question

Which individual is MOST likely to have surgery to alter his or her genitals to live in a sex role with which he or she feels comfortable?

answer

Dominic, a transsexual

question

Manuel is equally as comfortable cooking and cleaning as he is working on his car. Marisol is equally as comfortable installing new plumbing as she is caring for her baby. Manuel and Marisol can be described as:

answer

androgynous.

question

Because Clarissa has no ovaries, when she enters puberty she never develops breasts, pubic hair, or other signs of maturation. She also never gains in height and she does not menstruate. Clarissa has a common disorder called:

answer

Turner syndrome.

question

The notion that men are aggressive and women are passive, that playing with dolls is for girls and playing with trucks is for boys, are examples of how we use:

answer

gender schemas.

question

Friends influence each other's behavior primarily by:

answer

granting or withholding approval.

question

Which of the following constitutes a traditional female sexual scripts?

answer

Men should now what women want.

question

The cornerstone of cognitive social learning theory is the belief that:

answer

consequences control behavior.

question

A cognitive development theorist and a cognitive social learning theorist will agree on many things. They will DISAGREE about:

answer

adults and children learning in the same way.

question

Jim works on cars, does all the mechanical work around his house but none of the cooking or cleaning, and enjoys teaching his sons to play football. These stereotypically masculine characteristics are determined by:

answer

culture.

question

When Terry was born, her grandmother evaluated her , and said, "She's a girl!" thereby announcing her .

answer

anatomical sex; assigned gender

question

Individuals who are born with something other than a "standard" male or female anatomy are called:

answer

intersexed.

question

Based on stereotypes about differences between men and women, women may discouraged from pursuing careers in engineering, and men may be discouraged from becoming nurses. This is a demonstration of:

answer

sexism.

question

The current belief about medical treatments, including gender assignment, for intersexed children is that:

answer

There is no one agreed upon standard of care.

question

Who is most likely to explore the ways that males and females make meaning of their experiences with their bodies, relationships, and sexual choices?

answer

Donald, a social construction theorist

question

After Mischa was born, the doctor said, "The baby has XY chromosomes, but appears to have a vulva rather than a penis." The doctor was referring to which type of sex for baby Mischa?

answer

both genetic and anatomical sex

question

Social science research about the importance of gender roles reflects the traditions of white, middle-class, heterosexual men in the United States.

answer

True

question

Even when math is taught by female instructors, girls who previously scored equal to or higher than boys on math tests show a downward spiral in test scores as they progress through school.

answer

False

question

Most people rarely question their sense of being female or male.

answer

True

question

The terms "intersexed" and "transsexual" are interchangeable.

answer

False

question

Gender, gender identity, and gender role are conceptually independent of sexual orientation.

answer

True

question

According to cognitive social learning theory, behavior is controlled by its consequences.

answer

True

question

Modern Hispanic American women have been liberated by the doctrine of marianismo, which creates progressive cultural norms for Hispanic women.

answer

False

question

A common female sex script is that men know what women want.

answer

False

question

The gender variance of children showing preferences for opposite sex behavioral patterns and interests have been similar over time and across cultures.

answer

True

question

The key difference between a transsexual person and a transgenderist is that the transgenderist does not wish to alter his or her genitals.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals diagnosed with Turner syndrome?

answer

small testes and penis

question

The transgendered community

answer

embraces the possibility of numerous genders and multiple social identities.

question

Recent research indicates that under stress males tend to pull away from others and females tend to seek closeness.

answer

True

question

____________________ is the gender given by others, usually at birth.

answer

Assigned gender

question

Individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia are genetic males with outwardly female appearances.

answer

False

question

When a child is born, someone evaluates his _________ and says, "It's a boy!" thereby announcing his _________.

answer

anatomical sex; assigned gender

question

When a person experiences unhappiness with their assigned gender, that person may be diagnosed as suffering from

answer

gender identity disorder.

question

Until children are 3 years old they identify themselves and others as "boys" or "girls" based on hairstyle, clothing, and other nonanatomical cues.

answer

True

question

According to gender theory,

answer

gender differences are created by society.

question

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and androgen insensitivity syndrome may

answer

be undetected at birth.

question

The Nguyen's dress their infant daughter in pink. Her little coveralls have lace decorations and her thin wispy hair is always adorned with a bow. What is the function of this constant announcing of the infant's assigned gender?

answer

It signals how others should treat and respond to the infant.

question

In some East African societies, at about the age of seven, boys

answer

are circumcised, to "make him a man."

question

The traditional White female gender role centers on all of the following EXCEPT

answer

women as equal providers in the marriage.

question

The assignment of gender usually occurs at birth and is usually based on

answer

appearance.

question

The social characteristics of femininity or masculinity make up one's

answer

gender.

question

In stereotypical thinking, men embody the trait of __________, whereas women embody __________.

answer

instrumentality; expressiveness

question

By the age of ____ we internalize and identify with our gender.

answer

2

question

A gender schema is a way of categorizing the world according to gender.

answer

True

question

Female sexual scripts dictate that women should have intimate knowledge of the functioning of their own bodies.

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements is NOT included in contemporary sexual scripts?

answer

The male is primarily responsible for sexual fulfillment.

question

A person who expresses emotions and is confident, aggressive, tender, and caring could be described as

answer

androgynous.

question

All of the following are associated with the traditional masculine gender role EXCEPT

answer

communication.

question

Deviations in gender behavior are now being referred to as gender __________

answer

variations.

question

A significant difference between the Black female gender role and the White female gender role is that African American

answer

men are more supportive of egalitarian gender roles for men and women.

question

A child with DHT deficiency begins life with a female appearance but at puberty acquires the sexual characteristics of a male.

answer

True

question

Social learning theory suggests that gender roles are acquired largely through rewards, punishments, and modeling.

answer

True

question

Lorgen is playing with her dolls. Her mother compliments her on how nicely she has dressed them. This makes Lorgen more interested in her dolls and in hairstyling. Which theory does this exemplify?

answer

cognitive social learning

question

Han believes that all men are assertive and all women are submissive. He believes that only women can be sensitive to the needs of other people, whereas men should be, and are, insensitive to such needs. In other words, Han believes that

answer

men and women possess polar opposite traits.

question

Beliefs such as "women are poor drivers," "men want to dominate others," or "women are more detail-oriented," are examples of

answer

gender-role stereotypes.

question

A rigid belief about how men and women are different or how they should behave is called gender rigidity.

answer

False

question

In general, lesbians

answer

describe themselves as less feminine than straight women on a number of traits.

question

A chromosomal error affecting females who are born not XX and not XY is called

answer

Turner syndrome.

question

Which of the following is NOT an element of the traditional female sexual script?

answer

Men have to be taught to love.

question

Until the age of three children identify boys and girls by

answer

hairstyles or clothing.

question

Gender theory emphasizes the rewards, punishments, and modeling processes that go into learning appropriate gender roles.

answer

False

question

Vanessa's parents are African American. Most likely, they will socialize her to be

answer

more independent than girls raised in traditional White households.

question

A major problem with gender-role stereotypes is that they

answer

are false and misleading both for the individual and the whole group.

question

At the age of two, children think that gender is

answer

changeable.

question

In our culture, women's clothing is designed to

answer

emphasize secondary sex characteristics such as breasts, shapely legs, and hips.

question

During a play period at an elementary school, Ms. Yomogida sends the boys to the football field while she leads the girls in ballet. This is an example of how teachers

answer

serve as agents of traditional gender-role socialization.

question

Which of the following best defines the term transsexual?

answer

a person who feels that his/her gender identity and sexual anatomy are not compatible

question

Steve is an adolescent who has many feminine mannerisms and prefers activities that most people in his culture consider feminine. According to your text, the term that best describes this is

answer

gender variation.

question

Gender identify disorder refers to a lack of gender identity.

answer

False

question

Masculinity and femininity are often viewed as polar opposites.

answer

True

question

How are sexual orientation and gender identity related to each other?

answer

They are conceptually independent of each other.

question

Tyson and Laurie like to play house. Every time they play, Laurie scolds Tyson for the pretend messes he makes and ridicules him for not knowing how to set the table. He is not allowed to hold her doll except under her watchful eye. According to social learning theory, these roles are

answer

learned through observation and imitation.

question

Robyn has no ovaries, but her external genitals are those of a normal female. As she grows up, her body remains short, she does not develop a mature feminine physique, and she does not menstruate. Robyn most likely has

answer

Turner syndrome.

question

Low-cut blouses, shoulder pads in business suits, lipstick, and crew cuts are all

answer

culturally prescribed clues to recognizing a person's gender.

question

Klinefelter "males" are sometimes sterile.

answer

False

question

A condition in which the opening of the penis is located somewhere on the underside, glans, shaft, or the junction of the scrotum is called

answer

hypospadias.

question

The behaviors and attitudes which one is supposed to demonstrate, based on being male or female in a culture, make up one's

answer

gender role.

question

The belief that all females possess psychological and behavioral traits distinct from all males

answer

is stereotypical thinking.

question

In some cultures, the instilling of a male gender identity doesn't occur until a ritual or ceremony is performed, often not until middle childhood. This is a reflection of the belief in

answer

a latent female identity among males.

question

In some East African societies a male child is referred to as a

answer

woman-child.

question

Which of the following is NOT associated with the male sexual script?

answer

Love and sex are inseparable.

question

In most human cultures, gender is primarily identified through social and cultural characteristics.

answer

True

question

In Western culture, men embody _______________ and women embody ________________.

answer

instrumentality; expressiveness

question

By the age of _________, children have fixed ideas about adult roles and careers.

answer

4 or 5

question

____________________ refers to what physical structures a person has, such as gonads, uterus, vulva, vagina, penis, etc.

answer

Anatomical sex

question

According to cognitive social learning theory, we learn attitudes and behaviors as a result of

answer

social interactions with others.

question

Cognitive developmental theory asserts that children begin to understand that gender is permanent at approximately _______ years of age.

answer

6-7

question

Our gender role is the gender we feel ourselves to be.

answer

False

question

Children who watch television tend to be exposed to __________ gender-role views.

answer

stereotyped

question

The reason our culture associates male homosexuality with femininity is most likely

answer

the belief that male heterosexuality is a critical component of masculinity.

question

The phenomenon of modeling is usually associated with the

answer

cognitive social learning theory.

question

Among transsexuals, male-to-female surgeries outnumber female-to-male 5:1.

answer

True

question

_________ refers to whether one is biologically female or male.

answer

Sex

question

A person who lives full-time in a gender role opposite to the gender role presumed by society to match the person's genetic sex is described as a

answer

transgenderist.

question

By the age of two, children identify their gender and the gender of others based on

answer

hair styles and clothing.

question

What percentage of conceptions have chromosomal abnormalities?

answer

25%

question

Gender wisdom is made up of the attitudes, behaviors, rights, and responsibilities that society associates with each sex.

answer

False

question

The concept of androgyny has been criticized for

answer

creating a new, potentially rigid prescription to be both masculine and feminine.

question

For most people, anatomical sex, gender identity, and assigned gender

answer

are congruent.

question

Biology creates males and females; culture creates

answer

masculinity and femininity.

question

As a child, Sandra observed that even though both her parents were employed, her mother served all family members their dinner. She noticed that her mother did all sorts of "little things" to please family members. She saw that although her father took the children to doctors, dentists, etc., it was her mother who made and kept track of these appointments. As an adult, Sandra incorporated all these behaviors into her own family life. This example supports the ideas of the

answer

cognitive social learning theory.

question

While walking through the toy store with her 1-year-old son, Marissa stops and points out the baseballs, shows her son guns and trucks, and walks quickly past the Barbie dolls. This aspect of parental gender socialization is called

answer

channeling.

question

A genetic male may have normal internal male organs but also have a clitoris-like penis, undescended testes, a labia-like scrotum, and a closed vaginal cavity. This condition is most likely caused by

answer

a DHT deficiency.

question

The current position of the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding sexual ambiguities is that

answer

a definitive diagnosis and treatment plan should be made as soon as possible.

question

Which of the following is NOT associated with the male sexual script?

answer

Love and sex are inseparable.

Biology of Human Sexuality: Chapter 5 – Flashcards

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