Breasts – Flashcard
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Galactorrhea is abnormal if it occurs?
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6 or more months after childbirth or cessation of breast feeding
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What lump is characterized as usually smooth, rubbery, round, mobile and non tender
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fibroadenoma
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What lump is characterized by usually being soft to firm, round, mobile; often tender
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cyst
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what lump is characterized as being nodular, ropelike?
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fibrocystic change
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what lump is characterized by being irregular, firm, may be mobile or fixed to surrounding tissue
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cancer
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Risk factors for breast cancer include
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previous cancer, an affected mother or sister, biopsy showing atypical hyperplasia, increasing age, early menarch, late menopause or late/no pregnancy
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Redness of the skin of the breast could mean?
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local infection or inflammatory carcinoma
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thickening and prominent pores suggests
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breast cancer
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asymmetry of directions in which nipples point suggests
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underlying cancer
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rash or ulceration occurs in
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pagets disease
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recent or fixed flattening or depression of the nipple suggests
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nipple retraction
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a retracted nipple may also be broadened and thickened suggesting an
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underlying cancer
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dimpling or retration of the breasts can be seen in which positions?
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arms over head, hands pressed against hips or leaning forward
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When a cancer or its associated fibrous strands are attached to both the skin and the fascia overlying the pectoral muscles it will
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contraction will cause retraction
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occasionally dimpling or retraction signs may be associated with?
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posttraumatic fat necrosis or mammary duct ectasia
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nodules in tail of the breast are sometimes mistaken for?
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enlarged axillary lymph nodes
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tender cords suggest?
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mammary duct ectasia
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mammary duct ectasia
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benign but sometimes painful condition of dilated ducts with surrounding inflammation
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hard, irregular, poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or underlying tissues strongly suggests?
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cancer
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a mobile mass that becomes fixed when the arm relaxes is attached to
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ribs and intercostal muscles
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if mobile mass becomes fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip it is attached to the
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pectoral fascia
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thickening of the nipple and loss of elasticity suggest an underlying
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cancer
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________ arises from an imblance of estrogens and androgens sometimes drug related
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gynecomastia
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A hard, irregular eccentric or ulcerating nodule suggests
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breast cancer
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sweat gland infection
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hidradenitis suppurativa
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deeply pigmented, velvety axillary skin suggests
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acanthosis nigricans
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nodes that are larger than 1cm and firm or hard, matted together, or fixed to the skin suggest
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malignancy
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milky discharge unrelated to prior pregnancy and lactation is
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nonpuerperal galactorrhea
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spontaneous unilateral bloody discharge from one or two ducts warrants further evaluation for
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intraductal papilloma, ductal carcinoma, or pagets disease
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what causes nonpuerperal galactorrhea
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hypothyroidism, pituitary prolactinoma, drugs that are dopamine agonist
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masses, nodularity and change in color or inflammation especially in the incision line suggest
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recurrent breast cancer
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A 24 year old patient presents to the office with a single lump that is round, non tender and well delineated
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fibroadenoma
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40 year old patient presents to the office with a mobile, well delineated tender lump on her breast
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cyst
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70 year old patient presents to the office with an irregularly shaped lump that is non tender but shows a positive retraction sign this is
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cancer
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as breast cancer advances it causes fibrosis shortening of this tissue produces dimpling, changes in contour and retraction or deviation of the nipple this is called
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retraction signs
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looking at this sign with the patients arm at rest during special position and moving or compressing the breast to look for
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skin dimpling
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produced by lymphatic blockade it appears as thickened skin with enlarged pores
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edema of the skin
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what is edema of the skin have?
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peau d'orange (orange peel sign_
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look for any variation in the normal convexity of each breast and compare one side with the other. special position may again be useful
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abnormal contous
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a retracted nipple is flattened or pulled inward. it may also be broadened, and feels thickened. When involvement is radially asymmetric, the nipple may deviate or point in a different direction from its normal counterpart,
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nipple retraction and deviation
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this uncommon form of breast cancer usually starts as a scaly, eczemalike lesion that may weep, crust or erode. A breast mass may be present
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paget's disease of the nipple
