question

Which amendment to the US Constitution guarantees protection from unreasonable searches and seizures

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4th

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What are the consequences to the officer if he violates a persons right during search and seizure?

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Criminal or civil case brought against the officer, suppression of evidence recovered from the suspect, department discipline

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What are the 3 sources of law?

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1. Constitutional Law 2. Statutory Law 3. Common Law

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The basic law of the land is what?

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The United States Constitution

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What is the supreme law of the land?

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Constitutional Law

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Constitutional Law also includes judicial interpretation affecting who/what?

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President Congress Courts Public Officials Some Governmental habits and customs

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Written laws enacted by the legislative branches of the state or federal government are called?

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Statutes

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____________ law declares, commands, of prohibits, something. It is the written will of the politically elected legislature

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Statutory Law

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Written law of local government (cities & counties) are called ____________?

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Ordinances

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Common law is frequently referred to as ________ law?

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Case

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_________ law derives is authority form customs and practices of ancient times, or from the judgements and decrees of the courts recognizing affirming, and enforcing such usages and customs

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Common

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2 Types of law

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substantive law procedural law

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____________ law defines the rights and duties of citizens

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Substantive law

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It is created by legislative or judicial action, it prohibits conduct such as robbery, larceny, assault

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Substantive law

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_________ law specifies the method whereby substantive law is enforced

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Procedural law

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laws restricting the circumstances under which the police may lawfully interrogate a suspect are what type of law?

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Procedural law

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Constitution grants 4 procedural safeguards to a person accused of crimes what are they?

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1. Habeas Corpus 2. Jury 3. Bills of attainder 4. Ex post facto laws

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_______ establishes rights that we consider basic in a free society

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1st amendment

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The 1st amendment rights are?

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1. Religion 2. Speech 3. Press 4. Assembly 5. Petition

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The following types of speech have no first amendment protection and thus barred by the government

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1. Obscenity 2. Fighting Words 3. Threats 4. Incendiary Speech

question

______is a depiction of sexual conduct that taken as a whole, by the average person, applying contemporary community standards appeals to the prudent interest in sex, portrays sex in a patently offensive way and does not have serious literary artistic, political or scientific value

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Obscenity

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In NC the sale, creation or possession for sale of obscene materials is a what?

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Class 1 felony

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Seizure of allegedly obscene material must be accomplished only with a search warrant by who?

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District Attorney or Assistant DA

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________ are utterances calculated to intimidate, must be genuine must be capable of carrying it out

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Threats

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___________ _____________ advocates the imminent violent use of force against the government

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Incendiary Speech

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This right to silence attaches when a person in custody and is under interrogation

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Self Incrimination

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Which amendment grants the right to a speedy and public trial and information about the nature and the cause of the accusation, to confront the witness against him?

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6th Amendment

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Which amendment preserves the right of trial by jury in civil cases?

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7th Amendment

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Which amendment protects people from excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment?

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8th Amendment

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Which amendment 3 phrases privileges and immunities, due process of law, and equal protection of the laws

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14th Amendment

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2 Types of due process

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1. Procedural Due Process 2. Substantive Due Process

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_________ guarantees that the government will not take a persons life, liberty, or property interest without notice and a meaningful opportunity to be heard

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Procedural Due Process

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____________ guarantees that the notice, hearing and result is fair

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Substantive Due Process

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This amendment forbids law enforcement offices from using physical coercion to extract a statement. It is also a due process violation for officers to make promises which they cannot keep in effort to obtain a statement

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14th Amendment

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1. Requires that a defendant receives adequate notice of the offense charged 2. Right to counsel, speedy and public trial, be free from the use of unlawfully seized evidence and unlawfully obtained confession 3. Entitled to a plea bargain 4. Guilt beyond a reasonable doubt 5. Sane or Competent

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Due Process

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A __________ occurs when a person submits t a command by an officer to stop or when a officer physically restrains a person

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Seizure

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Reasonable suspicion is needed for what?

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A temporary detention

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Officers need no justification to approach a citizen True or False

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True

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What is the purpose of an investigative stop?

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To determine whether there is probable cause to believe that 1. a crime has or is being committed 2. the suspect has probably committed the crime

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___________is a "seizure" under the 14th amendment and thus, must be reasonable

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Use of Force

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The overriding test for all use of force, whether deadly or not, is whether the use of force was objectively reasonable under the circumstances and at the time the force was used

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Use of Force

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1. To defend himself or a third person from what he reasonably believes to be the use or imminent use of deadly physical force 2. Suspect is trying to escape using a deadly weapon 3. indicates that he presents an imminent threat of death or serious physical injury to other unless apprehended with out delay 4. To prevent an escape for custody imposed result of a convection for a felony

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Deadly physical force authorized

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True or False the presence of "no Trespassing" sign will not effect the admissibility of evidence seized from an open field in plain view

answer

True

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What are the 3 basic requirements for a legitimate plain view seizure?

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1. The officers are lawfully in a position from which they view an object 2. The incrimination character of the object is immediately apparent 3. The officers have a lawful right of access to the object.

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What are exigent circumstances?

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1. Probable cause to search 2. A likelihood that absent immediate action officers could be endangered or evidence could either be destroyed or removed from the jurisdiction

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Who may issue search warrant?

answer

1. Only a judicial official 2. Appellate and superior court judges may issue search warrants are valid anywhere in the state 3. District court judges in there district 4. Clerks and magistrates issue search warrant valid within their country

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A search warrant must be executed within how many hours after it is issued or its void?

answer

48 hours

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A detained person not named on the warrant may be fully searched if:

answer

1. Offers have executed the warrant but have not discovered the named contraband 2. The contraband could reasonably be found on the person of the detainee.

question

Only who can apply for a search warrant to search for and seize obscene materials

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District attorney or assistant district attorney

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The legal proceeding which decides whether the police have followed the law in taking a written or oral statement

answer

Suppression hearing

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Whenever a suspect gives a written or oral statement to law enforcement officers, the statement is either...

answer

Inculpatory or exculpatory

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--------- statement is one which denies guilt

answer

Exculpatory statement

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_____ statement tends to establish guilt

answer

Inculpatory statement

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When are Miranda warnings required?

answer

Custody and interrogation

question

N.C.G.S. 7B-2101 provides that a juvenile who is less than ________ years old CANNOT waive her right to have a parent, guardian, custodian or attorney present during custodial interrogation.

answer

14

question

A juvenile who is ________ years old or older can waive both her right to counsel and her statutory right to a parent, guardian, or custodian.

answer

14

question

Miranda rights are effectively waived by a...

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a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent waiver

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______ relates to whether the suspect has been properly informed of his rights and whether he understands those rights.

answer

Knowing

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_____ relates to whether the waiver was obtained without force or coercion.

answer

Voluntary

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_______refers to the capacity and competency of the suspect to understand his rights and the effect of a waiver of those rights.

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Intelligent

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________ amendment gives defendants a right to counsel at any critical stage of a prosecution at or after adversary judicial proceedings have begun.

answer

6th Amendment

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Sixth Amendment right to counsel is ________ _____.

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Indelibly Attached

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The Sixth amendment right to counsel is offense-specific; it DOES NOT apply to _____________ crimes.

answer

uncharged crimes

question

Each state also has its own constitution, generally modeled after the United States Constitution. A typical state constitution:

answer

(1) Describes the basic organization of the state government, including the legislative, judicial, executive, and administrative branches; (2) Establishes basic rights of citizens of the state; and (3) Makes provisions for amendments and for legislative enactments.

question

Florida v. Royer

answer

a) A person has been "seized" when, under the circumstances, a reasonable person in his position would not feel free to walk or drive away from the law enforcement officer.

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would a reasonable person in the suspect's position feel that the officer deprived his freedom of movement.

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. The test for whether a person is seized is an objective one:

question

Terry V. Ohio

answer

The Supreme Court ruled in_____________ that an individual may be stopped and frisked by law enforcement agents based on reasonable suspicion.

question

Terry V. Ohio

answer

law enforcement officers need no justification to speak to or look at anyone in a public place. In the area of voluntary encounters, officers have all of the rights of an ordinary citizen.

question

Florida V Royer

answer

the United States Supreme Court stated: "Law enforcement officers do not violate the Fourth Amendment by merely approaching an individual on the street or in another public place, by asking him if he is willing to answer some questions, by putting questions to him if the person is willing to listen, or by offering in evidence in a criminal prosecution his voluntary answers to such questions." Because these encounters are entirely voluntary, officers may not compel cooperation. The Court further stated, "The person approached, however, need not answer any question put to him; indeed, he may decline to listen to the questions at all and may go on his way."

question

making a warrant-less arrest

answer

G.S. 15A-401

question

a citizen detention

answer

G.S. 15A-404

question

Assistance to enforcement officers to effect arrest or prevent escape

answer

G.S. 15A-405

BLET #22 Arrest, Search & Seizure/Constitutional Law

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