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refers to a person's ability to separate intrapersonal and interpersonal distress.

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differentiation

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refers to separate thoughts from feelings in order to respond rather than react.

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intrapersonal

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refers to knowing where oneself ends and another begins without the loss of self.

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interpersonal

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the need for togetherness and the need for autonomy

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Bowen also described differentiation as the ability to balance two life forces;

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a person is more or less differentiated rather than differentiated or not differentiated. Becoming more differentiated is a life long journey that is colloquially referred to as "maturity"

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differentiation is conceptualized on a continuum;

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is based on the premise that emotional people from prior generations are present and alive in the current family emotional

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Multigenerational Transmission Process

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are used to add a third person ot topic to alleviate tension

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Emotional Triangles

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can also involve using alcohol or drugs to create a dyadic stability, complaining or siding with friends or family of origin against one's spouse, or two siblings siding against a third.

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Trianagulation

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describes how parents "project" their immaturity onto one or more children, causing decreased differentiation in subsequent generations.

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Family Projection Process

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which refers to situations in which a person no longer emotionally engages with another in order to manage anxiety; this usually occurs between children and parents.

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Emotional Cutoff

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is almost always a sign of lower levels of differentiation. The person is so emotionally fused with the other that he or she must physically separate to be comfortable.

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When a person is emotionally cutoff

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they do so in a way that is respectful and preserves emotional connection, and not out of emotional re-activity.

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When differentiated people set boundaries and limit contact with family

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therapist look at this position as an indicator of family's level of differentiation; all things being equal. The roles of the position are informed by a person's cultural background, with immigrants generally adhering to more traditional standards that later generations.

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Sibling Position

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the youngest child generally the most likely to avoid responsibility.

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In sibling position

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are to increase each person's level of differentiation (in specific contexts)

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One of the Two basic goals of Bowen Theary

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to increase emotional re-activity to chronic anxiety in the system

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One of the Two basic goals of Bowen Theary

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is a general goal that should be operationally defined for each client. Example; increase AF's and AM's level of differentiation in the martial relationship by increasing the tolerance of difference, while increasing intimacy is a better goal than "increase differentiation.

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What is an example of increasing differentiation ?

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as a general goal of increasing differentiation, it is clinically helpful to tailor this to an individual client. address a clients specific dynamic: decrease emotional re-activity to child's defiance or decrease emotional re-activity to partner in conversations about division of chores and parenting.

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What is an example of decreasing emotional re-activity the chronic activity?

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the theory is the therapists ability to embody the theory. Thus understanding "living" the theory is technique used for facilitating clients change. (an Intervention)

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What is the primary technique used by Bowen?

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questions that help clients see the systemic process or the dynamics that they are enacting. Example: a therapist can use these type of questions to help clients determine how they are experiencing with their spouse is related to patterns they observed in the parents relationship. How do the struggles you are experiencing with your spouse now compare to those of each of your parents? Are they similar or different? Is the role you are playing now similar to that pattern? Who are you most like? These questions are used to conceptualize the clients situation. (an Intervention)

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What is a process question?

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to maintain individuals opinions and mood states while in relationship with others. (an intervention)

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I positions are used in Bownes theory

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used both as an assessment tool and an intervention. As an intervention, it identifies not only problematic inter-generational patterns but also alternative ways for relating and handling problems. It visually depicts the pattern across generations and generates a greater urgency and willingness to take action to prevent or intervene on the problem.

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Genograms are

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involves the therapist maintaining therapeutic neutrality (differentiation) in order to interrupt the client's attempt to involve the therapist or someone else in a triangle. Instead of siding with a client to remove the anxiety immediately, the therapist invites clients to validate themselves, examine their own part in the problem dynamic, and take responsibility .

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Detriangulation

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however, approval from the therapist undermines a clients sense of autonomy.

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Validation implies approval;

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emphasize that when therapist "validate" by saying; "it is normal for you to feel that way" or "it sounds like he really hurt you"; the therapist closed down the opportunity for differentiation. Instead, clients are coached to approve or disapprove their own thoughts and feelings and then take responsibility and action as needed.

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An Inter-generational therapist

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are behavioral homework assignments that are designed to reveal and change unproductive relational process in families. Purpose is to interrupt triangulation process by increasing direct communication between a dryad or by reversing purser/distancer dynamics that are fueled by the lack of differentiation.

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Relational Experiments

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is a technique that refers when a therapist encourage clients to interact with family members while maintaining a clear boundary between self and other and to practice or experience the reduced emotional re-activity that characterizes increase in differentiation.

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Going home again

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developed the Sexual Crucible Model.

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David Schnarch

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in case conceptualization describe the patterns of chronic anxiety with the family; each person's role, how it relates to symptoms.

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Chronic anxiety

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based on gernogram, identify multi-generational patterns such as family strengths, substance/alcohol abuse, sexual/physical emotional abuse, parent child relationships, physical or mental health issues, roles within the family; martyr, hero, rebel, helpless one

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Multi -generational patterns

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Bowen viewed as a biological phenomenon that is present in all natural systems. It involves automatic physical and emotional reactions that are not mediated through conscious, logical process.

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Chronic anxiety

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in their responses to crisis, loss, conflict and difficulties. It is woven in to culture, what a family can tolerate and what is normal to a family

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Family exhibit chronic anxiety

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