Biology Take 2 – Flashcards

To protect the cell from its surroundings

The cell membrane only allows water and certain selected ions and molecules to pass through it, while restricting the entry the some others.

Small cells function more effectively because they have a larger surface area to volume ratio than do large cells which have smaller surface area to volume ratio.

The important point is that the surface area to the volume ratio gets smaller as the cell gets larger. Thus, if the cell grows beyond a certain limit, not enough material will be able to cross the membrane fast enough to accommodate the increased cellular volume

The phospholipid molecules are arranged in two layers in the plasma membrane with the heads of the molecules facing the both of the outsides of the plasma membrane and the phospholipid tails facing the insides of the membrane

This type of protein is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane

This type of protein molecule usually found embedded within the plasma membrane surface of a cell that receives chemical signals from outside the cell.

This type of protein extend across the cell membrane and serve to identify the cell. The immune system uses these proteins to tell friendly cells from foreign invaders.

These can function as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions, act as receptors for specific molecules, or transport materials across the cell membrane.

This process refers to the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

This is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane in the direction against some gradient or other obstructing factor (often a concentration gradient).

When a cell is in a solution that has the same concentration of water and solutes / .9%, both ways, stay the same / Water still moves through the plasma membrane, but water enters and leaves the cell at the same rate.

The concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than inside / Greater out the cell, decrease / Net movement of water is out of the cell.

If a cell is in a solution that has a lower concentration of solute, the cell is said to be in a ... / No, increase / movement of water through the plasma membrane is into the cell, pressure generated as water flows through the plasma membrane is called osmotic pressure.

Cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, enclosing the substance in a portion of the plasma membrane. The membrane then pinches off and leaves the substance inside the cell. The membrane then pinches off inside of the cell and the resulting vacuole with it's contents, moves to the inside of the cell.

Cells use this to expel wastes and to secrete substances, such as hormones, produced by the cell. Both endocytosis and exocytosis require the input of energy. Cells maintain homeostasis by moving substances into and out of the cell. Some transport processes require additional energy input, which others do not.

This effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in aqueous solution and exclude water molecules.

having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water

Why is the membrane called a bilayer?

How do proteins stay anchored in the membrane?

As cell size increases, what happens to the surface area to volume ratio?

As a cell increases in size, does it become more or less efficient

The three proteins

Why are cells so small?

What is a solution?

How do polar and nonpolar molecules differ?

These are made up of two fatty acids (long chains of hydrogen and carbon molecules), which are attached to a glycerol 'head.' The glycerol molecule is also attached to a phosphate group, and this is the hydrophilic part of the molecule.

What are the main parts of a phospholipid?

What happens to cells when water moves out?

If water moves into a plant cell, what barrier prevents the cell from splitting open? Do animal cells have this structure to prevent disaster?

Cleans the air you breathe

Take in oxygen, breathe out CO2

Slippery secretion produced by and covering, mucous membranes

A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue

Wind pipe that connects the oxygen flow from the larynx to the bronchi

Passage way where air passes through the nose or mouth

Helps oxygen reach our blood (lets us breathe)

Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place here

Shallow, dome-shaped cup with a flexible rim

Carries large portion of total blood flow

Absorb minerals, filter blood, produce hormones, produce urine

Drain oxygen, replaced off the inferior vena cava

Carries urine from kidney to bladder

Stores urine

Carries urine from bladder to outside of body