question

True or False? Epidemiology is an observational science that capitalizes on naturally occurring situations.

answer

true

question

The individual whose name is associated with a natural experiment during an outbreak of cholera in London was:

answer

John Snow

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a use of epidemiology:

answer

To provide healthcare services to specific individuals

question

True or False? Adjusted rates pertain only to mortality rates.

answer

False

question

True or False? Incidence and prevalence are interrelated concepts.

answer

True

question

If A equals the number of deaths in 2009 and B equals the population at the midpoint of 2009 and C equals the number of persons aged 15-24, then the crude death rate per 100,000 population would be:

answer

(A/B) × 100,000

question

Epidemiologic measures provide the following types of information:

answer

-Frequency of disease or condition - Association between exposure and disease -Strength of relationship between exposure and disease All of the above

question

True or False? Birth statistics include statistics on both live births and fetal deaths.

answer

true

question

Using health-related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response is known as:

answer

Syndromic surveillance

question

Studies of the effects of exposure to teratogens have used data from:

answer

Birth certificates

question

The BRFSS:

answer

-Focuses on personal health behaviors -Is a state-based system -Collects data monthly ( All of the above )

question

True or False? Cross-sectional studies measure relationships between diseases and other variables at a particular time.

answer

true

question

The term that indicates cases of disease that occur in a specific geographic region is:

answer

spatial Clustering

question

What factors may be considered when measuring socioeconomic status?

answer

-Income level -Occupation type -Education level (All of the above)

question

Variations in infectious and chronic diseases from one country to another may be attributed to:

answer

-Climate -Access to health care -Cultural factors (All of the above)

question

Explain what is meant by the cycle of epidemiologic research. Identify three components of the cycle. Apply the cycle to a hypothetical research project that would examine teenage binge drinking

answer

Progress results from a series of cycles in which investigators examine existing facts and hypothesis, formulate a new or more specific hypothesis, and obtain additional facts to test the acceptability of the new hypothesis. -Theory, Hypothesis, Operationalization, -Hypothesis- Teen age drinking occurs more from environmental influence than on its own. -Operationalization- survey teens. who has had the environmental influence? Who has said yes or no? -Theory- _% Teens are influenced by environment and do drink. _% are influenced but do not drink.

question

True or False? The only question that epidemiologists ask is whether a particular exposure is causally associated with a given outcome

answer

False

question

Study design and sample size do not affect the validity of the study.

answer

False

question

Randomization of participants into one of several treatment groups is a key characteristic of a randomized control trail study design.

answer

true

question

Prevalence is the proportion of people in a population with a disease or risk factor at a particular point in time.

answer

true

question

Gradual changes in the frequency of diseases over long periods

answer

Secular Trends

question

In epidemiology, place variables include:

answer

Localized occurrence of disease

question

The category in a frequency distribution that has the highest frequency of cases is known as the:

answer

Mode

question

Biostatistics is:

answer

the application of statistical principles in medicine, public health, or biology.

question

The world's most well-known study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease

answer

Framingham Heart Study

question

What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

answer

Prevalence refers to the extent of a disease at a point in time, whereas incidence refers to the development of disease over a specified time.

question

Data in the following table represent diabetes among smokers and non-smokers. No Diabetes Diabetes Nonsmoker 3700 1300 5000 Smoker 2400 2000 4400 6100 3300 9400 What is the point prevalence of diabetes among Non-smokers?

answer

1300/5000= .2600

question

True or False? The only question that epidemiologists ask is whether a particular exposure is causally associated with a given outcome.

answer

false

question

Estimating disease in a specific region or group is straightforward and easy.

answer

False

question

Case-control studies are useful when the outcome of interest is rare.

answer

true

question

One assumption when calculating risk difference and incidence rate is that the risk of disease is constant over time

answer

true

question

Health events that are related in time reflect

answer

temporal clustering

question

For which of the following criteria do epidemiologists need to observe the cause before the effect?

answer

temporality

question

Epidemiology is:

answer

study of health and illness in human populations, patters of health or disease, and the factors that influence them.

question

An investigator reviewed the medical records of 200 children, age 4-18, seen for care at University of Utah hospital over the past 15 years and identified 40 with asthma. He also identified 40 children similar children that did not have asthma. The investigator recorded the home address of all of the children and used mapping software to analyze association between home address and asthma status. This study is an example of:

answer

case-control study

question

Another name if incidence rate (IR):

answer

Another name if incidence rate (IR):

question

The following is a table from the Utah Department of Health Weekly Influenza Report from 5/2/2015. According to the U.S. Census Bureau the most recent estimates put total Utah population at 2,942,902. Using this data, what is the state wide cumulative incidence of influenza hospitalizations per 100,000 for the season to date?

answer

State total (1350) / 2,942,902 X100,000= 45.8731

question

True or False? A reservoir cannot be human beings, animals, insects, soils, and/or plants

answer

false

question

True or False? E. coli O157:H7 is an example of an emerging infection.

answer

True

question

True or False? The host, agent, and environment make up only part of the epidemiologic triangle.

answer

false

question

The severity of a disease produced by an infectious agent is referred to as:

answer

Virulence

question

Portals of exit include:

answer

-Respiratory passages -Alimentary canal -Skin lesions (All of the above)

question

Foodborne illnesses can be prevented by

answer

Washing hands and surfaces where food is prepared

question

A study is designed to measure the difference of cholesterol levels in Men and Women. Gender is recorded as Male and Female. Cholesterol levels are precisely measured using a serum blood test. The exact cholesterol test reading is recorded for each participant with two decimal place precision. What type of variable is gender:

answer

Dichotomous

question

Which measure will answer the question: "What is the probability that I have the disease if my screening test comes back positive?"

answer

Positive predictive value

question

The diastolic blood pressure was collected for 15 study participants. The values are as follows: 80, 85, 82, 81, 99, 102, 70, 86, 75, 60, 55, 72, 84, 86, 88 What is the mean of the values?

answer

80+85+82+81+99+102+70+86+75+60+55+72+84+86+88=1205 1205/15 numbers=80.33

question

Over the past year a group of family practice physicians have seen 3,500 boys, 4,200 girls, 7,700 pediatric patients total. The physicians want to select pediatric patients for a study using a simple random sample. What is the probability that they will select a GIRL from their population of pediatric patients?

answer

4200/7700= 54.54

question

Over the past year a group of family practice physicians have seen 3,500 boys, 4,200 girls, 7,700 pediatric patients total. The physicians want to select pediatric patients for a study using a simple random sample. What is the probability that they will select a BOY from their population of pediatric patients?

answer

3500/7700=45.45

question

We have a headache medication that is known to be effective in 70% of patients who take it. If we give the medication to 10 patients, what is the probability that exactly 5 of them will report relief?

answer

10!/5!(10-5)! X .70^5 X (1-.70)^10-5=10.29

question

A histogram is an appropriate graphical display for ordinal variables.

answer

True

question

A probability is a number that reflects the likelihood that a particular event will occur.

answer

True

question

True or False? Passive immunity is not acquired from antibodies produced by another person or animal

answer

false

question

The first case of a disease to come to the attention of authorities is the:

answer

index case

question

The likely transmission of SARS during a 2003 flight to Beijing is thought to have been a(n):

answer

Airborne infection

question

The resistance of an entire community to an infectious agent as a result of the immunity of a large proportion of individuals in that community to the agent is known as:

answer

Herd Immunity

question

A study is designed to measure the difference of cholesterol levels in Men and Women. Gender is recorded as Male and Female. Cholesterol levels are precisely measured using a serum blood test. The exact cholesterol test reading is recorded for each participant with two decimal place precision. What type of variable is cholesterol level:

answer

Continuous

question

The probability that a disease-free person will screen negative is captured by which measure?

answer

Specificity

question

The diastolic blood pressure was collected for 15 study participants. The values are as follows: 80, 85, 82, 81, 99, 102, 70, 86, 75, 60, 55, 72, 84, 86, 88 What is the standard deviation of the values?

answer

12.65

question

The diastolic blood pressure was collected for 15 study participants. The values are as follows: 80, 85, 82, 81, 99, 102, 70, 86, 75, 60, 55, 72, 84, 86, 88 What is the mean of the values?

answer

A+B+C.../15 PEOPLE=80.33

question

What is the IQR (Inter quartile range) of the values?

answer

Q3-Q1 (Max Q3 Medium Q1 Min)

question

What is the median? 80, 85, 82, 81, 99, 102, 70, 86, 75, 60, 55, 72, 84, 86, 88

answer

Middle number 82

question

Categorical data is best displayed in a box-whisker plot.

answer

False (Continuous)

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