question

_________such as cryptosporidium, giardia, and fecal coliform bacteria are found in human and animal waste

answer

Microorganisms

question

___________including chlorine, bromate, and chlorite are caused by human activities and emissions from industrial facilities

answer

disinfectants

question

_________such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury (some, such as arsenic, occur naturally in geologic deposits)

answer

inorganic chemicals

question

_________such as benzene, dioxin, and vinyl chloride, fertilizers, pesticides. By industrial facilities,mining, agricultural activities

answer

Organic chemicals

question

________including uranium and radium (many occur naturally geologic deposits)

answer

Radionuclides

question

_______ (soil particles) in rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. from erosion, excavation, or construction

answer

Sedimentation

question

___________ that are relatively insoluble in water and _____ dense than water are referred to as non-aqueous phased liquids (NAPLs)

answer

Organic liquids; less

question

float on water

answer

gasoline and diesel fuels

question

Chlorinated hydrocarbons and carbon tetrachloride are ______ than water and will sink

answer

denser

question

The more permeable the aquifer, the _______ groundwater moves through and the quicker contaminants get dispersed through the subsurface.

answer

faster

question

__________ may come out of solution by adhering to soil particles as the plume moves through the soil on its way to the water table.

answer

Contaminants

question

Adherence may be greater in ___________ and clay rich soils due to the chemical reactivity and because they provide a large surface are

answer

high organic material

question

Adherence to the soil particles, a process known as ________

answer

adsorption

question

An identifiable and confined discharge point for one or more water pollutants, such as a pipe, channel, vessel, or ditch.

answer

Point Source Pollution

question

involves pollution that cannot be traced to a single source. It is a diffuse, unconfined discharge of water from the land to a receiving body of water.

answer

non-point

question

The following approach is the reduce which kind of pollution? * reduce fertilizer and pesticide runoff by limiting broad application of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizer * better managing livestock feedlots * reforest watersheds * improve urban stormwater management systems * regulate land uses * restoring wetlands to help absorb and filter runoff

answer

Non-point

question

___perform water purification. Examples: - Microbes (bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa) break down nutrients and some organic contaminants. - Vegetation slows inflowing water, which causes sediments and other particles to settle out and sink to the bottom. They prevent floods and erosion. - Plants also act as a "sponge" by taking up some nutrients, trace metals, and other compounds. In so doing they improve water quality. - Wetland soils provide reactive surfaces for biogeochemical reactions and habitat for microbes. - Wetland soils provide a habitat for wildlife

answer

Wetlands

question

_____ with more wetlands tend to have . . . lower concentrations of chloride, lead, inorganic nitrogen, suspended solids, and total and dissolved phosphorus than basins with fewer wetlands.

answer

basins

question

_________ are coastal waters where seawater is measurably diluted with freshwater; also identified as a marine ecosystem where freshwater enters the ocean, mixing salt and fresh water.

answer

Estuaries

question

Pollution what causes these effects? - kills fish, seabirds, and marine mammals - damages aquatic ecosystems - causes outbreaks of human illness - causes considerable economic damage by affecting tourism and fishing.

answer

estuaries

question

Fertilizer use and fossil fuel combustion, have added much _______ to the the global environment such that plankton bloom has become more frequent

answer

nitrogen

question

cholera, typhoid, and dysentery

answer

Water borne diseases

question

skin and eye infections, are caused by lack of clean water for washing by what kind of disease?

answer

water washed

question

What kind of diseases are schistosomiasis,who spread by organisms that develop in water and then become human parasites. They are spread by contaminated water and by eating insufficiently cooked fish

answer

water based diseases

question

mosquitoes, breed in or near water and spread diseases, including dengue and malaria. This category is not directly related to water supply or quality.

answer

Water-related insect vectors

question

It's initial focus was on point source pollution regulating emission and discharge by requiring permits when controlled pollutants are discharged into "navigable waters".

answer

The Clean Water Act

question

Water pollution from point sources have been considerably reduced in the United States as a result of the CWA regulations

answer

True

question

the maximum levels of specific pollutants allowed into impaired bodies from all point and nonpoint sources

answer

Total Maximum Daily Load

question

regulate the contaminants in public water supplies.

answer

the safe drinking water act

question

The 1982 convention outlines each country's rights and responsibilities within its territorial boundaries and in international waters for issues including pollution control, scientific research, resource management, and seabed mining.

answer

law of seas

question

______ (EEZ) are areas extending 200 miles outward from shore (the 200 mile limit). coastal states have the jurisdiction to the protect marine environment in their EEZ.

answer

exclusive economic zones

question

Activities that are protected include coastal development, overfishing, offshore drilling, and pollution from ships

answer

Exclusive Economic Zones

question

- Understand our relationship with the biosphere and our effect on it - value nature's life sustaining services - Realize "everything is connected" & "everything is not as it seems" - Implement systems analysis - think across disciplines in solving problems - Turn to nature for solutions - Choose solutions that are best in the long run - Minimize use of resources by eliminating over-consumption & waste

answer

principals of sustainability

question

Hypoxia refers to

answer

low oxygen levels

question

a partly enclosed body of water often formed at river mouths can be found in coastal bays has a salinity intermediate between saltwater and freshwater

answer

Estuary

question

Sedimentation is a pollutant primarily because it

answer

clouds water

question

prevent floods and erosion acts as a sponge slows inflowing water increases sedimentation

answer

wetlands

question

The initial focus of the _______________ was on point source pollution regulating emission and discharge by requiring permits when controlled pollutants are discharged into "navigable waters.

answer

The Clean Water Act

question

The law that regulates public water quality is known as the

answer

The Clean Water Act (CWA)

question

The most common non-point source of pollution is

answer

agricultural runoff

question

Thyphoid and dysentery are examples of _______________.

answer

water borne diseases

question

Learning how water-related diseases spread and how the infectious organism behaves is the focus of

answer

the world health organization

question

Native plants have adaptations to make them naturally resistant to pests.

answer

true

question

What action causes these effects, making it a bad long-term solution for controlling pests? It encourages the creation of pesticide-resistant insect populations It harms predator insects that provide natural insect control It releases poisons into the environment that harm wildlife and people

answer

pesticides

question

Consuming less energy through efficiency and conservation will enhance the quality of life of future generations. Using less or no pesticides can be a more effective insect control while keeping toxins out of the environment. Food with less processing (fresh vegetables as opposed to canned) is more nutritious and uses less energy and resources to produce.

answer

less is more

question

Eutrophication is related to

answer

nutrient overload

question

What is a reason spraying insecticides reduces biodiversity?

answer

bioaccumulates

question

Fair trade coffee addresses which of the "3 P's" of sustainability?

answer

people

question

waste that enters a body of water and feeds the growth of the microbes that are decomposes

answer

oxygen-demanding

question

undergoes decomposition/crates demand for oxygen nutrients make water fertile disease causing organism

answer

waste water

question

Echinoderms, sponges, and coral polyps are

answer

live bottom fauna

question

Which zone has high productivity for all of upwelling, estuary transport, tidal current and phytoplankton?

answer

Neritic

question

The Florida reefs started growing about ______ yrs. B.P.

answer

5000 to 7000

question

Reefs that grow parallel to the shoreline are called _____ reefs.

answer

Barrier

question

Which of the following is considered a soft coral?

answer

Sea Fan

question

Types of reef formation are:

answer

patch, atoll, barrier, fringe

question

Coral reefs form primarily in the ___________ zone of the ocean.

answer

euphotic

question

the 2 main abiotic factors affecting coral reef formation are:

answer

temperature and light

question

Because corals are living organisms, they are susceptible to diseases and are damaged by pollution.

answer

true

question

The coral polyp is a soft bodied algae.

answer

false

question

Reef building corals require warm, deep, polluted, clear water in order to survive.

answer

false

question

The decomposers of the ocean are found primarily in the

answer

benthos

question

Estuaries and coral reefs are usually found in the Neritic province.

answer

true

question

Coral reefs grow only in shallow, warm, clear waters.

answer

false

question

it form along a coastline. They grow on the continental shelf in shallow water.

answer

fringing reef

question

The zone where most photosynthesis in the open sea occurs

answer

epipelagic

question

the result of all of the following: wind mixing of warm water with cold water, Correct Response cloud formations, temperature and salinity

answer

ocean currents

question

are circular or spiral ocean currents centered around 25° to 30° north and south latitudes rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere driven by easterly winds at low latitudes and westerly winds at high latitudes.

answer

gyres

question

The gently sloping shallow submerged surface surrounding a continent and extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is termed

answer

continental shelf

question

offshore winds are more likely responsible for which of the following?

answer

Upwelling

question

Deep-ocean trenches are associated with:

answer

active tectonic plate margins

question

Which portion of the continental margin is steepest?

answer

continental slope

question

the three broad subdivisions of the ocean floor?

answer

ocean basin floor, continental margin, oceanic ridge

question

The ________ system is a broad, rugged, elevated feature on the ocean floor that forms a continuous belt that winds around the globe.

answer

mid-ocean ridge

question

Estuaries form when sea level ________.

answer

rises

question

Cyclone is another name for __________.

answer

low pressure zones

question

Which of the following is true of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)?

answer

It is the biggest water mass in the oceans.

question

The energy that drives surface ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream (and Florida Current, and North Atlantic Current) comes from

answer

prevailing winds

question

Which of the following increases the oceans effectiveness as a carbon sink?

answer

light and nutrients

question

The producers in the ocean food chain are

answer

phytoplankton

question

The continental margin is comprised of the continental shelf, slope and ___.

answer

rise

question

The continental shelf is identified as the continental land mass submerged under the ocean and extends to where it meets the____.

answer

oceanic crust

question

Together, the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise are called

answer

continental margin

question

continental margin is found along a subduction zone or transform fault, is very narrow, and very steep. Thus, you will have a ______

answer

trench

question

At sea level atmospheric pressure is_____ pounds per square inch

answer

14.7

question

pressure increases by an additional atmosphere for every ____ meters (32.81 ft) of descent under water.

answer

10

question

The Ocean is composed of Epipelagic (Euphotic), Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, _____.

answer

Abyssopelagic

question

Vertically it extends to approximately the first 200 meters below the surface

answer

The Epipelagic Zone

question

This zone is kept warm and mixed by winds and wave action

answer

epipelagic

question

This zone is also known as the euphotic or sunlight zone because most visible light in the oceans is found here

answer

epipelagic

question

this zone extends to about 1,000m and exhibits a rapid decline in temperature to less than 5°C.

answer

mesopelagic

question

This zone is under the The Epipelagic Zone

answer

The Mesopelagic Zone.

question

This zone, also referred to as the midnight zone, starts at about 1,000 meters

answer

bathypelagic

question

This zone receives no sunlight and has very high pressures - about 5880 psi at around 4,000 meters in depth. At this level there are very few organisms.

answer

bathypelagic

question

this zone extends from about 4000 meters to the ocean floor.

answer

abyssopelagic

question

No light penetrates to this zone, and the pressure at this point is extremely high.

answer

abyssopelagic

question

Very little life exists at this zone, other than the benthic dwellers and detritovores.

answer

abyssopelagic

question

Together with the bathypelagic zone, these cold, deep layers contain about 80 percent of the total volume of the ocean.

answer

The Abyssopelagic Zone

question

Horizontal layers: Pelagic, Neritic province, ______.

answer

Oceanic province

question

0pen ocean from the shoreline to 200 meters. It includes the coral reefs and estuaries and has high productivity

answer

Neritic province

question

Nutrient mixing is effected by means of upwelling, estuary transport, and____

answer

tidal currents

question

extends from 200 m to the open ocean. It is generally nutrient poor with little life other than phytoplankton, zooplankton and nekton - large fish, whales, tuna, squid.

answer

Oceanic province

question

area of the ocean is the open sea where organisms swim freely and actively (Nekton) or free floating (Plankton) in the mass of sea water rather than living at the bottom (benthos)

answer

pelagic

question

The zone is part of the convergence of dense oceanic plates at the ocean floor followed by subduction of one plate under the other, creates long, narrow trenches along the convergence zones.

answer

hadal

question

Highly specialized life forms, including fish, shrimps, sea cucumbers, and microbes, survive even at these depths.

answer

The Hadal zone

question

______ are created by mixing of cold, deep waters and warm surface waters

answer

Ocean currents

question

heat distribution from the low, tropical regions to the higher latitudes, nutrients transport from deep waters to the surface, and influencing the climates of coastal regions.

answer

Ocean currents

question

________ are localized within a body of water. High salt and/or cooling water create areas of high density that sink and flow under the surface

answer

Density currents

question

are the result of the combined effects of surface and density currents, thermohaline circulation, upwelling and the Earth's rotation.

answer

Gyres

question

_______is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water

answer

upwelling

question

_______ is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath warm air

answer

Downwelling

question

Which currents are swift, narrow and deep? (e.g. the Gulf stream)

answer

western boundary

question

Which currents are slower, broader and shallower?

answer

eastern boundary

question

currents on the western boundaries of ocean gyres are narrower and flow faster than eastern boundary currents.

answer

true

question

Warm surface currents flow out of ocean gyres from the tropics to higher latitudes

answer

true

question

cold surface currents flow from colder latitudes toward the equator

answer

true

question

The excess heat received in the equatorial regions drives everything, including the strong Western Boundary Currents such as the familiar Gulf Stream and the East Australian Current

answer

true

question

Ocean currents move and redistribute heat from high to low latitudes by moving warm water from the

answer

equator toward the poles

question

Water has a high specific heat, which means that water gains and looses heat slowly, it takes more energy input to increase its temperature

answer

true

question

The thermohaline circulation is analogous to a "global conveyor belt" that moves large volumes of water throughout the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.

answer

true

question

Cold water sinks in polar areas and warmer, less dense water floats on top.

answer

true

question

(NADW), the biggest water mass in the oceans, forms in the North Atlantic and runs down the coast of Canada, eastward into the Atlantic, and south past the tip of South America.

answer

North Atlantic Deep Water

question

(AABW), is the densest water mass in the oceans. It forms when cold, salty water sinks in the seas surrounding Antarctica, carrying oxygen and nutrients with it, and flows northward along the sea floor underneath the North Atlantic Deep Water, displacing the waters above it and helping to propel the Thermohaline Circulation

answer

antarctic bottom water

question

As a result of the Coriolis effect, water currents in the Northern Hemisphere _____.

answer

bend to the right

question

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a climate cycle that occurs over several decades

answer

true

question

Which one of the following factors does NOT favor increased infiltration?

answer

saturated ground

question

The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram to be converted from a liquid to a gas

answer

calorie

question

The term ________ applies to any situation in which groundwater under pressure rises on its own above the level of the aquifer.

answer

Artesian

question

This term refers to rock strata or sediments that readily transmit groundwater

answer

Aquifer

question

prevent flood and erosion, filter out heavy metals ,protect wildlife habitats, act as a sponge for nutrients and water

answer

wetlands

question

Any water drawn from below the water table is:

answer

groundwater

question

Caves most commonly form in areas rich in:

answer

limestone

question

The continuous movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, from the atmosphere to the land, and from the land back to the sea is known as

answer

hydrologic cycle

question

A measure of a material's ability to transmit groundwater through interconnected pore spaces is known as its ________.

answer

permeability

question

With increased demands for freshwater from agriculture and population increases, a major threat the aquifers face is

answer

Saltwater Intrusion

question

In the United States, more groundwater is used for this purpose than for any other.

answer

Irrigation

question

Which two aspects of the hydrologic cycle are responsible for water vapor in the atmosphere?

answer

Evaporation and Transpiration

question

A measure of a rock's ability to store water

answer

Porosity

question

The four South Florida counties draw most of their freshwater from the

answer

Biscayne Aquifer

question

excessive removal of fresh water is permitting salt water to move backwards into aquifers

answer

salt water intrusion

question

The process by which water in the gas form (water vapor) changes to liquid water is referred to as __________.

answer

condensation

question

More water evaporates from the oceans than is returned to the oceans by precipitation

answer

true

question

Over land, precipitation equals runoff.

answer

false

question

The single most important agent sculpting Earth's surface is __________ erosion.

answer

Stream

question

Which one of the following rivers has the greatest average discharge?

answer

amazon

question

The release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants is called __________.

answer

Transpiration

question

The largest river in North America in terms of discharge is the __________ River.

answer

Mississipi

question

We know that the oceans contain most of Earth's water. Which one of the following ranks second?

answer

Glaciers

question

Sea level drops when water is stored in expanding glaciers.

answer

true

question

The area that contributes water to a stream is its __________.

answer

Drainage Basin

question

Below Ground (22.22), Glaciers/ice (77.28), Atmospheric Water(.03), Water bodies (.47), fresh water (2.78) found in the oceans (97.41% saltwater

answer

water repositories

question

Less than _____ of water on earth is usable

answer

3%

question

of usable water is underground

answer

1/3

question

About ____ of all precipitation returns immediately to the atmosphere via evaporation and transpiration.

answer

50%

question

lakes with moderate level of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen

answer

mesotrophic

question

the excess water that spreads onto the land adjacent to the river is called a

answer

floodplain

question

Water from aquifers naturally percolates up to the surface as

answer

springs

question

a confined aquifer that cannot be recharged unless the impermeable layer has an opening at the land's surface that can serve

answer

Recharge Area

question

When Water from precipitation percolates through the soil and works its way into an aquifer

answer

groundwater recharge

question

The uppermost level at which the water in a given area fully saturates the rock or soil and is considered to be the surface of the groundwater in an area

answer

Water Table

question

are surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock and clay which impedes water to flow

answer

Confined aquifers

question

May aquifers are porous rock covered by soil where water and easily flow in and out. These are

answer

unconfined aquifers

question

is the phenomenon of a substance being held together by hydrogen bonds. It refers to the attraction of substances of the same kind to each other, like one water molecule to another, as opposed to adhesion in which substances of different kinds bond to each other.

answer

Cohesion

question

These impermeable rock layers hinder or prevent groundwater movement and are called

answer

aquitards

question

rain water and snowmelt water that leaks through the bottom of some lakes and rivers leaking water-supply systems (pipelines and canals) irrigation of crops with more water than the plants can use.

answer

sources of groundwater recharge

question

The single greatest use of groundwater in the United States is for

answer

irrigation

question

80% - 90% efficient above- or below-ground pipes or tubes deliver water directly to the roots of individual plants.

answer

Drip irrigation

question

70% - 80% efficient water is usually pumped from underground and sprayed from mobile boom with sprinklers

answer

Center-pivot

question

50% - 60% efficient water from an aqueduct or a nearby river is pumped to flood a field.

answer

Gravity flow

Broward College ENV1009 ONLINE: Test #3

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