question

th process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities

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taxonomy

question

a Swedish naturalist who devised a simple, practical method of classification

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Carolus Linnaeus

question

an English clergyman who devoted much of his time to natural studies and became very well known for his work with plants

answer

John Ray

question

In the system, all living things are grouped into main divisions called ________

answer

Kingdoms

question

List the seven classifications used to further divide each kingdom into a few main groups

answer

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

question

Name the two languages that Linnaeus used for the binomial system of nomenclature

answer

Latin and Latinized Greek

question

Linnaeus' system for assigning a scientific name

answer

binomial system of nomenclature

question

What are the two kingdoms that have been traditionally recognized since Linnaeus's time?

answer

genus and species

question

Eager to apply Darwin's evolutionary ideas, scientists began to devise a host of _______ evolutionary relationships

answer

hypothetical

question

all organisms are placed into one of three large _____

answer

domains

question

phylum that is made up of angiosperms

answer

anthophyta

question

Tracheophytes

answer

vascular plants

question

Two groups of vascular plants

answer

seed and nonseed plants

question

plants that don't have any vascular tissue-xylem and phloem

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nonvascular plants

question

plants that do not produce flowers, but do produce seeds

answer

gymosperms

question

cone-bearing gymnosperms

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conifers

question

process in which involves both asexual and sexual stages

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alternation of generations

question

pollen-producing cones

answer

staminate cones

question

seed-producing cones

answer

ovulate cones

question

tiny, one-celled reproductive structures

answer

Spores

question

brownish dots that grow on ferns

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sori

question

large leaves that grow upward by unrolling from "fiddleheads"

answer

fronds

question

underground stems

answer

rhizomes

question

creeping vascular plants with erect stems that bear sportes in club-shaped, conlie structures

answer

club mosses

question

a typical club moss with horizontal stems which trail along the ground or grow just below the surface

answer

Lycopodium

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vascular plants with unique low jointed stems and very small leaves present only at the joints

answer

horsetails

question

nonvascuclar plants that lack xylem and phloem

answer

mosses

question

literally means "mosslike plants"

answer

bryophytes

question

hairlike threads on moss which grow into the soil to absorb water and minerals

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rhizoids

question

a large, branching type of swamp-dwelling moss

answer

peat moss

question

a compressed accumulation of various partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marshes

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peat

question

nonvascular plants, that lack true leaves, roots, and stems and grow along the surface of the soil, attached by rhizoids

answer

liverworts

question

the smallest of the green, chlorophyll-containing organisms

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algae

question

the major producers of ood in aquatic environments

answer

algae

question

microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms

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plankton

question

single-celled algae clump together in differently sized and shaped groups called _______

answer

colonies

question

hairlike structures that join cells forming a long chain

answer

filaments

question

whiplike structures that allow locomotion

answer

flagella

question

eyespot

answer

stigma

question

unicellular green alga; one of the most important green algaebecause it has been widely used in the study of photosynthesis

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chlorella

question

large group of freshwater green algae

answer

desmids

question

unicellular algae which live in colonies of hundreds or thousands of individual cells

answer

volvox

question

a special type of anchoring cell which attaches filaments to rocks

answer

holdfast

question

cells of filamentous algae that contain one or more ribbonlike chloroplasts arranged in a spiral

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spirogyra

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the most numerous and most interesting of yellow algae

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diatoms

question

hard substance in sand and glass

answer

silica

question

two equal halves that make up the cell wall

answer

valves

question

layers of the shells of diatoms accumulate and become pack together to form layers called ________ _______

answer

diatomaceous earth

question

large saltwater algae

answer

seaweeds

question

the largest of the brown algae

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kelps

question

a gummy substance derived from kelp, it can hold several different liquids together in an emulsion

answer

algin

question

a type of brown algae, that attach to rocks along the seashore by means of holdfasts

answer

rockweeds

question

east of Florida is a large mass of floating _______. (of the genus Sargassum) (which give the sargasso sea in the Atlantic Ocean its name)

answer

gulfweeds

question

commonly known as irish moss, a gelatinous substance used in many food products

answer

Carrageenan

question

the gelling agent which laboratories use as a culture medium for growing bacteria

answer

agar

question

species of red algae that are edible

answer

dulse

question

Japanese name for edible algae

answer

nori

question

blue-green algae are referred to as this because of their bluish appearance

answer

cyanobacteria

question

a genus of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria whose cells look like tiny beads or barrels

answer

anabaena

question

microscopic, one-celled aquatic organisms found in both fresh water and salt water

answer

dinoflagellates

question

occurs when a dinoflagellate "blooms," or gows so rapidly that the water is tinged with a pinkish color.

answer

"red tide"

question

nonvascular plants without chlorophyll that are dependent upon other organisms for food

answer

fungi

question

term that refers to organisms that manufacture their own food

answer

autotrophs

question

term that refers to organisms that must obtain their food from sources outside themselves

answer

heterotrophs

question

term that means organisms obtain their nutrition from dead organisms

answer

saprophytes

question

the body of fungus

answer

hyphae

question

the main body of the fungus

answer

mycelium

question

scientists which study fungi

answer

mycologists

question

microscopic club-shaped structures

answer

basidia

question

spore-forming structure

answer

fruiting body

question

the fruiting body contains many of these that radiate from the stalk like spokes on a wheel

answer

gills

question

often found growing on trees or rotting logs

answer

bracket (or shelf)

question

parasitic club fungi

answer

rusts

question

an organism that lives on or in another living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism

answer

parasite

question

term which means that they must have two hosts in order to complete their life cycle

answer

alternate parasites

question

rust that feeds on wheat and the barberry bush

answer

wheat rust

question

produce masses of black spores on their hosts

answer

smuts

question

often attack the tassels and ears of corn plants, where large, shiny blisters are then formed

answer

corn smuts

question

fungi with saclike spore-producing structures

answer

sac fungi

question

a well-known sac fungus, a small, colorless, single celled organism which feeds on foods containing sugar

answer

yeasts

question

grow on wet clothes and shower stalls

answer

mildews

question

jellylike organisms often seen on the bark of fallen trees

answer

slime mold

question

cyanobacterium colony that lives together in a close relationship that combines the two organisms into a single unit called __________

answer

lichen

question

cavity which contains the brain

answer

cranial cavity

question

cavity which holds the spinal cord

answer

spinal cavity

question

cavity which holds the heart, lungs, esphagus, windpipe, thymus gland, and aorta

answer

thoracic cavity

question

cavity which contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder, small intestine, large intestine, and the reproductive organs

answer

abdominal cavity

question

all the soft, internal organs within the toratic and abdominal cavaties, are called ______ _____

answer

visceral organs

question

a group of structures which function together as a unit

answer

system

question

tube that includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and rectum

answer

alimentary canal

question

chemical "messengers"

answer

hormones

question

glands by which hormones are secreted

answer

endocrine glands

question

muscular organ in the mother's abdomen, where the child takes place

answer

uterus

question

a group of similar cells which work together to accomplish the task of an organ

answer

tissue

question

fluid surrounding and between tissues

answer

interstitial fluid

question

the material surrounding cells

answer

matrix

question

organs serving no useful purpose today

answer

vestigal organ

question

the forty-week period of development before birth

answer

gestation

question

membrane the child is protected by during gestation

answer

amniotic sac

question

sac of blood vessels in the mother's womb

answer

placenta

question

three vessels which attaches the placenta to the developing child

answer

umbilical cord

question

the killing of unborn babies

answer

abortion

question

list the eleven body systems

answer

Circulatory, Immune, Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory, Nervous, Endocrine, Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Reproductive

question

four basic types of tissue

answer

epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

question

four types of membranes

answer

Serous, Mucous, Cutaneous, Synovial

Biology God’s Living Creation Chapters 1-7

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