question

which of the following is not a goal of science?

answer

to establish a collection of unchanging truths

question

science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on

answer

testing observations

question

a scientific hypothesis

answer

an be tested by experiments or observations

question

the process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits is called

answer

homeostasis

question

focusing which two central themes in biology would help a student understand why animals come in different shapes and sizes

answer

structure and function; unity and diversity of life

question

if an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is

answer

1

question

which of the following is not true about chlorine

answer

it is a poisonous, greenish gas

question

a covalent bond is formed as the result of

answer

sharing electrons

question

solutions that have more OH- than H+ ions are

answer

bases

question

carbon-12 is most common isotope of carbon. It has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Of its 6 electrons, 4 are valance electrons. How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

answer

4

question

which of the following is not a function of proteins

answer

store and transmit genetic information

question

what is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

answer

chemical reaction

question

the simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is

answer

a community

question

which ecological inquiry method is an ecologist using when he or she sets up a greenhouse and measures the effects of different levels of carbon dioxide on an endangered plant species

answer

experimenting

question

in which way are plants in a sunny mountain meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea volcanic vent alike

answer

they are both produce carbohydrates and oxygen

question

in what way are herbivores and carnivores alike

answer

they both obtain energy by consuming other organisms

question

what animals eat both produces and consumers

answer

omnivores

question

animals get the most of the nitrogen they need

answer

by consuming plants or other animals

question

if a lake receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, which of these would happen first

answer

algae begin to die and decomposers take over

question

which of the following is a food chain in the food web shown in figure 3-4

answer

grass, grasshopper, snake, hawk

question

why is an organism's niche like a person's occupation

answer

an organism can "make a living" and survive in its niche

question

a predator is an animal that

answer

kills and eats other animals

question

a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits is

answer

parasitism

question

primary succession would most likely occur after

answer

a lava flow

question

which tow biomes have the least precipitation

answer

tundra and desert

question

the nutrient availability of aquatic ecosystems is the

answer

amount of nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements dissolved in the water

question

estuaries are commercially important because

answer

fish species that people buy and sell live in estuaries

question

if you know the range of a population, then you know

answer

the number of individuals that live in an area

question

which factor might not contribute to an exponential growth rate in a given population

answer

reduced resources

question

how are phases 1 and phase 2 of a logistic growth similar

answer

a population is increasing, moving toward its carrying capacity during both phases

question

sea otters live in the ocean, which of the following is not likely to be a limiting factor on the sea otter population

answer

drought

question

demographic transition is change form high birthrates and high death rates to

answer

low birthrates and low death rates

question

a developer wants to build a new housing development in or around a large city. Which of the following of plans would be least harmful to the environment

answer

building apartments at the site of an abandoned factory in the city

question

by preserving hot spots, ecologists hope to protect species in danger of extinction due to

answer

human activity

question

protecting an entire ecosystem ensures that

answer

interactions among many species will be preserved

question

the land and water ecosystems that provide the resources that a person uses and that neutralize that person's wastes is part of that person's

answer

ecological footprint

question

why would the procedure in figure 15-2 be performed

answer

to treat a genetic disease

question

one scientist who attempted to explain how rock formations, such as rock layers, form and change over time was

answer

James Hutton

question

Jame Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work was important to Darwin because these scientists

answer

suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred

question

what did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell

answer

gradual change operating over long periods of time can result in dramatic changes

question

the idea that events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by

answer

Thomas Malthus

question

when farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for

answer

natural variations that are present in a species

question

according to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment, Their survival is due to the

answer

possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness

question

each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur except

answer

population size is very large

question

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following except how

answer

inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring

question

similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of

answer

Hox genes

question

according to the Grants' investigation of Galapagos finches, what happened to the beaks of finches

answer

beaks became larger over many generations

question

which characteristic of Galapagos finches helped the grants show the results of natural selection

answer

the size and shape of their beaks

question

the number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends upon

answer

the number of genes that control the trait

question

compared to a polygenic trait, a single-trait tends to have

answer

fewer phenotypes

question

one end of figure 17-1 shows an increase in average beak size for a population of birds. When individuals at only one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is

answer

directional selection

question

figure 17-2 shows highest fitness toward the center of the curve. When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is

answer

stabilizing selection

question

genetic drift tends to occur in populations that

answer

are small

question

the type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called

answer

the founder effect

question

based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annulus and Papio cynocephalus do not belong the same

answer

species

question

systematics is

answer

the science of naming and grouping organisms

question

the only "natural" taxa in Linnaeus' system is the

answer

species

question

what do all organisms have in common

answer

they all use DNA to pass on information

question

DNA evidence

answer

can solve evolutionary puzzles, such as how to classify organisms that look similar to one species but share peculiar behaviors with another

question

all organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are

answer

eukaryotes

question

the Mesozoic Era occurred

answer

after Cenozoic Era

question

which of the following statements about the effect of early organisms on Earth's environment is true

answer

the first photosynthetic organisms caused Earth to cool as they converted carbon dioxide to oxygen

question

in figure 19-2 flowers and pollinating insects are examples of

answer

coevolution

question

proteinoid microspheres are tiny bubbles that resemble cells because they

answer

build proteins from amino acids

question

which of these facts about mitochondria and chloroplasts constitutes support for the endosymbiotic theory

answer

they are organelles theater found within plant cells

question

a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles is

answer

eukaryotic

question

the skeleton of a vertebrate is

answer

surrounded by a hard shell

question

one advantage of asexual reproduction is that animals can

answer

increase their numbers rapidly

question

a coelom is a body cavity

answer

partially lined with mesoderm

question

look at the illustration in figure 25-5. Which letter points to the endoderm

answer

D

question

look at the jellyfish in figure 25-6. How many planes of symmetry could you draw through this animal

answer

1

question

arms of primates and wings of birds are variations of

answer

forelimbs

question

paleontologists discover the fossil of an animal that lived 550 million years ago. This animal probably

answer

was flat and lived on the bottom of a shallow sea

question

the Cambrian Explosion resulted in the evolution of the first

answer

land animals

question

some of the fossil that have been found from before the Cambrian Explosion are embryos. This suggests that the organisms these fossils belong to

answer

reproduce sexually

question

Pikaia was an early

answer

chordate

question

which of the following paris of modern chordate groups are most closely related

answer

lampreys and ray-finned fishes

question

jaws and limbs are characteristics of

answer

all chordates

question

what does fossil evidence indicate about the order in which these three vertebrates evolved: a bony fish with a jaw, a jawless fish, and a dish with leg-like fins

answer

the fish with leg-like fins was the last to evolve

question

flexible digits, a large cerebrum, and arms that rotate at the shoulder are characteristics of

answer

primates

question

present day animals that belong to the earliest group of primates that evolved include

answer

the lemurs, which are nocturnal and have large eyes

question

suppose scientists could compare the DNA of modern humans from around the world with the DNA or Homo erectus populations from the humans' native households. If DNA samples from each modern human were found to be most similar to the Homo erectus DNA from their homeland, that finding would

answer

support the out-of-Africa model

question

a side-to-side movement of the jaws would be most useful in an animal that eats

answer

grass

question

look at the teeth in figure 27-1 the teeth in this skull are best suited for

answer

tearing meat

question

oxygen constantly diffuses from air or water into animal's bloodstream. For this to happen, the concentration of oxygen in the blood must be

answer

greater than the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air or water

question

which of the following animals has the body covering that allows for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

answer

flatworms

question

which of the following aquatic animals uses lungs to breathe

answer

dolphins

question

why is the double-loop circulation better for larger, more active animals than single-loop

answer

it is difficult for single pump to force blood through the entire system of a large animal

question

in vertebrates with a double-loop circulation as illustrated in figure 27-4, the loop that passes through the lungs is responsible for

answer

exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen from the air

question

the part of your brain that is responsible for you responding to this question is the

answer

cerebrum

question

the compound eyes of insects

answer

produce an image that is more detailed than what humans see

question

the hydrostatic feature of both endoskeletons and exoskeletons because

answer

joints provide flexibility and freedom of movement

question

external fertilization in chordates

answer

must take place in water

question

one difference between a nymph and a larva is that a nymph

answer

resembles an adult of the same species, but a larva does not

question

one difference between monotremes and other types of mammals is that

answer

monotremes secrete milk through the pores on the surface of the mother's abdomen

question

an animal's immune system must be able to tell the difference between

answer

body cells and pathogens

question

the system that helps all others maintain homeostasis by transporting oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide and wastes is the

answer

circulatory system

question

which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism

answer

endocrine system

question

an imbalance in blood glucose levels causes which of the following diseases

answer

diabetes

question

which structure in figure 30-1 uses muscle contractions to produce a churning motion that breaks up food

answer

D (stomach)

question

which structure in the kidneys' nephrons is mainly responsible for the filtration of the blood

answer

glomerulus

question

a patient is diagnosed with kidney failure and visits a clinic to receive dialysis treatments three times a week. What does the process of dialysis do

answer

filters waste from the blood

question

what is the function of the central nervous system

answer

to process information and form a response

question

when an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of

answer

neurotransmitters

question

the 31 major nerves that branch out from the spinal cord connecting it to the rest of the body are the

answer

spinal nerves

question

which type of sensory receptor is responsible for smell and taste

answer

chemoreceptor

question

the senses of smell and taste are similar because

answer

both rely on chemoreceptors

question

in figure 31-3, through which labeled structure does light first enter the eye

answer

5 (cornea)

question

an internal wooden frame is to a house as _____ to a body

answer

a skeleton

question

which diagram in figure 32-2 shows an example of a joint involved in lifting your arms above your head

answer

diagram A

question

what do ligaments hold together in a joint

answer

bones

question

why is cartilage important

answer

it acts as a cushion between bones and protects them as they move against each other

question

which of these is not a function of your skin

answer

holds the bones of the skeleton together

question

what do human hair and a parakeet's feathers have in common

answer

they both contain keratin

question

which of the following is not a potential sign of skin cancer

answer

a pimple that lasts more than 2 days

question

which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart

answer

arteries

question

in figure 33-1 what does step B show

answer

the clumping of platelets

question

into what substance is fibrinogen converted in step C of figure 33-1

answer

fibrin

question

swollen lymph nodes might indicate

answer

an infection

question

uncontrolled hypertension can lead to

answer

all of the above

question

the sudden death of brain cells when their blood supply is interrupted is called

answer

a stroke

question

because there is more oxygen in an alveolus than in the blood around it, oxygen diffuses

answer

from alveoli into capillaries

question

what body system has final control over breathing

answer

the nervous system

question

how does movement of the rib cage change air pressure in the chest cavity

answer

when the rib cage raises, a decrease in air pressure in the chest cavity causes air to rush into the lungs

question

a difference between steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones is that steroid hormones contain

answer

cholesterol

question

unlike non steroid hormones, steroid hormones

answer

bind to receptors inside target cell

question

in figure 34-1 structure E produces which of the following hormones when you're feeling stress about a big test

answer

epinephrine

question

puberty usually begins between the ages of

answer

9 to 15

question

which hormones stimulate the gonads to mature

answer

FSH and LH

question

immediately after what stage in figure 34-3 do the cell layers of the embryo begin to develop

answer

8

question

babies usually cry when they first meet the outside world. In what way is this crying helpful

answer

it rids the baby's lungs of fluid

question

how can you prevent the spread of Lyme disease

answer

avoid tall grasses and wooded areas

question

using figure 35-1 arrange the following statements in the correct order 1 - phagocytes engulf and destroy the bacteria that damage cells 2 - pathogens enter the body causing mast cells to release histamines increasing blood flow 3 - blood vessels expand. Fluid leaves the capillaries and causes swelling

answer

2, 3, 1

question

proteins that tag pathogens for destruction by immune cells are called

answer

antibodies

question

which step in figure 35-2 shows a virus being consumer by a cell

answer

1

question

which of the following are public health measures that have helped fight disease

answer

all of the above

question

vaccinations and other public health measures had eliminated which disease globally by 1980

answer

smallpox

question

in figure 35-3 about how many more 13-24 year olds were living with aids in 2006 than in 2002

answer

2,500

question

before completing the experiment in figure 1-3 the scientist made hypothesis she is testing

answer

if the temperature decreases, the bunnies fur will be black

question

use figure 1-5 to figure out how milliliter and cubic centimeter are related

answer

milliliters = cubic centimeters

question

based on figure 1-5, if you have 2 L of water, how many milliliters do you have

answer

2000 milliliters

question

compare the H+ ion concentrations of pure water and sea water, using the information in figure 2-5

answer

the difference between it is 1.5

question

according to figure 2-6, which enzyme would you expect to find in a bacterium growing in a hot spot

answer

Y

question

according to figure 2-6, what are the optimum temperatures for each enzyme

answer

x = 40 C y = 80 C

question

which biomes in figure 405 have a relatively stable amount of precipitation all year long

answer

temperate forest, tropical rain forest, desert, tundra

question

suppose that you want to build a farm on which to grow crops such as corn and soybeans. In which time in figure 4-5 would you place your farm

answer

temperate grassland and tropical grassland because the soil is fertile

question

describe some of the biotic and abiotic factors you might find a point A and in region B of figure 4-6

answer

point A: biotic - bears, elk, birds abiotic: mountain stream, waterfall stream

question

what type of population growth curve can be observed in graphs I and II of figure 5-5

answer

logistical

question

in figure 11-8 what is the structure labeled X in stage A

answer

chromosomes

question

in figure 11-8 in which stage does each cell have a single copy of each gene

answer

D

question

from which labeled structure in figure 13-9 is structure D made

answer

A - DNA

question

identify structure F in figure 13-9. What does it specify

answer

triple codon, alanine

question

in figure 13-9 what effect would the election of structure C have on the process that occurs during step Y

answer

frameshift mutation

question

in figure 14-12 what is the genotype or possible genotypes of the person whose blood is shown in slide 1

answer

AA or AO

question

wich animal in figure 15-5 is a clone

answer

lamb

question

which tow animals in figure 15-5 are genetically identical

answer

sheep A and the lamb

question

which of the tortoises shown in figure 16-2 has the longest neck

answer

hood island tortoises

question

is it likely that the dolphins would evolve into a land-dwelling species in a few thousands years

answer

yes, because they breathe in air

question

according to graph Ain figure 17-5 what has occurred

answer

directional selection

question

competition for resources plays a key role in natural selection. Describe one way that competition for food might have influenced the evolution of the large tree finch in figure 17-7

answer

there were different insects

question

do all organisms shown in figure 18-4 that belong to the order Carnivora also belong to the phylum Chordata

answer

yes, because the order carnivora is inside the phylum Chordata

question

which level of taxonomic category shown in figure 18-6 indicates whether an organism is mammal or not

answer

class

question

how many geologic periods are shown in figure 19-4 and which one is the earliest

answer

12 periods, earliest - Cambrian

question

use figure 19-5 to determine the approximate half-life of carbon-14

answer

5 thousand years

question

explain the steps of embryological development that are shown in structures A, B, and D. Does this series of steps illustrate the development of a protostome or a deuterostome

answer

1) blastula forms 2) blastopore forms blastula 3) blastopore forms the anus

question

figure 27-9 shows the three types of digestive systems found in animals. Which animals relies on intracellular digestion

answer

sponge

question

which animal in figure 27-9 has an organ designed to grind seeds? What is the organ

answer

bird; gizzard

question

figure 27-10 predict what happens to fish when water becomes slightly less salty

answer

the fish get bloated because if doesn't have homeostasis

question

are the circulatory systems shown in figure 27-11 open or closed

answer

closed, because the circulates through the whole body

question

in the system labeled Bin figure 27-11 where does oxygen-poor blood go after leaving the heart

answer

goes to lung and capillaries because damage will be done

question

which region of the brains shown in figure 28-9 is responsible for controlling the functioning of many internal organs

answer

medulla oblongata

question

why is it an advantage for birds and mammals to have a larger cerebellums than the others groups

answer

because we have bigger bodies and do more physical activity

question

which group does the smallest band of the pyramid represent in figure 30-6

answer

oils; too much can cause health issues

question

in figure 30-7, what structures are labeled B

answer

microvilli

question

referring to figure 31-9, how does structure B act as a switchboard in the body

answer

it controls our physical movement

question

identify structure E. how does it remodel and strengthen old bone

answer

compact bone; it builds the bone larger where the break was

question

use figure 32-7 to explain why a slight scratch will probably not bleed

answer

because A is thick skin that takes more to cut out

question

when you take a deep breathe, into which structures in figure 33-6 doe said move after leaving trachea, into what organ does the structure lead

answer

bronchi; lung

question

according to the table in figure 33-7, the percentage volume of which gas remains the same one exhaled air and air in alveoli

answer

H2O

question

based on figure 34-4 what happens as the level of thyroxine increases in the blood

answer

more TRH and less TSH

question

give an example of how the process in figure 34-4 would change in a person who has hyperthyroidism. What are some symptoms of this condition

answer

nervousness, elevated body temperature increased blood pressure and weight loss

question

on which dat or destine the cycle shown in figure 34-6 is fertilization most likely to occur

answer

day 14-18

question

predict the T cell concentration of an HIV-infected person at 1000 days after infection. Give a range for your answer

answer

the virus would be almost completely gone at day 1000

question

which of the following is not a principle of the cell theory

answer

very few cells are able to reproduce

question

which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus

answer

eukaryotes

question

which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in figure 7-1

answer

the cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus

question

which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton

answer

helps a cell keep its shape

question

which structures are involved in cell movement

answer

microtubules and microfilaments

question

which structures in the cell shown in figure 7-2 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

answer

structure C

question

which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are move convenient for the cell to use

answer

mitochondrion

question

which organelles are involved in energy conversion

answer

mitochondria and chloroplasts

question

the primary function of the cell wall is to

answer

support and protect the cell

question

unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is

answer

a rigid structure

question

which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell

answer

active transport

question

which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism

answer

homeostasis

question

which structures shown in figure 8-1 make up an ATP molecule

answer

C and D

question

organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called

answer

heterotrophs

question

in the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of

answer

oxygen

question

which of the following is not a step in the light-dependent reactions

answer

ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars

question

where are photosystems I and II found

answer

in the stroma

question

the Calvin Cycle is another name for the

answer

light-dependent reactions

question

if you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens

answer

the rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off

question

imagine that y-axis of each graph in figure 8-6 describes the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the graphs represents the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis

answer

C

question

imagine that y-axis of each graph in figure 8-6 describes the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the graphs represents the effect of light intensity on the ate of photosynthesis

answer

A

question

whites the correct equation for cellular respiration

answer

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

question

which of the followings high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain

answer

NADH and FADH2

question

the conversion of pyretic acid into lactic acid requires

answer

NADH

question

all of the following are problems that growth causes for cells except

answer

excess oxygen

question

compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble

answer

moving needed materials in and waste products out

question

the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

answer

cell division

question

an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction

answer

provides genetic diversity

question

during which phrase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen

answer

M phrase

question

cell division is represented in figure 10-3 by the letter

answer

D

question

the first phrase of mitosis is called

answer

prophase

question

why are stem cells important

answer

they have the potential to develop into other cell types

question

each pea plant gamete has many alleles for the height gene

answer

2

question

the different forms of a gene are called

answer

alleles

question

why did Thomas Hunt Morgan uses fruit flies in his studies

answer

fruit flies produce a large number of offspring

question

a breed of chicken shows codominance of feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be

answer

speckled

question

if an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

answer

6

question

what happened when Griffith injected mice with the harmless, R-strain bacteria alone

answer

the mouse lived

question

Griffith's experiments advanced the study of genetics by proving that

answer

there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another

question

based on Chargaff's rule the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around

answer

21.5%

question

Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by

answer

figuring out that DNA strands form a double helix

question

which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA

answer

Franklin

question

Watson and Crick discovered the two strands in DNA

answer

run in opposite directions

question

RNA contains the sugar

answer

ribose

question

what is produced during transcription

answer

RNA molecules

question

which of the following terms is least closely related to the others

answer

spindle fiber

question

most mutations

answer

have no effect on an organism

question

in E coil and lac operon controls the

answer

breakdown of lactose

question

according to figure 14-1 what is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female

answer

50%

question

which of the following statements is true

answer

females cannot have hemophilia

question

examine the pedigree in figure 14-3. The allele for the presence of a white forelock is dominant. What is the probability of the couple labeled 2 of having a child with a white forelock

answer

75%

question

sickle cell disease is caused by a

answer

change in one allele

question

the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called

answer

nondisjunction

question

because the X chromosomes contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born

answer

without an X chromosomes

question

the Human Genome Project is an attempt to

answer

sequence the DNA of every human gene

question

suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. the bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria

answer

they will live

question

why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies

answer

because they can be used to transform bacteria

question

which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms

answer

bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant

question

to produce transgenic bacteria that make insulin, which of the steps listed below would a scientist do first

answer

cut out the insulin gene from human DNA

question

what is the role of primers in PCR

answer

they create a place for DNA polymerase to start its work building new DNA strands

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