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular geographic area
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What level of ecology is concerned with both the biotic and abiotic aspects of an environment?
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ecosystem
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The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is primarily due to ______.
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) CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth
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The effect of deforestation has been to ______.
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increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
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Which of the following is not a result of global warming?
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decreasing sea levels.
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Which of the following actions would increase your carbon footprint?
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eating more beef and less chicken
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In most developing countries ______.
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birth rates are much higher than death rates, so the population is growing rapidly
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Grasslands
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________Biome where grasses and other low-growing plants are adapted to warm summers, cold winters, periodic fires, and grazing animals.
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Taiga (boreal forest)
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__________Extensive northern biome dominated by conifers. This biome is marked by cold, dry season alternates with a cool, rainy season
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Temperate deciduous forest
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________Biome dominated by trees that drop all their leaves and go dormant during a cold winter.
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Chaparral
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________Biome where cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers support shrubs adapted to periodic fires
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Tropical rain forest
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________Species-rich tropical biome in which continual warmth and rainfall allows dominant broadleaf trees to grow all year.
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Tundra
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. ________Youngest, most northerly biome, dominated by low plants adapted to a short growing season and a layer of permanently frozen soil (permafrost).
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Desert
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. ________Biome where little rain falls, humidity is low, and the main plants store water in their tissues or tap into water sources deep underground.
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Biosphere
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All portions of the Earth where life exists are known as the ____sphere.
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Terrestrial
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Average weather conditions in a region over a long time period are known as ________________.
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Sunlight
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Variations in climate depend largely on differences in amount of __________________ reaching different parts of the Earth.
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sun
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The closer a region is to the equator, the more ___________ energy it receives.
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Terrestrial biomes
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Type of ecosystem that can be characterized by its climate and dominant vegetation is called a
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Land Stripping
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The removal of all trees from a large tract of land is called ___________________.
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Carbon Dioxide and certain other gases
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Global climate patterns are changing because of rising concentration in the atmosphere of - __________________ - certain other ________
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Freshwater
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The impact of human activities on _______________ ecosystems may pose an even greater threat to life on Earth, including ourselves, than the damage to terrestrial ecosystems.
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Be able to define: greenhouse gases
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include CO2, water vapor, and methane, are transparent to solar radiation, absorb or reflect heat
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Be able to define: Green house effect
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Greenhouse gases contribute to increases in global temperatures in what is often called the
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Tissues
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In animals like humans, cells come together to form _________.
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Organs
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Tissues come together to form _________.
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Organ Systems
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Organs come together to form ________ ______________.
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Organism
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Organ Systems come together to form the ______________.
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Cellular level:Muscle cell Tissue level:Cardiac muscle Organ level:Heart Organ system level:Circulatory system Organism level:Multiple rgansystemsfunctioningtogether
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Put the following in order from smallest to largest
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Cell
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The _________ is the basic unit of all living organisms and the smallest living unit in humans
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Tissue
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A _______________ is an integrated group of similar cells that performs a specific function
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be bathed in fluid have access to resources from the outside environment. Be able to communicate with other cells
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Every cell must - be bathed in ____________ - have access to _________________________________________ - be able to ___________________ with other cells
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Lungs
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What organ allows human cells to exchange O2 and CO2 with the environment?
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Digetive Respiratory urinary
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List 3 organ systems that allow human cells to exchange materials with the environment
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What is Homeostasis
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is the body's ability to stay relatively unchanged even when the world around it changes
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Define Negative Feedback
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Negative feedback results in a response that is opposite to the stimulus
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Define Positive Feedback
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Positive Feedback produces a response that reinforces the stimulus. It makes the stimulus greater
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What is the Set Point for human blood Glucose levels
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70 and 110 mg/dL
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What is the Set Point for human internal Temperature?
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98-98.6°F)
