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Biology Exam Connect Questions – Flashcards

Jay Barber

7 July 2022

question

Order these major taxonomic categories into an increasingly inclusive hierarchy. genus, species, class, order, family, domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus, species, kingdom, phylum, domain domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

answer

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

question

Which of the following features would be used to construct a phylogenic tree? homologous structures fossil record data DNA-DNA hybridization amino acid sequences All of the above.

answer

All of the above.

question

Of the five kingdoms in Whittaker's classification system, which do most biologists continue to recognize? Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi Monera, Plantae, and Animalia Protista, Fungi, and Plantae Fungi, Protista, and Animalia

answer

Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi

question

Which kingdom or supergroup is characterized by organisms that are heterotrophic by ingestion? Protists Plant Animal Fungi

answer

Animal

question

Whittaker's classification included Kingdom Monera, which included all prokaryotes. Why is this classification obsolete? Based on fossil evidence, this group has been divided into three newly named kingdoms. Based on molecular data, Monera has been divided into the two distinct domains, Archaea and Bacteria. The prokaryotes, which were included in this kingdom, are now included in Protista. This kingdom now includes more organisms, so the name has been changed.

answer

Based on molecular data, Monera has been divided into the two distinct domains, Archaea and Bacteria.

question

The scientific name of the giant swallowtail is Heraclides cresphontes. Therefore, it belongs to the genus Heraclides. it belongs to the species cresphontes. the specific epithet is cresphontes. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

The northern copperhead is Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix, the southern copperhead is Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, and the cottonmouth is Agkistrodon piscivorous. Therefore, the copperheads are subspecies and the cottonmouth is a separate species. they are all the same species. all are subspecies of Agkistrodon. they are three distinct species.

answer

the copperheads are subspecies and the cottonmouth is a separate species.

question

Nonscientists often use the words ''name," ''identify," and ''classify" interchangeably. When they want to know what an organism is, they may ask "Can you name this?" or "Can you identify this?" or "Can you classify this?" Which of the following is/are correct usage(s) of the term(s)? Only the scientist who first describes a new species actually names it. Classifying is grouping, and to classify something requires several organisms so you can group one as closer to a second and distant from a third. A crop scout on a farm using a key to detect pest insect species is identifying insects but not naming or necessarily classifying them. A scientist who publishes the name and description of a new species must necessarily also know both how to identify and classify the species. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

If a phylogeny is based on the natural evolution of organisms, it could explain the variations among fossils from rock strata. explain why there are similarities and differences among modern living groups. reflect patterns of shared and unique sections of DNA among groups of animals. help predict where unresearched features will be in common, such as how widely a medicine will be effective among animals. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

In cladistics, _______________ is(are) the primary criterion used to classify organisms. ecological niche common ancestry mating behavior observable traits All of the above.

answer

common ancestry

question

Character traits are used to distinguish one group from another and may include comparative anatomy and development. the fossil record. molecular data. They may include any of these choices. B and D only.

answer

They may include any of these choices.

question

The Greek root words for "branch" and "picture" form the biological term cladogram. taxonomy. systematics. binomial nomenclature. phenogram.

answer

cladogram

question

A(n) _______ is one that is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group. clade analogous structure shared derived character divergence shared ancestral character

answer

shared ancestral character

question

Hair is a character shared by all mammals, but not found in their ancestral lineage. Hair is therefore considered to be a(n) clade. shared ancestral character (trait). shared derived character (trait). analogous structure. A and E only.

answer

shared derived character (trait).

question

A study of echinoderm embryos, such as sea stars, confirms a similar developmental pattern to that of vertebrates. In both, the blastopore becomes the anus. This would be considered convergent evolution. synapomorphy. behavioral data. homology. analogy.

answer

homology

question

The amino acid sequences in cytochrome c were determined for chickens, ducks, and humans. Scientists found a difference of 3 amino acids between chickens and ducks, but between chickens and humans there were 13 differences. One may conclude that chickens are as closely related to humans as they are to ducks. chickens are more closely related to ducks than they are to humans. chickens are more closely related to humans than they are to ducks. None of the above.

answer

chickens are more closely related to ducks than they are to humans.

question

The use of a molecular clock may be used to indicate relatedness and evolutionary time if nucleic acid changes are neutral and not tied to adaptation. if nucleic acid changes occur at a fairly constant rate. but still needs to be calibrated with the fossil record. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

Which of the following statements about taxonomy is NOT true? Analogous structures are derived from a common ancestral structure to perform the same function. Homologous structures are derived from a single structure in the ancestor, although they may be adapted to different uses in the descendent species (e.g., a dog's foreleg and a human's arm). In cladistics, a common ancestor and all its descendents that share one or more derived traits are placed in a single clade. Biochemical data and the fossil record can be used independently to indicate the length of time since two species diverged from a common ancestor.

answer

Analogous structures are derived from a common ancestral structure to perform the same function.

question

Scientists are involved in a debate over changes in the classification of Kingdom Protista. These changes include doing away with the kingdom classification and placing current protists into a new domain. two new domains. five new supergroups. three different phyla. None of the above.

answer

five new supergroups.

question

Which of the following best represents analogous structures? the arm of a human and the wing of a bat the arm of a human and the leg of a human the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bee

answer

the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly

question

Early biologists referred to animals as ''simple" and ''advanced," but now it is more accurate to use the following terms: ''evolved" and ''un-evolved," since everything ties together with evolution. ''primitive" and ''derived," since some early forms became very complex and some evolved forms are derived from them but lost characters and are simple. ''simple" and ''complex," since anatomy terms are more exact. "generalists" and ''specialists," since this is how biologists classify characters. ''allopatric" and ''sympatric," since the species is most important.

answer

''primitive" and ''derived," since some early forms became very complex and some evolved forms are derived from them but lost characters and are simple.

question

The evolution of organisms in the three domains and four kingdoms is most accurately described by which sequence? Prokaryotes to Protists, separately to Animals and Plants with Fungi a loss of plant photosynthesis Prokaryotes to Protists to Plants, from Plants separately to both Animals and Fungi Prokaryotes to Protists, from Protists separately to Fungi, Plants, and Animals Prokaryotes to Fungi to Protists to Plants to Animals Protists to Prokaryotes to Fungi, from Fungi separately to Plants and Animals

answer

Prokaryotes to Protists, from Protists separately to Fungi, Plants, and Animals

question

When comparing archaea with bacteria both archaea and bacteria are easily cultured and studied in the laboratory. the chemical nature of the cell wall of archaea and bacteria is identical and shows their early relationship. bacteria are not very diverse and are limited in distribution, while archaea are far more diverse and found everywhere. the archaea and bacteria are cases of reduction in traits and are both derived from early eukarya. None of the choices are true.

answer

None of the choices are true.

question

A recent book by a reputable biologist suggests there is a deep, hot biosphere under the Earth's crust that may have more biomass than all life at the Earth's surface. This would primarily rely on what organisms? viruses thermoacidophilic archaea primitive animals primitive heat-loving plants fungi living on the detritus from above

answer

thermoacidophilic archaea

question

Taxonomy is the branch of biology dealing with the naming, identification, and classification of organisms. uses a binomial system developed by Linnaeus. uses reproductive isolation as the basis of definition of a species. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

All of the following are true regarding systematics EXCEPT that it is the study of the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization. is the specific study of identification, naming, and classification of organisms. utilizes protein, DNA, and RNA comparisons to determine relatedness of individuals. relies on data from the fossil record, homology, and molecular data.

answer

is the specific study of identification, naming, and classification of organisms.

question

Single celled eukaryotic cells belong to which of the following kingdoms? Animalia Protista Fungi Plantae

answer

Protista

question

Phylogenetic trees with proportional branch lengths indicate relatedness among organisms and evolutionary time. indicate the relative number of nucleotide pair differences between groups. are constructed by comparing DNA sequences of homologous genes and calibrating this molecular clock with the fossil record. All of the above are true. A and C only.

answer

All of the above are true.

question

Which kingdom is correctly described? Protista: unicellular and heterotrophic only Animalia: multicellular and heterotrophic by absorption Fungi: multicellular and heterotrophic by ingestion Plantae: multicellular and photoautotrophic

answer

Plantae: multicellular and photoautotrophic

question

If you were using cladistics to construct a phylogenetic tree of birds, what is the best outgroup? bats eagles robins eastern bluebirds

answer

bats

question

Which of these is the best description of a virus? a noncellular living organism a member of the kingdom Virusae one of the smallest bacteria known a cell at the boundary between living and nonliving things chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein shell

answer

chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein shell

question

Pasteur chose the Latin root word for "virus" meaning poison. particle. extremely small. contagious. non-living.

answer

poison.

question

Which of the following could be used to grow viruses in the laboratory? chicken eggs cell culture bacteria All of the choices could be used.

answer

All of the choices could be used.

question

Ivanowsky first recognized that something smaller than a bacterium, called a filterable virus, was able to cause disease in the year 1650. 1700. 1892. 2001. 1965.

answer

1892.

question

The innermost portion of a virus' structure is made up of both DNA and RNA. either DNA or RNA. a membranous envelope. a protein capsid. spikes.

answer

either DNA or RNA.

question

Influenza strains that sweep around the world often carry names such as Shanghai H1N1 or Mexico City H2N2. The viruses vary in H and N surface proteins because the viruses reproduce and attack people in cities more often. when infected people develop immunity to the present virus, strains that mutate sufficiently to be outside the range of immunity are soon spread in highly populated areas. this is where the antibodies of immune people began to break down and the old virus was again virulent. these viruses emerged as stray DNA from the genomes of people in these cities.

answer

when infected people develop immunity to the present virus, strains that mutate sufficiently to be outside the range of immunity are soon spread in highly populated areas.

question

If a virus is latent, it has not entered a lytic cycle. has not entered a lysogenic cycle. is gaining a new envelope via "budding." is easy to develop immunity against it. cannot be a retrovirus.

answer

has not entered a lytic cycle.

question

Some, but not all, virus capsids are surrounded by _________. a protein capsid a membranous envelope either DNA or RNA both DNA and RNA a protein spore coat

answer

a membranous envelope

question

In order to infect a cell, a virus must have a special protein on its surface that can interact with a protein on the surface of the host cell. actively burrow through the cell wall or cell membrane of the host cell to reach the cell's nucleus. inject its protein into the cell while the nucleic acid remains attached to the host cell surface. produce a special extension of its cytoplasm when it comes into contact with the appropriate host cell.

answer

have a special protein on its surface that can interact with a protein on the surface of the host cell.

question

The cycle of viral infection of a bacterial cell that will cause its death most rapidly is called the _______ cycle. lysozyme lysosome lysol lytic lysogenic

answer

lytic

question

The cycle of viral infection in which the viral DNA is integrated into the bacterial DNA is called the _______ cycle. lysosome lysol lysogenic lysozyme lytic

answer

lysogenic

question

Which statement is NOT true about a retrovirus? It may cause cancer or AIDS. It has the capacity to integrate cDNA into the host DNA of the cell it infects. It contains reverse transcriptase. It remains in the host cell genome, but is not replicated when host DNA is replicated.

answer

It remains in the host cell genome, but is not replicated when host DNA is replicated.

question

An enveloped virus enters a host cell by injecting its DNA or RNA into the host cell. fusion of its envelope with the host cell's plasma envelope. endocytosis. Any of the above choices are correct. B and C only are correct.

answer

fusion of its envelope with the host cell's plasma envelope.

question

What is the correct sequence of events in the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection? Attachment, Viral DNA penetration into host cell, Integration of viral DNA into host cell DNA, Biosythesis, Maturation, Release Attachment, Viral DNA penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation and Release Attachment, Fusion of envelope and host cell membrane, Biosynthesis, Maturation, and Release Endocytosis of virion, Uncoating, Maturation, and Release

answer

Attachment, Viral DNA penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation and Release

question

Which of the following is not a viral disease? West Nile Encephalitis AIDS tetanus Ebola Hemorrhagic fever

answer

tetanus

question

Viruses are categorized according to all of the following EXCEPT their type of nucleic acid. size and shape. the presence of absence of an envelope. their method of reproduction, whether asexual or sexual.

answer

their method of reproduction, whether asexual or sexual.

question

A circular piece of RNA that interrupts the normal regulatory systems in plants, thereby causing disease is a prion. plant virus. viroid. bacterium.

answer

viroid.

question

Which of the following characterize prions? Prions are proteinaceous infectious particles. Prions cause TSEs, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Prions are misshapen proteins that may interact with a normal prion protein to change its shape. All of the choices are correct. A and B only.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

All of the following are means of genetic recombination in prokaryotes EXCEPT transduction. crossing over. conjugation. transformation.

answer

crossing over.

question

Bacterial cells pick up free pieces of DNA that were secreted by live bacteria or released from dead bacteria in their environment. This process is called replication. transduction. infection. conjugation. transformation.

answer

transformation.

question

Bacteriophages carry portions of bacterial DNA from one cell to another in a process called replication. transformation. infection. conjugation. transduction.

answer

transduction.

question

Which statement is true about prokaryotes? They do not divide by mitosis. They usually lack a cell wall. They contain a nucleus. They lack ribosomes. They contain a single circular DNA molecule as the genetic material.

answer

They do not divide by mitosis.

question

Prokaryotes generally range in size from 1-10 µm. 50-100nm 10-400 nm. 20-300 mm. 10-100 µm.

answer

1-10 µm.

question

When conditions are unfavorable, some Gram positive bacteria form endospores. capsules. pili. galls thylakoids.

answer

endospores

question

Which of these diseases could NOT be treated with antibiotics? chlamydia scarlet fever plague influenza

answer

influenza

question

Similarities between the archaea and eukarya include same ribosomal proteins. similar tRNA. similar initiation of transcription. All of the choices are correct similarities. A and B only.

answer

All of the choices are correct similarities.

question

Prokaryotes are now divided into the bacteria and cyanobacteria. autotrophs and heterotrophs. archaea and cyanobacteria. archaea and bacteria. photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria.

answer

archaea and bacteria.

question

All of the following are true of methanogens EXCEPT they produce methane from CO2 and H2. they live in the intestinal tracts of cows, humans, and termites. they are harmful human pathogens. they live in swamps and marshes. their biogas may contribute to global warming.

answer

they are harmful human pathogens.

question

Which of the following is a mismatch? methanogens - prefer anaerobic environments thermophiles - live in extremely cold temperatures. thermoacidophiles - live in high temperatures and acidic environments halophiles - live in high salt environments

answer

thermophiles - live in extremely cold temperatures.

question

Chemoautotrophs oxidize which of the following to obtain the energy necessary to reduce carbon dioxide to an organic compound? hydrogen gas hydrogen sulfide ammonia All of the above choices are correct. A and C only.

answer

All of the above choices are correct.

question

Halophiles require a high salt environment. have a chloride pump that pumps chloride into the cell. may be chemoheterotrophs or photosynthetic. All of the above choices are correct. A and C only are correct.

answer

All of the above choices are correct.

question

This bioterrorist agent was sent through the mail and inhaled to produce illness and death in five people. It produces endospores and is called Staphylococcus aureus. Clostridium tetani. Bacillus anthracis. Vibrio cholera.

answer

Bacillus anthracis.

question

Which of the following characteristics about saprotrophs is NOT true? Saprotrophs are also called decomposers. They are viruses that infect plant and fungal cells. They are ecologically important in recycling matter. They are bacteria that decompose large organic molecules.

answer

They are viruses that infect plant and fungal cells.

question

The most widely accepted formal classification of protists assigns them to the kingdom Protista. six different supergroups. Domain Archaea. A and C are correct.

answer

six different supergroups.

question

Which of the characteristic(s) apply to the Supergroup Archaeplastida? They contain plastids that originated from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. They include multicellular and unicellular organisms. They include land plants and the green algae, Chlorophyta. All of the above apply. A and B only.

answer

All of the above apply.

question

Which disease is mismatched with the incorrect causative agent? fish ick - a ciliate malaria - an amebozoan African sleeping sickness - a trypanosome fish kills - dinoflagellate

answer

malaria - an amebozoan

question

_________ is a mixotrophic protozoan that is able to combine autotrophic and heterotrophic nutritional modes. Amoeba Euglena Giardia Plasmodium

answer

Euglena

question

Which protistan structure is not correctly matched with its function? trichocyst - defense and capture of prey pyrenoid - synthesis of starch pseudopodia - movement and feeding cyst - a reproductive structure

answer

cyst - a reproductive structure

question

Which is NOT part of the correct description of a protozoan? eukaryotic usually motile heterotrophic multicellular

answer

multicellular

question

The various forms of algae are NOT considered plants because they are not multicellular. lack strengthened cell walls. never have specialized tissues. lack plant structures such as true roots, stems, and leaves. All of the choices are differences that separate the algae from plants.

answer

lack plant structures such as true roots, stems, and leaves.

question

Plankton are multicellular, macroscopic brown algae. parasitic protozoans that cause human disease. freshwater or marine organisms that are suspended on or near the surface of water. organisms that are found living on or near the ocean floor.

answer

freshwater or marine organisms that are suspended on or near the surface of water.

question

Which protist is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement it shows? amoeboids—pseudopodia sporozoan—flexing the pellicle ciliates-—cilia zooflagellates—flagella

answer

sporozoan—flexing the pellicle

question

Protist reproduction is always asexual fission. may be asexual or any of these sexual cycles. is always sexual with the adult haploid. is always sexual with alternation of haploid and diploid generations. is always sexual with the adult diploid.

answer

may be asexual or any of these sexual cycles.

question

Which of the following alga is mismatched with its description? Ulva—multicellular Chara—multicellular Volvox—filamentous Chlamydomonas—unicellular

answer

Volvox—filamentous

question

DNA sequencing suggests that among the green algae, the __________ are most closely related to land plants. Volvox Chara Ulva Chlamydomonas Spirogyra

answer

Chara

question

A certain type of this algae has cell walls impregnated with calcium carbonate and helps to build coral reefs. multicellular green algae brown algae dinoflagellates diatoms red algae

answer

red algae

question

"Red tides" are produced by massive blooms of multicellular green algae. dinoflagellates. brown algae. red algae. diatoms.

answer

dinoflagellates.

question

The main function of the contractile vacuole is synthesis of carbohydrate. resistance for survival during winter and times of drought. eliminating excess water. to be a photoreceptor to detect light. chlorophyll production.

answer

eliminating excess water.

question

The deposits of chalky fossils that built the White Cliffs of Dover were formed by foraminiferans. ciliates. diatoms (as diatomaceous earth). radiolaria. dinoflagellates.

answer

foraminiferans

question

Supergroup Opisthokinta includes all of the following organisms EXCEPT plants. choanoflagellates. fungi. animals.

answer

plants

question

Economically important products of the Rhodophyta include agar used to make capsules for drugs and vitamins as well as a solidifying agent for bacterial media. a gentle polishing abrasive included in some toothpaste or silver polish. wrappings around sushi rolls. All of the choices. A and C only.

answer

A and C only.

question

Paramecia contain both a macronucleus and one or more small micronuclei. What are the functions of these bodies? The macronucleus undergoes meiosis to produce haploid micronuclei that are exchanged in conjugation; this then produces a micronucleus for general cell housekeeping. The micronucleus is exchanged in conjugation; the macronucleus is for general cell housekeeping. The micronucleus is always for conjugative reproduction, while the micronucleus functions for general cell coding. The micronuclei control the cell and the macronuclei are exchanged in conjugation for reproduction.

answer

The micronucleus is exchanged in conjugation; the macronucleus is for general cell housekeeping.

question

A flagellated protist that is sexually transmitted is Paramecium. Entamoeba. Plasmodium. Trichomonas. Giardia.

answer

Trichomonas

question

Which can have a cellular form as well as an acellular (plasmodial) form with multiple nuclei? diatoms zooflagellates ciliates slime molds sporozoa

answer

slime molds

question

Slime molds, found in the Supergroup Amoebozoa, were once classified as fungi. What characteristics of the slime molds distinguish them from fungi? The vegetative state of the slime mold is mobile and amoeboid. They are flagellated cells at certain stages of the life cycle. All of these characteristics distinguish slime molds from fungi. Slime molds lack cell walls.

answer

All of these characteristics distinguish slime molds from fungi.

question

The endosymbiont hypothesis proposes all of the following EXCEPT chloroplasts originated when a nucleated cell engulfed a cyanobacterium. prokaryotes evolved when an aerobic bacterium engulfed a cyanobacterium. mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria. a nucleated cell engulfed an aerobic bacterium which evolved into mitochondria.

answer

prokaryotes evolved when an aerobic bacterium engulfed a cyanobacterium.

question

Plasmodium has two hosts in its life cycle. They are deer ticks and deer. tsetse flies and humans. nutria and birds. mosquitoes and humans.

answer

mosquitoes and humans.

question

A cyst is a dormant cell with a resistant outer covering. helps protists over winter. aids a parasite in the survival of the host's digestive tract. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

Which of the following protozoans is mismatched with the disease that it causes? Trypanosoma brucei—sleeping sickness Giardia lamblia—malaria Trichomonas vaginalis—vaginitis and urethritis Entamoeba histolytica—amoebic dysentery

answer

Giardia lamblia—malaria

question

An eyespot is a pigmented organelle that shields light. a protein band beneath the plasma membrane. a swelling near the base of a long flagellum that detects light. All of the choices are true.

answer

a pigmented organelle that shields light.

question

A common cause of amoebic dysentery is Trichomonas vaginalis. Entamoeba histolytica. Giardia intestinalis. Plasmodium falciparum

answer

Entamoeba histolytica.

question

Amoebic dysentery is transmitted by (through) having sex with an infected partner. the bite of a mosquito. the bite of a tsetse fly. ingesting contaminated water or food.

answer

ingesting contaminated water or food.

question

In Plasmodium, sexual reproduction occurs in the _________, while asexual reproduction occurs in ________. humans; mosquitoes deer tick; deer mosquito; humans tsetse fly; humans

answer

mosquito; humans

question

Which of the following spores is the result of asexual reproduction? basidiospores zygospores ascospores sporangiospores

answer

sporangiospores

question

Which of the following structures are NOT involved in sexual reproduction? mushrooms conidia gametangia ascocarps

answer

conidia

question

Fungal diseases include all of the following EXCEPT athlete's foot. Strep throat (pharyngitis). histoplasmosis. thrush.

answer

Strep throat (pharyngitis).

question

In differentiating fungi from plants and animals, which of the following statements is NOT true? Plants have cell walls of cellulose; fungi have cell walls of chitin. The energy reserve of fungi is starch while the energy reserve of animals is glycogen. Fungal spores develop into haploid hyphae without embryo development; plants have embryo development. Animals are heterotrophic by ingestion while fungi are heterotrophic by absorption.

answer

The energy reserve of fungi is starch while the energy reserve of animals is glycogen.

question

The difference between septate hyphae and nonseptate hyphae is a distinction between saprotrophic fungi and parasitic or disease-causing fungi. a classification trait that separates basidiomycotes from ascomycotes. determined by whether the hyphae have cross walls or lack cross walls. a difference in haploid and diploid cells. a distinction between plasmodial masses with many nuclei and nonliving zygospores.

answer

determined by whether the hyphae have cross walls or lack cross walls.

question

Dikaryotic cells of fungi are just another form of haploid cells. are nonseptate plasmodial masses with many nuclei and no cell partitioning. are potential symbionts that can join with algae to form lichens. contain paired haploid nuclei that fail to fuse for an extended period of time. is just another name for diploid cells.

answer

contain paired haploid nuclei that fail to fuse for an extended period of time.

question

The term "dikaryotic" is based on the Greek root words meaning two-walled. begin to germinate. anti-bacterial. two nuclei. half nuclei or haploid.

answer

two nuclei.

question

One of the long, branching filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus is called a(n) ascospore. hypha. basidiospore. mycelium. conidium.

answer

hypha

question

A mushroom would produce a sexual spore known as a(n) hypha. conidium. basidiospore. ascospore. mycelium.

answer

basidiospore

question

At one time, biologists thought that fungi were merely forms of plants that had lost their chlorophyll and had returned to saprotrophy. Why is this no longer considered a solid theory? Fungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose. Fungi attack and engulf food for internal digestion. Fungi have flagella at some stage, providing mobility that plants never have. Plants are multicellular and fungi are unicellular or multinucleated noncellular plasmodia. All of these are differences between fungi and plants.

answer

All of these are differences between fungi and plants.

question

The relationship between the fungi and algae in lichens is best described as a possible controlled parasitism wherein the fungi withdraw food from the algae and the algae do not benefit from the association. a simple cooperative mutualism between normally free-living strains. a complete mixing of the genomes of the two groups at the cellular level. an endosymbiotic transfer of the chloroplasts of algae to the hyphae cells. a possible controlled parasitism wherein the algae are moistened and protected by the fungi, but the fungi do not benefit from the association.

answer

a possible controlled parasitism wherein the fungi withdraw food from the algae and the algae do not benefit from the association.

question

In time, bread becomes stale and grows mold on the exposed surfaces. Why does mold not begin growing inside the bread loaf? Only molds at the surface of the bread can get oxygen to respire. Mold actually begins from anywhere inside but produces colored spores only at the surface. The bread was sterilized when it was baked and thereafter mold spores from the air settle only on the outside of the cooled bread. Mold can grow only on dry surfaces. There is an antibiotic antagonism between the bread mold and the internal yeasts that made the bread rise.

answer

The bread was sterilized when it was baked and thereafter mold spores from the air settle only on the outside of the cooled bread.

question

The parasitic sac fungus that grows on rye and other grains and contains the hallucinogenic chemical lysergic acid is Saccharomyces. ergot. Rhizopus. Penicillin. Aspergillus.

answer

ergot

question

A sexual spore produced by a sac fungus is called a(n) hypha. ascospore. mycelium. conidiospore. basidiospore.

answer

ascospore

question

An asexual spore produced by a sac fungus or club fungus is called a(n) conidiospore. mycelium. basidiospore. hypha. ascospore.

answer

conidiospore

question

The presence of ____________ indicates that the air is healthy for humans to breathe. yeast ergot lichens smuts mycorrhizae

answer

lichens

question

When the cap of an average gilled mushroom is cut off and placed on paper, a spoke-like print eventually appears on the paper under the cap. This powdery material would be conidiospores. sporangia. basidiospores. mycelia. hyphae.

answer

basidiospores

question

The fungi that parasitize cereal crops such as corn, wheat, oats, and rye are the stinkhorns. lichens. truffles. rusts and smuts. yeasts.

answer

rusts and smuts

question

Which is NOT a correct association of a fungus and product? Saccharomyces cerevisiae—beer and wine Penicillium—antibiotics Aspergillus—citric and gallic acid Rusts and smuts—truffles Aspergillus—soy sauce

answer

Rusts and smuts—truffles

question

Crustose, fruticose, and foliose are varieties of lichens. mycorrhizae. rusts and smuts. mushrooms. yeasts.

answer

lichens

question

Which of the fungal groups is mismatched with the asexual spore produced? Ascomycota—conidiospores Basidiomycota—conidiospores Zygomycophyta—sporangiospores Chytrids—zoospores None are mismatched. They are all correctly matched.

answer

None are mismatched. They are all correctly matched.

question

Species of ________ are known to consume jet fuel and wall paint. sac fungi Chytrids AM fungi club fungi

answer

sac fungi

question

Yeasts are members of the ascomycota. reproduce asexually by budding. are responsible for beer, wine, and bread production. All of the choices are correct. A and C only are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

Which of the following statements about mycorrhizae is/are true? Fungi may enter the cortex of plant roots but do not enter the cytoplasm of plant cells. Plants are harmed, while fungi benefit. The presence of the fungi give plants a greater absorptive surface for the intake of minerals. All of the above are true. A and C are true.

answer

A and C are true.

question

Mycorrhizal sac fungi that live in association with oak and beech tree roots are truffles. yeast. chytrids. ergot.

answer

truffles.

question

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which reproduces asexually through the production of zoospores, recently destroyed populations of harlequin frogs in Central and South America. It is a member of which phylum of fungi? Basidiomycota Chytridiomycota Glomeromycota Zygomycota

answer

Chytridiomycota

question

Fungal infections are difficult to treat because fungal and human cells are so similar that it is difficult to make fungal medications that do not harm human cells. they "hide out" inside of cells, and have long latent periods where medications can not get to the organism. they mutate very rapidly and therefore become resistant to most medications. All of the above.

answer

fungal and human cells are so similar that it is difficult to make fungal medications that do not harm human cells.

question

__________, a black mold that grows well on building materials, causes "sick building syndrome" in those who have been chronically exposed to its toxins. Candida Histoplasma Stachybotrys Aspergillus

answer

Stachybotrys

question

Poisonous or physiologically active chemicals include all of the following EXCEPT psilocybin, a structural analog of LSD and mescaline. muscarine and muscaridine. digitoxin. ergot alkaloids.

answer

digitoxin

question

The dimorphic fungus, _________, grows in mold form at 25° and in yeast form at 37°. It is associated with bird droppings and in most cases leads to a mild fungal flu. Aspergillus Candida Histoplasma Trichophyton

answer

Histoplasma

question

The particular place where an organism lives is its community. ecosystem. niche. habitat. life zone.

answer

habitat

question

As the carrying capacity of an environment is approached by a population, deaths begin to exceed births. the rate of reproduction increases. density-dependent environmental resistance increases. population growth begins to be exponential. births begin to exceed deaths.

answer

density-dependent environmental resistance increases.

question

Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is NOT true? Both ammonium and nitrate ions are highly water-soluble Nitrogen fixation can occur in aquatic systems or in soil bacteria. Denitrification removes nitrogen from the atmosphere and converts it to a form that plants can use. Nitrification occurs as ammonium is converted to nitrate. Nitrification occurs as nitrogen gas is converted to nitrate.

answer

Denitrification removes nitrogen from the atmosphere and converts it to a form that plants can use.

question

Density-independent factors which play a role in regulating population size in nature include weather. natural disasters. geographical barriers. All of the choices are correct. A and B only are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

Which of the following statement(s) about the hydrologic cycle is (are) true? Because this is a true cycle, it is impossible to run out of fresh water for human use. All water molecules that evaporate from the ocean precipitate on land and move by gravity through groundwater to the ocean again. Some water evaporates from land and from plants. Once water sinks into the ground, it is safe from human exploitation or pollution until it has rejoined the ocean. All of the choices are true.

answer

Some water evaporates from land and from plants.

question

If the members of a population are small in size, mature early, and have high parity and fecundity, they are ______. r-strategists K-strategists neither K-strategists nor r-strategists, but have characteristics of both.

answer

r-strategists

question

Is it possible that the carbon atoms in your body may have once made up the living tissues of another person or animal in earlier times? This is possible since carbon cycles through the biosphere. possible only if you are a cannibal. highly unlikely since carbon is always tied up in molecules in organisms or minerals. impossible since carbon can't enter a living system more than once.

answer

possible since carbon cycles through the biosphere.

question

Which of the following resources is NOT subject to interspecific competition? space food mates water sunlight

answer

mates

question

Semelparity is a pattern of reproduction in which the members of a population have only a single reproductive event in their lifetime. have many reproductive events in their lifetime. have no reproductive events in their lifetime. None of the choices are correct.

answer

have only a single reproductive event in their lifetime.

question

Altruism is displaced aggressive behavior. a means of ranking animals in a dominance hierarchy. actions of an animal that immediately benefit others rather than itself. belligerent behavior that helps an animal compete in its society.

answer

actions of an animal that immediately benefit others rather than itself.

question

The sequence of decreased death rate followed by a decrease in birthrate is called environmental resistance. a limiting factor. replacement reproduction. demographic transition. doubling time coefficient.

answer

demographic transition.

question

Opportunistic species are slow to mature. are adapted to stable environments. have long life spans. are good dispersers and colonizers of new habitats. are composed of large individual organisms.

answer

are good dispersers and colonizers of new habitats.

question

Ants following a trail to the sugar bowl in your kitchen are doing so because of a pheromone pathway laid down by previous ants. operant conditioning. chance alone. an innate knowledge of where the sugar can be found. a dance done by an ant in the anthill.

answer

a pheromone pathway laid down by previous ants.

question

The frequent change in HIV surface proteins is a type of parasitism. commensalisms. coevolution. mutualism.

answer

coevolution

question

In a grazing food chain, primary consumers eat detritus. primary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. secondary consumers eat detritus. secondary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. all the consumers are primary consumers.

answer

primary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms.

question

Which of the following statements about behavior is NOT true? Innate behavior is usually inherited. Innate behavior is triggered by a stimulus. Fixed action patterns are sometimes subject to modification by learning. Animals with simple nervous systems tend to respond to a stimulus with an innate behavior. All behaviors can be explained as fixed action patterns.

answer

All behaviors can be explained as fixed action patterns.

question

Primate grooming and honeybee waggle-dancing share which of these forms of communication? tactile communication chemical communication visual communication auditory communication

answer

tactile communication

question

Advantages to living in a social group for an animal includes all of the following EXCEPT group food gathering. spread of illness and parasites. help in predator avoidance. help raising young.

answer

spread of illness and parasites.

question

Consider the life of the praying mantis. The large predatory female lays several hundred eggs in a foam mass in the fall. The young are most vulnerable when they emerge in the spring, but the few that survive spread out over the countryside and, if they find a mate, lay eggs the following fall. Which type of survivorship curve does this represent? type III type II maximal exponential growth and minimal use of carrying capacity type I exponential growth followed by a decline from resource depletion

answer

type III

question

The stimulus for foraging is the defense of a home range. sexual desires. hunger. protecting young offspring from predators.

answer

hunger

question

Energy flow in an ecosystem begins with herbivores. detritivores. carnivores. omnivores. autotrophs.

answer

autotrophs

question

The actual conditions under which an organism exists in nature constitute its fundamental niche. realized niche. habitat. resource partition.

answer

realized niche.

question

Bangladesh has 2596 persons per square mile, while the United States has 780 persons per square mile and Canada has 9 persons per square mile. These statistics compare the _____ of these countries. carrying capacities limiting factors population distributions rate of natural increase population densities

answer

population densities

question

The "period" gene controls maternal behavior in mice. the biological clock in insects and mammals. the egg-laying process in marine snails. the ability to navigate in migrating birds.

answer

the biological clock in insects and mammals.

question

Which of the following statements about semelparity is NOT correct? Semelparity evolves in a stable environment. Semelparous organisms invest most of their energy into reproduction. Semelparous organisms produce a resting stage, such as eggs or seeds, that can survive unfavorable conditions. Semelparous organisms have a single reproductive event in their lifetime.

answer

Semelparity evolves in a stable environment.

question

Which of the following statements about ozone is true? The ozone shield is breaking down because we are not producing enough ozone at the ground level. Ozone destruction is catalyzed by chlorofluorocarbons like Freon. The protective effect of ozone can be replaced by increasing the other greenhouse gases. Ozone is the same as molecular oxygen, O2. Ozone increases photosynthesis in plants.

answer

Ozone destruction is catalyzed by chlorofluorocarbons like Freon.

question

In African tribes polygamy is practiced. The advantage to the female is more surviving children. good food source. help in child rearing. All of the choices are advantages to the female.

answer

All of the choices are advantages to the female.

question

____ is the interaction between two species as both attempt to use the same environmental resources. Competition. An ecosystem. A community. Predation. Symbiosis.

answer

Competition

question

The "hardwired" or inherited set response patterns that are described for a male cheetah spraying a pheromone to mark its territory, a bee performing a waggle-dance, or a cricket singing to sort out mates, are inherited systems that are evolutionarily adaptive. languages similar to human languages in variability and learning requirements. the sociobiological roots of our language system. altruistic adaptations to improve the general environment. symbol systems.

answer

inherited systems that are evolutionarily adaptive.

question

The type of learning that is associated with an organism solving a problem without any prior experiences with the situation is insight learning. imprinting. operant conditioning. associative learning.

answer

insight learning.

question

_______ occurs when males have limited mating opportunities. Monogamy Polyanthrus Homosexuality Polygamy

answer

Monogamy

question

Two communities may have exactly the same number of species, yet one might be measured as having a greater species diversity. Why? both the number of species and the evenness or relative abundance of individuals of the different species a community and all of the abiotic factors associated with it the native species plus the introduced species composition or a listing of the various species in a community the potential number of species that should exist in a community minus the species that have gone locally extinct

answer

both the number of species and the evenness or relative abundance of individuals of the different species

question

Which of the following associations is incorrect? detritivore - feeds on decomposing organic matter carnivore - feeds on other consumers herbivore - eats producers and performs photosynthesis autotroph - performs photosynthesis or chemosynthesis omnivore - eats both producers and consumers

answer

herbivore - eats producers and performs photosynthesis

question

Island biogeography and/or the spatial heterogeneity model predicts that space is unlimited and community richness can increase indefinitely. stratification decreases the number of species that can occupy an area. equilibrium is reached when the rate of immigrations matches the rate of species extinction. uniform environments are richer than patchy environments. the equilibrium point is highest for a small island most distant from the mainland.

answer

equilibrium is reached when the rate of immigrations matches the rate of species extinction.

question

In the logistic growth curve formula, when N is very large, (K-N)/N is almost equal to 0, which results in the population growing as fast as it can, or r(N). the population growth slowing to zero. You can't tell without knowing the value of r (rate of reproduction). the population going extinct. the population exceeding carrying capacity; more are dying due to starvation than are born.

answer

the population growth slowing to zero.

question

An ecologist may study the human impact on the Earth's environment. the different types of organisms living near a hydrothermal vent and how they interact. the affect of a particular pesticide on a food chain. how populations are restricted by environmental resistance. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves colonization by organisms that are farther away. more time for development of a seed bank. colonization by more K-selected species. time for development of the soil. redevelopment of the atmospheric gases.

answer

time for development of the soil.

question

An increase in fitness due to competition among males and mate choice by females is a result of sexual dimorphism. sociobiology. social interaction. courtship. sexual selection.

answer

sexual selection.

question

A type II survivorship curve, drawn by plotting the number of individuals in a given population alive at the beginning of each age interval, is characterized by individuals dying at a constant rate throughout time. most individuals dying of old age. most individuals dying during their reproductive years. many individuals dying early in life.

answer

individuals dying at a constant rate throughout time.

question

________ communication occurs within an animal societal unit. Chemical Auditory Visual Tactile All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

An example of territoriality is barnacles attached to a boat bottom. a cloud of moths attracted to a light. a swarm of mosquitoes hovering around a sweaty person. a red-winged blackbird singing to ward off other males and attract a female to the nest in his fencerow. All of the choices are correct.

answer

a red-winged blackbird singing to ward off other males and attract a female to the nest in his fencerow.

question

All the populations of all the different species interacting with one another in the same environment is called predation. symbiosis. diversity. a community. an ecosystem.

answer

a community.

question

Migratory behavior has a proximate cause and an ultimate cause. A shortening of daylight hours or a drop in temperature would be considered an ultimate cause. a proximate cause. Neither choice is correct.

answer

a proximate cause.

question

The population growth rate is negative when a country becomes poorer, because it is related to economic growth. better health care reduces the death rate and increases survivorship of newborns. all couples are married but average fewer than two children apiece. death rate is greater than birth rate. birthrate is greater than death rate.

answer

death rate is greater than birth rate.

question

An ecosystem contains only the energy flow components of an local environment. only the food relationships found in the local environment. both the biotic and the abiotic components of the local environment. only the biotic components of the local environment. only the abiotic components of the local environment.

answer

both the biotic and the abiotic components of the local environment.

question

The "sensitive period" is associated with operant conditioning. extinction. imprinting. insight learning. motivation.

answer

imprinting

question

The carrying capacity of the environment for a species is determined by the age distribution of that species. the state and national wildlife laws pertaining to that species. the reproductive rate of the organism. the limited availability of renewable resources in the environment and the environmental resistance to the biotic potential of the organism. the number of organisms of that species.

answer

the limited availability of renewable resources in the environment and the environmental resistance to the biotic potential of the organism.

question

The greenhouse gases include all of the following EXCEPT carbon dioxide. water. methane. nitrous oxide.

answer

water

question

Approximately what percentage of the energy in one trophic level is incorporated into the next trophic level? 10% 100% 60% 30% 1%

answer

10%

question

A harmless fly resembling a stinging wasp is a Mullerian mimic. a Batesian mimic. commensalism. a case of mutual camouflage.

answer

a Batesian mimic

question

In an Asian rice paddy, carp eat decaying material from around the base of rice plants while a snail scrapes algae from the leaves, stems, and roots of the same plant. They can survive at the same time in the same rice paddy because they occupy the same habitat and the same niche. the same habitat but different niches. different habitats and different niches. the same niche but different habitats.

answer

the same habitat but different niches.

question

A population in which death rates are higher than birth rates, and the prereproductive group is smaller than the reproductive group, is best represented by an age structure diagram with a(n) ______ -shape. S urn J pyramid bell

answer

urn

question

_____ occurs when one living organism feeds on another. Competition Commensalism Predation Mimicry Symbiosis

answer

Predation

question

Clements proposed the climax-pattern model of succession. Governing factors for this model include climate. soil conditions. each successive community preparing the way for the next. All of the choices are correct. A and C only are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct

question

A male leopard nuzzles the female's neck to calm her and to stimulate her willingness to mate. This is an example of _____ communication. tactile auditory chemical visual

answer

tactile

question

What occurs when two species with very similar niches live in an overlapping range? competitive exclusion total extinction of one species speciation hypervolume a switch in habitat for one of the organisms

answer

competitive exclusion

question

Learned behavior that causes a family of baby ducks to follow their mother is called imprinting. extinction. operant conditioning. insight learning. motivation.

answer

imprinting

question

Adaptive behavior has probably been selected by evolutionary processes because it makes the animal the smartest. allows the animal to live the longest. allows the animal to live in the widest variety of environments. allows the animal to produce the largest number of viable offspring. All of the choices are correct.

answer

allows the animal to produce the largest number of viable offspring.

question

Chemical cycling may involve which of the following? a reservoir unavailable to producers an exchange pool as a source from which organisms can acquire chemicals a biotic community in which chemicals move through food chains a geological component, in which chemicals move through the soil or the air All of the choices are correct.

answer

a geological component, in which chemicals move through the soil or the air

question

The Jones family has a plan to encourage good behavior in their children. When a child completes daily chores, that child receives a gold star. The earning of fourteen gold stars allows the child to choose between a visit to the movie theatre or the park. This is an example of insight learning. polyanthrus. imprinting. operant conditioning. classical conditioning.

answer

operant conditioning.

question

Consider that a species of salmon lays 20,000 eggs per pair when it spawns and dies. At the end of five years, an average of one pair of mature salmon from this group of hatched eggs returns again to spawn in the parent stream (19,998 have not survived). What is the rate of natural increase? zero, because there is exact replacement of the previous generation 10,000, because there were that many eggs produced per parent fish (r) 19,998, because there was this much total loss 2,000, because there was this much average die-off per year 2,000, because this must be divided by five years

answer

zero, because there is exact replacement of the previous generation

question

Supportive information for the presence of emotions in animals other than humans includes the body language of various species. the observations that animals differ in degree rather than kind of feelings. neurobiological data. presence of limbic systems. All of the choices are correct.

answer

the body language of various species.

question

Which of the following statements about parasitism is NOT true? Some organisms and all viruses are obligate parasites and must live inside a host. The host is generally larger than the parasite. Ectoparasites are attached to the outside of the host's body by specialized organs. Smaller parasites often live as endoparasites within the body of the host. An efficient parasite usually kills its host.

answer

An efficient parasite usually kills its host.

question

Compared with the numbers of grasshoppers or deer, there are not a lot of mountain lions. The reason that large and fierce top-level carnivores are rare in an ecosystem is that through natural selection, most fierce animals have been killed off by others. only a few such animals are permitted by succession in a biome, and there are only a few biomes. such animals do not tolerate other members like them. food chains are only 10 to 20% efficient at each step, and top carnivores are therefore limited by the availability of food in their range.

answer

food chains are only 10 to 20% efficient at each step, and top carnivores are therefore limited by the availability of food in their range.

question

A pond represents a(n) _______ while the minnows represent a(n) ______. ecosystem; population ecosystem; community community; population population; community population; ecosystem

answer

ecosystem; population

question

Consider the consequences of a harmless prey that evolves toward mimicry of a model that has an antipredator defense (Batesian mimicry). What happens to the effectiveness of this defense as more and more prey in the population are harmless mimics? Then consider what happens when a species with bad taste evolves to resemble a model that stings (Mullerian mimicry). The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is limited because both dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern. The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is unlimited because they both reinforce the protection afforded by the warning color pattern. The increase number of Batesian mimics dilutes or weakens the protection afforded by the warning color pattern, but the addition of more Mullerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. The number of Mullerian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern, but the addition of more Batesian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex.

answer

The increase number of Batesian mimics dilutes or weakens the protection afforded by the warning color pattern, but the addition of more Mullerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex.

question

There are several species of grain beetles that live on dry meal and do considerable damage to stored grain. In an experiment, a dozen jars of dry meal are set up and fifty individuals of each species, both males and females, are added to each jar. The food supply is not quite sufficient to last for six months and the size of the jar is adequate so that wastes do not become toxic. Most likely, examination of the jars in six months will find the same ratio of beetles as when you started(about half from each species). a totally random variation in numbers of both beetles. only one species per jar. only dead beetles in all jars due to intense competition for the niche.

answer

only one species per jar.

question

Many worker bees give their lives to save a bee hive from an attack by bears or other animals. In such cases, we now know that each female worker is waiting to get her chance to reproduce. this is a case of sexual selection. this is a case of bees consciously understanding the need to preserve the nest for their individual benefit—they might survive if all work together. These worker bees are more related to hive offspring than they would be if they were fertile and produced offspring.

answer

These worker bees are more related to hive offspring than they would be if they were fertile and produced offspring.

question

Which of the following may be a secondary or tertiary consumer? omnivore autotroph detritovore herbivore

answer

omnivore

question

Scientific discoveries have provided evidence that the ______ systems are involved in behavior. respiratory and digestive excretory and circulatory digestive and reproductive endocrine and nervous

answer

endocrine and nervous

question

An example of a pheromone in humans is a chemical released by males that reduces premenstrual tension in women. saliva exchanged during kissing (as a sexual stimulant). the mother's milk that transfers immunity to the infant. testosterone.

answer

a chemical released by males that reduces premenstrual tension in women.

question

Which of the following associations between organism and nutrient source is incorrect? earthworms - detritivores cows - herbivores bacteria - decomposers humans - carnivores raccoons - omnivores

answer

humans - carnivores

question

Which of the following factor(s) limit(s) exponential growth of a population? limited resource availability increases in predator populations competition between members competition with other species All of these choices limit exponential growth.

answer

All of these choices limit exponential growth.

question

Population size levels off at the _______ of an environment. environmental resistance carrying capacity biotic potential population growth

answer

carrying capacity

question

Which of the following instances does NOT agree with the expected outcome of sociobiological theory? A person saves a family member or cousin who falls overboard from drowning. In the hill country of India, brothers share the same wife. In hostile environments it takes two men to provide the necessities for one family. In an African tribe, one man has several wives. A woman having fewer children can provide a better diet and a healthier child. A couple adopt a child that is not related to them.

answer

A couple adopt a child that is not related to them.

question

Hippopotamuses perform territorial displays that include mouth opening. This is _____ communication. chemical auditory visual tactile

answer

visual

question

All of the conditions under which an organism could conceivably survive and reproduce constitute its resource partition. habitat. realized niche. fundamental niche.

answer

fundamental niche.

question

The maximum rate of natural increase of a population that occurs under ideal conditions is the biotic potential. environmental resistance. carrying capacity. density-independent population. population growth.

answer

biotic potential.

question

Sunlight that passes through the atmosphere is absorbed and is reradiated back as longer wavelength infrared waves that are trapped by gases in the atmosphere. This is referred to as the carbon cycle. the greenhouse effect, which is a proven and measurable phenomenon. the theory of the greenhouse effect, although it is just a hypothesis. global warming. the main input of energy that drives all life energy chains.

answer

the greenhouse effect, which is a proven and measurable phenomenon.

question

An organism does not necessarily have to ensure that its own genes are passed to the next generation. The adaptation to the environment due to the reproductive success of an organism's relatives is direct selection. natural selection. kin selection. altruism.

answer

kin selection.

question

Which of the following statements about ecological pyramids is true? Pyramids built upon the biomass of organisms at each level eliminate size as a factor. Energy gains between trophic levels occur based upon biomass conversion. The limited number of trophic levels in an ecological pyramid is due to increasing complexity and size of organisms at each greater trophic level. A pyramid of organism numbers will always have a large base and a small top. None of the choices are true.

answer

Pyramids built upon the biomass of organisms at each level eliminate size as a factor.

question

Pavlov's well known experiment of a dog salivating at the sound of a bell ring is an example of classical conditioning. imprinting. operant conditioning. insight learning.

answer

classical conditioning.

question

Besides humans, _____ have one of the most complex languages in the animal kingdom. bottlenose dolphins crickets chimpanzees kilpspringers

answer

bottlenose dolphins

question

very rapid kind of communication that works at a distance and in the dark is visual communication. tactile communication. auditory communication. chemical communication.

answer

auditory communication.

question

Ecologist Robert MacArthur observed that five species of similar warblers coexisted on spruce trees because they ate different kinds of insects. foraged in different places of the tree canopy. cooperated in their foraging habits. were actually subspecies of the same species. were kept below the carrying capacity by predators.

answer

foraged in different places of the tree canopy.

question

All of the following statements about population distribution are true EXCEPT behavioral traits, such as territorality, can affect the distribution pattern of a population. population distribution is the pattern of dispersal of individuals across an area of interest. a population's distribution is calculated as the number of individuals per unit area. environmental conditions, such as climate and altitude, are often limiting factors of distribution.

answer

a population's distribution is calculated as the number of individuals per unit area.

question

To train an animal, you try to reward each instance of desired behavior. In this way, you can eventually get pigeons to play ping-pong. This system of reward was developed by Jacque Loeb. Konrad Lorenz. Peter Marlar. B. F. Skinner. Ivan Pavlov.

answer

B. F. Skinner.

question

Altruistic behaviors between closely related animals increase the life-time reproductive success of the altruist. increase the inclusive fitness of the altruist. force individuals to cooperate with one another and thereby increase mating and population growth. reduce fighting between species.

answer

increase the inclusive fitness of the altruist.

question

In the iteroparitous pattern of population growth many reproductive events occur throughout an organism's lifetime. the mature adults cease to grow, put energy into reproduction, and then die. there is often an unstable environment, where offspring do not have a good chance of survival. All of the choices are true.

answer

many reproductive events occur throughout an organism's lifetime.

question

Irruptive, or Malthusian, growth is characterized by a slow increase, followed by a rapid decrease in population. a steady increase in the population, followed by a steady decline. exponential growth of a population, followed by a population crash. exponential growth of a population, followed by a leveling off and stability. None of the choices are correct.

answer

exponential growth of a population, followed by a population crash.

question

The freshwater available for use by the human population makes up about ____ of the world's supply of water. 50% 25% 10% 3%

answer

question

Farmers sprayed leechi trees to suppress populations of scale insects. This also killed the populations of a predatory lacewing that controlled the numbers of scales. Soon the spraying did no good, and the damage to the leechi from the scales was greater than before spraying had occurred. Few predatory lacewings exist in the trees now because the scale insect was K-selected and the high number of young included a resistant strain, while the predator was r-selected and will take longer to produce a resistant variety. they, too, are insects so they are r-selected. the predator was r-selected and was therefore more susceptible to the spray. the scale insect was r-selected and the high number of young included a resistant strain; the predator was K-selected and will take longer to produce a resistant variety.

answer

the scale insect was r-selected and the high number of young included a resistant strain; the predator was K-selected and will take longer to produce a resistant variety.

question

female chooses a mate by courtship display rituals. selecting the more aggressive and vigorous males. selecting traits that improve the chances of offspring survival. All of the choices apply.

answer

All of the choices apply.

question

Which of the following about the semelparous pattern of population growth is NOT true? Parents invest resources into the survival of their offspring. The mature adults cease to grow, put energy into reproduction, and then die. Organisms reproduce once in a lifetime. Organisms are generally not involved with extensive parental care of the offspring. All of the choices are true.

answer

All of the choices are true.

question

Energy flow in an ecosystem is not cyclic because energy is converted to heat, which is no longer useful. increased as you go up the energy pyramid. evenly spread out over many organisms. converted to many kinds of useful energy. destroyed as it is used.

answer

converted to heat, which is no longer useful.

question

A(n) _______ consists of all the populations of multiple species interacting in a designated region. ecosystem community biosphere None of the choices are correct.

answer

community

question

Dogs scent-mark by defecating and urinating in an area, while cats scent-mark by rubbing against objects. These are examples of foraging. sexual selection. territoriality. altruism.

answer

territoriality

question

All of the following factors will keep a population from growing at its biotic potential EXCEPT lack of availability of space. abundance of predators. successful reproduction of its members. prevalence of disease or parasites. limited supply of food and water.

answer

successful reproduction of its members.

question

Scientists have discovered gene products, including the hormone ELH, that control all components of egg-laying behavior in Aplysia slugs. This discovery confirms that genes only influence physiology and structure but not behavior. the egg-laying behavior is innate or hardwired into the slug's brain. the egg-laying behavior has absolutely no nervous system involvement. this slug could avoid being eaten by garter snakes. genes can control endocrine gland secretions that control behavior.

answer

genes can control endocrine gland secretions that control behavior.

question

The only heterotrophs required in an ecosystem are herbivores. decomposers. omnivores. autotrophs. carnivores.

answer

decomposers

question

What factors help migrating birds to find their destination? the sun during the day the stars at night a biological clock the Earth's magnetic field All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

A small marine amphipod has recently been discovered that carries a bad-tasting organism on its back, which is contrary to its normal behavior. If a fish ingests the pair, it immediately spits them back out. If the amphipod is alone, however, it is readily eaten. There is no apparent benefit or harm in this relationship for the "backpack" organism. This is probably a case of parasitism. commensalism. competitive exclusion. mutualism.

answer

commensalism

question

The making of a short-term reproductive sacrifice in order to maximize future reproductive potential is kin selection. territoriality. reciprocal altruism. inclusive fitness.

answer

reciprocal altruism.

question

A cohort is all the individuals in a population born at the same time. all individuals living in the same habitat. all the different species in a community. all the organisms interacting in the ecosystem. All of the choices are correct.

answer

all the individuals in a population born at the same time.

question

Which of the following is (are) correct in a predator-prey cycle? A decline in the numbers of predators causes a decline in the number of prey. A decline in the numbers of prey causes a decline in the number of predators. An increase in the number of predators triggers an increase in the numbers of prey. All of these are correct, causing an up-and-down cycle for each animal.

answer

A decline in the numbers of prey causes a decline in the number of predators.

question

MacArthur discovered that five species of warblers coexisted on spruce trees by foraging on the same caterpillar, but in different places of the tree canopy. This is confirmation that all warblers were actually variations of the same species because different species couldn't coexist. an exception based on birds taking longer to eventually compete and eliminate competitors. an exception to the competitive exclusion principle. an example of resource partitioning.

answer

an example of resource partitioning.

question

Altrusim is derived from the Latin root word meaning selfish. the other. sympathetic. genetic.

answer

the other.

question

In the near future, the world population is predicted to involve a worldwide decrease in population growth due to limited resources. a continuation of human population growth at the same pace as in the previous century. an increase in population growth in all countries in the world. a decrease in growth in most, but not all, more-developed countries and continued growth in most less-developed countries.

answer

a decrease in growth in most, but not all, more-developed countries and continued growth in most less-developed countries.

question

Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle or nerve cell? G1 phase G0 phase G2 phase M phase S phase

answer

G0 phase

question

In the life cycle of animals, ________ have the haploid number of chromosomes. skin and blood cells sperm and egg cells muscle and nerve cells all body cells

answer

sperm and egg cells

question

Which of the following steps would NOT lead to variation of genetic material? crossing over of sister chromatids crossing over of homologous chromosomes the combination of sperm and egg genes. the random alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase I

answer

crossing over of sister chromatids

question

Another name for a tetrad is a/an gamete. öocyte. polar body. bivalent. homologue

answer

bivalent

question

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of both DNA and protein. may occur as chromatin. contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

During which stage of meiosis does homologue separation occur? prophase I telophase I prophase II anaphase II anaphase I

answer

anaphase I

question

The cell formed through fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a/an zygote. gamete. egg cell. sperm cell. ovum.

answer

zygote

question

Although cancer may originate in many regions of the body, many patients die from cancerous growth in the lungs, lymph glands, or liver. This is most readily explained as proteinase enzymes making cancer particularly damaging to these tissues. metastasis occurring more commonly in organs that have a filter effect. due to these organs simply being more susceptible to cancer. growth anywhere but in these organs is called benign. spreading of cancer by angiogenesis.

answer

metastasis occurring more commonly in organs that have a filter effect.

question

At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid? anaphase II metaphase I prophase II prophase I metaphase II

answer

anaphase II

question

The location on a chromosome where a particular gene is located is known as the: diploid autosome dihybrid allele locus

answer

locus

question

Which of the following is NOT a trait that is the result of, or is affected by, the interaction of more than one gene? human skin color sickle cell anemia cleft palate height

answer

sickle cell anemia

question

Which of the following crosses would always result in offspring that only display the dominant phenotype? TT x tt Tt x Tt TT x TT Tt x tt both A and C

answer

both A and C

question

What aspect of Mendel's background gave him the necessary tools to discover the laws of inheritance? He lived in Austria. He corresponded with Charles Darwin. He was a monk. He was a teacher. He had studied mathematics and probability.

answer

He had studied mathematics and probability.

question

What is the blending theory of inheritance? an old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between those of the parents Mendel's theory of how the traits of parents are passed to offspring through the gametes Darwin's theory of how traits are passed from all parts of the parent's body into the gamete to be transmitted to the offspring the modern theory of how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring

answer

an old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between those of the parents

question

Which characteristic of pea plants were important in their selection as Mendel's research organism? Peas are easy to cultivate. Pea plants have a short generation time. Pea plants are self-pollinating but can be cross-fertilized easily. Many true-breeding varieties were available. All of the above were important characteristics in Mendel's selection.

answer

All of the above were important characteristics in Mendel's selection.

question

The vibration felt in arterial walls due to expansion of the aorta following ventricle contraction is the cardiac cycle. blood pressure. pulse. electrocardiogram.

answer

pulse

question

The fluid under a blister or the lymph that bathes the interstitial spaces between organs is very watery compared with the viscosity of blood plasma. Why? The viscosity of blood is completely due to blood cells that never leave the vessels. Large molecules, such as plasma albumin, never cross the capillary wall into tissue fluid. These fluids are primarily water produced by cell respiration, and they are discarded interstitially. Large molecules, such as plasma albumin, are concentrated in the lymph nodes. The capillaries use active transport to retrieve large molecules that leaked away.

answer

Large molecules, such as plasma albumin, never cross the capillary wall into tissue fluid.

question

The primary function of the pulmonary circuit is to supply the force to propel blood throughout the body. nutrient exchange. release of oxygen and absorption of carbon dioxide by the blood. the release of carbon dioxide and absorption of oxygen by blood.

answer

the release of carbon dioxide and absorption of oxygen by blood.

question

A heart murmur is a distortion of the heartbeat due to blood flowing back through a valve that should be closed. If the heart sound is lub-dub-ssshhh, the most likely cause is a failure of the semilunar valves. mitral (bicuspid) valve. sinoatrial node to signal contraction. atrioventricular valves. AV node to signal contraction.

answer

atrioventricular valves.

question

What would you find in the heart of a human? one atrium and one ventricle two atria and one ventricle one atrium and two ventricles two atria and a partially divided ventricle two atria and two ventricles

answer

two atria and two ventricles

question

Major cardiovascular disorders include all of the following EXCEPT hypertension. stroke. diabetes. atherosclerosis.

answer

diabetes

question

:Describe the events that occur in the clotting of blood by choosing the correct sequence of statements that outlines the process. 1. Platelets and injured tissue release prothrombin activator. 2. The activated fragments join end-to-end, forming long threads. 3. Platelets clump at the sight of puncture and partially seal the leak. 4. Fibrin threads wind around the platelet plug in the damaged area and provide a framework for the clot. 5. Thrombin, acting as an enzyme, severs two amino acid chains (activated fragments) from each fibrinogen molecule. 6. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin. 7. Red blood cells are trapped within the fibrin framework forming a clot. Sequence: 1, 2, 6, 7, 4, 3, 5 Sequence: 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, 2, 1 Sequence: 7, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1, 6 Sequence: 3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 7

answer

Sequence: 3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 7

question

When you step on a cockroach or smash a fly, the blood appears colorless because the blood is enclosed in a closed circulatory system. the blood is actually a colorless hemolymph that carries oxygen on molecules other than reddish hemoglobin. it does not contain hemoglobin or any other respiratory pigment. there are no cells in the hemolymph.

answer

it does not contain hemoglobin or any other respiratory pigment.

question

What two forces control the movement of fluid through the capillary wall? blood pressure and osmotic pressure the oxygen and nitrogen concentration the number of veins and arteries the thickness of the capillary wall and the number of cilia

answer

blood pressure and osmotic pressure

question

Veins primarily depend upon which of the following forces to return blood to the heart? force of blood entering from the arteries skeletal muscle contraction valves to prevent blood back flow All of the choices apply.

answer

skeletal muscle contraction

question

The Greek root word for "contraction" underlies the term systole. arteriole. cardiovascular. diastole. thromboembolism.

answer

systole.

question

Which of these white blood cells are phagocytic? both neutrophils and macrophages lymphocytes macrophages both lymphocytes and macrophages neutrophils

answer

both neutrophils and macrophages

question

The leading cause of preventable death in the United States is cardiovascular disease. Which of the following are lifestyle modifications that would lower a person's risk of CVD? not smoking lose weight lower fat intake All of the choices are means of lowering risk for CVD.

answer

All of the choices are means of lowering risk for CVD.

question

Which statement is NOT true about red blood cells? Their normal life span is about 120 days. They are biconcave disks that lack nuclei when mature. There are about 6 million red blood cells per cubic millimeter of whole blood. They are mainly produced in the liver. Hemoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen loosely to transport it.

answer

They are mainly produced in the liver.

question

Which structure does blood pass through immediately before entering the right atrium? aorta left atrium vena cava semilunar valve atrioventricular valve

answer

vena cava

question

Which organism has hemoglobin located in the fluid portion of the blood, giving it a red appearance? earthworm grasshopper human flatworm bird

answer

earthworm

question

A person who is B positive will have B antibodies, antibodies to A, and Rh antigens. B antigens, antibodies to B, and Rh antigens. B antigens, antibodies to A, and Rh antigens. B antigens, antibodies to A, and no Rh antigens. A antigens, antibodies to B, and Rh antigens.

answer

B antigens, antibodies to A, and Rh antigens.

question

The Latin root word for "great artery" underlies the term hepatic portal. vena cava. coronary. pulmonary. aorta.

answer

aorta.

question

Which best describes an antigen? a protein produced by a B cell that responds against a foreign protein a protein or polysaccharide that is recognized as foreign by a cell of the immune system the receptor on a T or B cell that recognizes a foreign protein any cell of the immune system

answer

a protein or polysaccharide that is recognized as foreign by a cell of the immune system

question

The human heart is composed of muscle fibers called myocardium. an outer membranous sac called the pericardium. endocardium. All of the choices are correct. B and C only are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

The structure that absorbs nutrients from the small intestines and delivers the nutrients in the blood to the liver is the hepatic portal artery. hepatic portal vein. renal vein. None of the choices are correct.

answer

hepatic portal vein.

question

"Artery" and "vein" are defined by whether they leave or enter the heart. If they were defined by whether they carried oxygenated or deoxygenated blood, we would have to change the name(s) of the pulmonary artery and vein; they would have to be switched. the hepatic and renal systems; they would have to be switched. the hepatic portal vein to a hepatic portal artery. the coronary artery and vein; they would have to be switched. none, since the aorta and vena cava do not have "artery" and "vein" in their name.

answer

the pulmonary artery and vein; they would have to be switched.

question

Which kind of white blood cell is involved in the production of antibodies? monocytes eosinophils macrophage neutrophils B lymphocytes

answer

B lymphocytes

question

What would cause you to believe that someone has a heart murmur? an irregular ECG low blood pressure irregular heart beats irregular heart sounds instead of sharp lub-dub sounds

answer

irregular heart sounds instead of sharp lub-dub sounds

question

What would you find in the heart of an amphibian? one atrium and one ventricle two atria and a partially divided ventricle two atria and one ventricle two atria and two ventricles one atrium and two ventricles

answer

two atria and one ventricle

question

The coronary arteries are important because they serve the heart. urinary tract. brain. lungs. intestine and liver.

answer

heart

question

The Greek root words for "heart" and "vessels" underlies the term atrioventricular. thromboembolism. arteriole. cardiovascular. diastole.

answer

cardiovascular.

question

The vessels in our circulatory system that allow molecules to diffuse across to tissues are venules. veins. arteries. capillaries. lymph vessels.

answer

capillaries.

question

Normal blood pressure in a 25-year-old person would likely be close to ____ mm Hg. 150/95 120/50 120/80 200/120 100/40

answer

120/80

question

Which of the following has a four-chambered heart like humans? birds some reptiles amphibians All of the choices are correct. A and B are correct.

answer

A and B are correct.

question

After leaving our left ventricle, blood next passes through the atrioventricular valve. left atrium. semilunar valve. aorta. vena cava.

answer

semilunar valve.

question

Which type of blood component is involved in the initiation of clotting? platelets red blood cells white blood cells plasma proteins

answer

platelets

question

The pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system is the sinoatrial node. medulla oblongata. atrioventricular node. Purkinje fibers.

answer

sinoatrial node.

question

What would you find in the heart of most reptiles? two atria and a partially divided ventricle one atrium and two ventricles one atrium and one ventricle two atria and one ventricle two atria and two ventricles

answer

two atria and a partially divided ventricle

question

Microvilli serve to synthesize vitamins. secrete bile. produce antibodies. absorb nutrients.

answer

absorb nutrients.

question

_____ acts on proteins to produce peptides which are later broken down into _____ in the small intestine. Pepsin; amino acids Salivary amylase; amino acids Pepsin; fatty acids. Maltase; glucose

answer

Pepsin; amino acids

question

An animal with an incomplete gut is the grasshopper. earthworm. squid. planarian. human.

answer

planarian.

question

Which of the following statements concerning dietary protein is true? Growth in children may be delayed or stunted if essential amino acids are not present in their diets. The average American eats about half the recommended protein. Dietary protein is digested to nucleic acids, which are used to make DNA. It is not possible for vegetarians to have a balanced diet with adequate protein intake. Protein should supply the bulk of our dietary calories.

answer

Growth in children may be delayed or stunted if essential amino acids are not present in their diets.

question

If a persons diet is lacking two essential unsaturated fatty acids (alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids) they are likely to have appendicitis. skin problems. delayed growth. B and C are correct. None of the choices are correct.

answer

B and C are correct.

question

Which of the following statements about the colon is NOT true? The colon is active in water absorption, removing about 95% of the water that enters it and returning it to the bloodstream. Insufficient absorption of water can result in diarrhea that may be life-threatening. The last section of the colon is the rectum, which terminates in the anus. Feces consists of about 25% water and 75% solids that are mainly bacteria from the intestinal tract. Cells in the walls of the large intestine absorb vitamin K that is produced by bacteria resident in the colon.

answer

Feces consists of about 25% water and 75% solids that are mainly bacteria from the intestinal tract.

question

The tubular structure that moves food by peristalsis from the mouth to the stomach is the trachea. esophagus. glottis. tongue. epiglottis.

answer

esophagus.

question

The Greek root words meaning "within" and "eat" are the basis for the term stomach. esophagus. intestine. pancreas. mouth.

answer

esophagus.

question

________ is contained in pancreatic juice to neutralize the acidity of chyme from the stomach. Bile Trypsin Sodium bicarbonate Pancreatic amylase

answer

Sodium bicarbonate

question

The dentition of omnivores is specialized for ______ in their diets. meat only bacteria only both plants and meat plants only

answer

both plants and meat

question

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called sphincters. mucosa. lacteals. constrictors. dilators.

answer

sphincters.

question

Protein digestion is occurs in the stomach, esophagus, and small intestine. mouth and large intestine. mouth, stomach, and small intestine. small intestine, large intestine, and mouth. stomach and small intestine.

answer

stomach and small intestine.

question

Which represents the proper sequence of human teeth from the front to the back of the mouth? 3 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 2 molars 2 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, 3 molars 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 promolars, 3 molars 2 incisors, 2 canines, 2 premolars, 3 molars 2 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, 2 molars

answer

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 promolars, 3 molars

question

The pH of the stomach is usually about ______. 4.0 2.0 7.0 5.0 8.0

answer

2.0

question

Abnormally large amounts of bilirubin in the blood will cause the rolling stones. jaundice. kidney stones. cirrhosis of the liver. gallstones.

answer

jaundice.

question

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of digestion? pancreas salivary glands appendix gall bladder

answer

appendix

question

Which of the following statements about the tongue is true? The tongue mixes food with saliva and assists in swallowing. The tongue can detect taste, touch, and pressure. The tongue consists of striated muscle under voluntary control. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

The digestive system functions in the chemical breakdown of food. mechanical breakdown of food. elimination of waste products. absorption of food molecules. All of the choices are true.

answer

All of the choices are true.

question

The function of canine teeth in humans is grinding. tearing. crushing. shearing. biting.

answer

tearing.

question

Which is NOT true of human salivary glands? There are three pairs that open by ducts into the mouth. They produce an enzyme to begin the digestion of starch. The production of saliva aids in the mechanical digestion process. They can become inflamed and cause tonsillitis.

answer

They can become inflamed and cause tonsillitis.

question

Which of the following would be classified as a carnivore? brown bear dolphin human raccoon rat

answer

dolphin

question

The finger-like projections along the surface of the small intestines are called lacteals. capillaries. appendices. microvilli. mucosa.

answer

microvilli.

question

The liver functions in digestion by producing urea. producing bile. destroying old red blood cells. converting hemoglobin to bilirubin and biliverdin. producing blood proteins.

answer

producing bile.

question

All of the following statements are true about squids EXCEPT digestion occurs in the stomach and a cecum. the squid's tentacles seize its prey. squids are continuous feeders. squids are molluscs. the mouth has jaws that bite off pieces of prey with the help of a toothy radula.

answer

squids are continuous feeders.

question

In humans, digestion of starches begins in the stomach. large intestine. mouth. esophagus. duodenum.

answer

mouth.

question

In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen. fat. protein. starch. amino acids.

answer

glycogen.

question

The small intestines receive bile from the liver and gall bladder. pancreatic juices from the pancreas. chyme from the stomach. All of the above are correct. A and C are correct.

answer

All of the above are correct.

question

The function of the human stomach is to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria. to begin the absorption of most small food molecules, especially sugars and alcohol. promotion of bacterial fermentation. absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells. storage of food and mixing with digestive fluids to continue chemical digestion.

answer

storage of food and mixing with digestive fluids to continue chemical digestion.

question

Which mineral is especially important for women to incorporate into their diet if they are menstruating? aluminum sodium iron magnesium

answer

iron

question

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the larynx. glottis. pharynx. sphincter muscle. epiglottis.

answer

epiglottis.

question

_____ molecules carry cholesterol from the liver to cells and to the arterial walls, whereas _____ transports cholesterol from the cells to the liver, where it is converted to bile salts. LDL; insulin HDL; LDL HDL; trans-fats LDL; HDL

answer

LDL; HDL

question

nucleic acid - Which of the following human digestive enzymes is NOT correctly matched to its substrate? pepsin - protein maltase - maltose trypsin - nucleic acid lipase - fat salivary amylase - starch

answer

trypsin

question

Water retention and high blood pressure are associated with an excess intake of calcium. sodium. magnesium. iron. zinc.

answer

sodium.

question

Which of the following is considered an accessory gland in the digestive system? stomach esophagus pancreas cecum pharynx

answer

pancreas

question

What is a chronic disease of the liver, often seen in alcoholics, where healthy tissue is replaced by inactive fibrous scar tissue? AIDS appendicitis Hepatitis A cirrhosis

answer

cirrhosis

question

The digestive juices found in the stomach include pancreatic and salivary amylase. trypsin and maltase. insulin and bile. pepsin and hydrochloric acid. sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid.

answer

pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

question

A ruminant is a herbivore with no extra digestive specializations. a carnivore with no extra digestive specializations. an omnivore. a carnivore with extra stomach separations. a herbivore with extra stomach separations.

answer

a herbivore with extra stomach separations.

question

In the first step of starch digestion, starch is converted to _______, which is then digested to ________ by the enzyme maltase. amino acids; proteins glucose; maltose fat; glycerol and 3 fatty acids maltose; glucose

answer

maltose; glucose

question

Chyme is produced in the small intestine. stomach. large intestine. esophagus.

answer

stomach.

question

All of the following statements are true about the clam's digestion EXCEPT the clam has a single opening for the entry of food and the exit of digestive wastes. small food particles are collected on the gills and moved by cilia to the mouth. the clam is a filter feeder. the clam is a continuous feeder.

answer

the clam has a single opening for the entry of food and the exit of digestive wastes.

question

The hepatic portal vein brings blood to the liver from the _______ and as the blood passes through the liver it is __________. the small intestine; detoxified the pancreas; oxygenated the lungs; deoxygenated the mouth; acidified

answer

the small intestine; detoxified

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of bile salts? act as emulsifiers aid the enzyme lipase in the digestion of fat molecules production of vitamin D needed for fat digestion

answer

production of vitamin D

question

In a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, which generation is always completely heterozygous? F3 generation F2 generation F1 generation P generation

answer

F1 generation

question

If a pea plant shows a recessive phenotype, the genotype may be TT or Tt. the genotype can only be TT. the genotype may be TT, Tt, or tt. the genotype may be Tt or tt. the genotype can only be tt.

answer

the genotype can only be tt.

question

Women with X-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder to ______, while men with X-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder to _______. both their daughters and sons; only their daughters both their daughters and sons; only their sons both their daughters and sons; their daughters and sons only their daughters; only their daughters

answer

both their daughters and sons; only their daughters

question

Generally, it is not possible to determine whether nondisjunction failed to occur in oogenesis or spermatogenesis. However, it is possible to assert that _________ resulted in nondisjunction in __________. XYY; spermatogenesis XXY; oogenesis XO; oogenesis XXY; spermatogenesis XXX; oogenesis

answer

XYY; spermatogenesis

question

The F2 offspring of a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents would produce the genotype(s) Aa only. AA only. AA and Aa. AA, Aa, and aa. Aa and aa.

answer

AA, Aa, and aa.

question

The offspring of a monohybrid testcross would have what possible genotype(s)? Aa and aa. aa only. AA and Aa. AA only. AA, Aa, and aa.

answer

Aa and aa.

question

What are alleles? the locations of genes on a chromosome recessive forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes genes for different traits, such as hair color or eye color alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes dominant forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes

answer

alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes

question

If an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype, 4 of their 9 offspring show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of the first parent? AA aa The answer cannot be determined from this information. Aa

answer

question

After leaving our left ventricle, blood next passes through the atrioventricular valve. left atrium. semilunar valve. aorta. vena cava.

answer

semilunar valve.

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question

answer

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

question

Which of the following features would be used to construct a phylogenic tree? homologous structures fossil record data DNA-DNA hybridization amino acid sequences All of the above.

answer

All of the above.

question

answer

Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi

question

Which kingdom or supergroup is characterized by organisms that are heterotrophic by ingestion? Protists Plant Animal Fungi

answer

Animal

question

answer

Based on molecular data, Monera has been divided into the two distinct domains, Archaea and Bacteria.

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

the copperheads are subspecies and the cottonmouth is a separate species.

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

In cladistics, _______________ is(are) the primary criterion used to classify organisms. ecological niche common ancestry mating behavior observable traits All of the above.

answer

common ancestry

question

answer

They may include any of these choices.

question

The Greek root words for "branch" and "picture" form the biological term cladogram. taxonomy. systematics. binomial nomenclature. phenogram.

answer

cladogram

question

A(n) _______ is one that is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group. clade analogous structure shared derived character divergence shared ancestral character

answer

shared ancestral character

question

answer

shared derived character (trait).

question

answer

homology

question

answer

chickens are more closely related to ducks than they are to humans.

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

Analogous structures are derived from a common ancestral structure to perform the same function.

question

answer

five new supergroups.

question

answer

the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly

question

answer

''primitive" and ''derived," since some early forms became very complex and some evolved forms are derived from them but lost characters and are simple.

question

answer

Prokaryotes to Protists, from Protists separately to Fungi, Plants, and Animals

question

answer

None of the choices are true.

question

answer

thermoacidophilic archaea

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

is the specific study of identification, naming, and classification of organisms.

question

Single celled eukaryotic cells belong to which of the following kingdoms? Animalia Protista Fungi Plantae

answer

Protista

question

answer

All of the above are true.

question

answer

Plantae: multicellular and photoautotrophic

question

If you were using cladistics to construct a phylogenetic tree of birds, what is the best outgroup? bats eagles robins eastern bluebirds

answer

bats

question

answer

chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein shell

question

Pasteur chose the Latin root word for "virus" meaning poison. particle. extremely small. contagious. non-living.

answer

poison.

question

Which of the following could be used to grow viruses in the laboratory? chicken eggs cell culture bacteria All of the choices could be used.

answer

All of the choices could be used.

question

Ivanowsky first recognized that something smaller than a bacterium, called a filterable virus, was able to cause disease in the year 1650. 1700. 1892. 2001. 1965.

answer

1892.

question

The innermost portion of a virus' structure is made up of both DNA and RNA. either DNA or RNA. a membranous envelope. a protein capsid. spikes.

answer

either DNA or RNA.

question

answer

when infected people develop immunity to the present virus, strains that mutate sufficiently to be outside the range of immunity are soon spread in highly populated areas.

question

If a virus is latent, it has not entered a lytic cycle. has not entered a lysogenic cycle. is gaining a new envelope via "budding." is easy to develop immunity against it. cannot be a retrovirus.

answer

has not entered a lytic cycle.

question

Some, but not all, virus capsids are surrounded by _________. a protein capsid a membranous envelope either DNA or RNA both DNA and RNA a protein spore coat

answer

a membranous envelope

question

answer

have a special protein on its surface that can interact with a protein on the surface of the host cell.

question

The cycle of viral infection of a bacterial cell that will cause its death most rapidly is called the _______ cycle. lysozyme lysosome lysol lytic lysogenic

answer

lytic

question

The cycle of viral infection in which the viral DNA is integrated into the bacterial DNA is called the _______ cycle. lysosome lysol lysogenic lysozyme lytic

answer

lysogenic

question

answer

It remains in the host cell genome, but is not replicated when host DNA is replicated.

question

answer

fusion of its envelope with the host cell's plasma envelope.

question

answer

Attachment, Viral DNA penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation and Release

question

Which of the following is not a viral disease? West Nile Encephalitis AIDS tetanus Ebola Hemorrhagic fever

answer

tetanus

question

answer

their method of reproduction, whether asexual or sexual.

question

A circular piece of RNA that interrupts the normal regulatory systems in plants, thereby causing disease is a prion. plant virus. viroid. bacterium.

answer

viroid.

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

All of the following are means of genetic recombination in prokaryotes EXCEPT transduction. crossing over. conjugation. transformation.

answer

crossing over.

question

answer

transformation.

question

Bacteriophages carry portions of bacterial DNA from one cell to another in a process called replication. transformation. infection. conjugation. transduction.

answer

transduction.

question

answer

They do not divide by mitosis.

question

Prokaryotes generally range in size from 1-10 µm. 50-100nm 10-400 nm. 20-300 mm. 10-100 µm.

answer

1-10 µm.

question

When conditions are unfavorable, some Gram positive bacteria form endospores. capsules. pili. galls thylakoids.

answer

endospores

question

Which of these diseases could NOT be treated with antibiotics? chlamydia scarlet fever plague influenza

answer

influenza

question

Similarities between the archaea and eukarya include same ribosomal proteins. similar tRNA. similar initiation of transcription. All of the choices are correct similarities. A and B only.

answer

All of the choices are correct similarities.

question

Prokaryotes are now divided into the bacteria and cyanobacteria. autotrophs and heterotrophs. archaea and cyanobacteria. archaea and bacteria. photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria.

answer

archaea and bacteria.

question

answer

they are harmful human pathogens.

question

answer

thermophiles - live in extremely cold temperatures.

question

answer

All of the above choices are correct.

question

answer

All of the above choices are correct.

question

answer

Bacillus anthracis.

question

answer

They are viruses that infect plant and fungal cells.

question

The most widely accepted formal classification of protists assigns them to the kingdom Protista. six different supergroups. Domain Archaea. A and C are correct.

answer

six different supergroups.

question

answer

All of the above apply.

question

Which disease is mismatched with the incorrect causative agent? fish ick - a ciliate malaria - an amebozoan African sleeping sickness - a trypanosome fish kills - dinoflagellate

answer

malaria - an amebozoan

question

_________ is a mixotrophic protozoan that is able to combine autotrophic and heterotrophic nutritional modes. Amoeba Euglena Giardia Plasmodium

answer

Euglena

question

answer

cyst - a reproductive structure

question

Which is NOT part of the correct description of a protozoan? eukaryotic usually motile heterotrophic multicellular

answer

multicellular

question

answer

lack plant structures such as true roots, stems, and leaves.

question

answer

freshwater or marine organisms that are suspended on or near the surface of water.

question

Which protist is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement it shows? amoeboids—pseudopodia sporozoan—flexing the pellicle ciliates-—cilia zooflagellates—flagella

answer

sporozoan—flexing the pellicle

question

answer

may be asexual or any of these sexual cycles.

question

Which of the following alga is mismatched with its description? Ulva—multicellular Chara—multicellular Volvox—filamentous Chlamydomonas—unicellular

answer

Volvox—filamentous

question

DNA sequencing suggests that among the green algae, the __________ are most closely related to land plants. Volvox Chara Ulva Chlamydomonas Spirogyra

answer

Chara

question

A certain type of this algae has cell walls impregnated with calcium carbonate and helps to build coral reefs. multicellular green algae brown algae dinoflagellates diatoms red algae

answer

red algae

question

"Red tides" are produced by massive blooms of multicellular green algae. dinoflagellates. brown algae. red algae. diatoms.

answer

dinoflagellates.

question

answer

eliminating excess water.

question

The deposits of chalky fossils that built the White Cliffs of Dover were formed by foraminiferans. ciliates. diatoms (as diatomaceous earth). radiolaria. dinoflagellates.

answer

foraminiferans

question

Supergroup Opisthokinta includes all of the following organisms EXCEPT plants. choanoflagellates. fungi. animals.

answer

plants

question

answer

A and C only.

question

answer

The micronucleus is exchanged in conjugation; the macronucleus is for general cell housekeeping.

question

A flagellated protist that is sexually transmitted is Paramecium. Entamoeba. Plasmodium. Trichomonas. Giardia.

answer

Trichomonas

question

Which can have a cellular form as well as an acellular (plasmodial) form with multiple nuclei? diatoms zooflagellates ciliates slime molds sporozoa

answer

slime molds

question

answer

All of these characteristics distinguish slime molds from fungi.

question

answer

prokaryotes evolved when an aerobic bacterium engulfed a cyanobacterium.

question

Plasmodium has two hosts in its life cycle. They are deer ticks and deer. tsetse flies and humans. nutria and birds. mosquitoes and humans.

answer

mosquitoes and humans.

question

A cyst is a dormant cell with a resistant outer covering. helps protists over winter. aids a parasite in the survival of the host's digestive tract. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

Giardia lamblia—malaria

question

An eyespot is a pigmented organelle that shields light. a protein band beneath the plasma membrane. a swelling near the base of a long flagellum that detects light. All of the choices are true.

answer

a pigmented organelle that shields light.

question

A common cause of amoebic dysentery is Trichomonas vaginalis. Entamoeba histolytica. Giardia intestinalis. Plasmodium falciparum

answer

Entamoeba histolytica.

question

Amoebic dysentery is transmitted by (through) having sex with an infected partner. the bite of a mosquito. the bite of a tsetse fly. ingesting contaminated water or food.

answer

ingesting contaminated water or food.

question

In Plasmodium, sexual reproduction occurs in the _________, while asexual reproduction occurs in ________. humans; mosquitoes deer tick; deer mosquito; humans tsetse fly; humans

answer

mosquito; humans

question

Which of the following spores is the result of asexual reproduction? basidiospores zygospores ascospores sporangiospores

answer

sporangiospores

question

Which of the following structures are NOT involved in sexual reproduction? mushrooms conidia gametangia ascocarps

answer

conidia

question

Fungal diseases include all of the following EXCEPT athlete's foot. Strep throat (pharyngitis). histoplasmosis. thrush.

answer

Strep throat (pharyngitis).

question

answer

The energy reserve of fungi is starch while the energy reserve of animals is glycogen.

question

answer

determined by whether the hyphae have cross walls or lack cross walls.

question

answer

contain paired haploid nuclei that fail to fuse for an extended period of time.

question

The term "dikaryotic" is based on the Greek root words meaning two-walled. begin to germinate. anti-bacterial. two nuclei. half nuclei or haploid.

answer

two nuclei.

question

One of the long, branching filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus is called a(n) ascospore. hypha. basidiospore. mycelium. conidium.

answer

hypha

question

A mushroom would produce a sexual spore known as a(n) hypha. conidium. basidiospore. ascospore. mycelium.

answer

basidiospore

question

answer

All of these are differences between fungi and plants.

question

answer

a possible controlled parasitism wherein the fungi withdraw food from the algae and the algae do not benefit from the association.

question

answer

The bread was sterilized when it was baked and thereafter mold spores from the air settle only on the outside of the cooled bread.

question

The parasitic sac fungus that grows on rye and other grains and contains the hallucinogenic chemical lysergic acid is Saccharomyces. ergot. Rhizopus. Penicillin. Aspergillus.

answer

ergot

question

A sexual spore produced by a sac fungus is called a(n) hypha. ascospore. mycelium. conidiospore. basidiospore.

answer

ascospore

question

An asexual spore produced by a sac fungus or club fungus is called a(n) conidiospore. mycelium. basidiospore. hypha. ascospore.

answer

conidiospore

question

The presence of ____________ indicates that the air is healthy for humans to breathe. yeast ergot lichens smuts mycorrhizae

answer

lichens

question

answer

basidiospores

question

The fungi that parasitize cereal crops such as corn, wheat, oats, and rye are the stinkhorns. lichens. truffles. rusts and smuts. yeasts.

answer

rusts and smuts

question

answer

Rusts and smuts—truffles

question

Crustose, fruticose, and foliose are varieties of lichens. mycorrhizae. rusts and smuts. mushrooms. yeasts.

answer

lichens

question

answer

None are mismatched. They are all correctly matched.

question

Species of ________ are known to consume jet fuel and wall paint. sac fungi Chytrids AM fungi club fungi

answer

sac fungi

question

Yeasts are members of the ascomycota. reproduce asexually by budding. are responsible for beer, wine, and bread production. All of the choices are correct. A and C only are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

A and C are true.

question

Mycorrhizal sac fungi that live in association with oak and beech tree roots are truffles. yeast. chytrids. ergot.

answer

truffles.

question

answer

Chytridiomycota

question

answer

fungal and human cells are so similar that it is difficult to make fungal medications that do not harm human cells.

question

__________, a black mold that grows well on building materials, causes "sick building syndrome" in those who have been chronically exposed to its toxins. Candida Histoplasma Stachybotrys Aspergillus

answer

Stachybotrys

question

Poisonous or physiologically active chemicals include all of the following EXCEPT psilocybin, a structural analog of LSD and mescaline. muscarine and muscaridine. digitoxin. ergot alkaloids.

answer

digitoxin

question

answer

Histoplasma

question

The particular place where an organism lives is its community. ecosystem. niche. habitat. life zone.

answer

habitat

question

answer

density-dependent environmental resistance increases.

question

answer

Denitrification removes nitrogen from the atmosphere and converts it to a form that plants can use.

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

Some water evaporates from land and from plants.

question

answer

r-strategists

question

answer

possible since carbon cycles through the biosphere.

question

Which of the following resources is NOT subject to interspecific competition? space food mates water sunlight

answer

mates

question

answer

have only a single reproductive event in their lifetime.

question

answer

actions of an animal that immediately benefit others rather than itself.

question

answer

demographic transition.

question

Opportunistic species are slow to mature. are adapted to stable environments. have long life spans. are good dispersers and colonizers of new habitats. are composed of large individual organisms.

answer

are good dispersers and colonizers of new habitats.

question

answer

a pheromone pathway laid down by previous ants.

question

The frequent change in HIV surface proteins is a type of parasitism. commensalisms. coevolution. mutualism.

answer

coevolution

question

answer

primary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms.

question

answer

All behaviors can be explained as fixed action patterns.

question

Primate grooming and honeybee waggle-dancing share which of these forms of communication? tactile communication chemical communication visual communication auditory communication

answer

tactile communication

question

Advantages to living in a social group for an animal includes all of the following EXCEPT group food gathering. spread of illness and parasites. help in predator avoidance. help raising young.

answer

spread of illness and parasites.

question

answer

type III

question

The stimulus for foraging is the defense of a home range. sexual desires. hunger. protecting young offspring from predators.

answer

hunger

question

Energy flow in an ecosystem begins with herbivores. detritivores. carnivores. omnivores. autotrophs.

answer

autotrophs

question

The actual conditions under which an organism exists in nature constitute its fundamental niche. realized niche. habitat. resource partition.

answer

realized niche.

question

answer

population densities

question

The "period" gene controls maternal behavior in mice. the biological clock in insects and mammals. the egg-laying process in marine snails. the ability to navigate in migrating birds.

answer

the biological clock in insects and mammals.

question

answer

Semelparity evolves in a stable environment.

question

answer

Ozone destruction is catalyzed by chlorofluorocarbons like Freon.

question

In African tribes polygamy is practiced. The advantage to the female is more surviving children. good food source. help in child rearing. All of the choices are advantages to the female.

answer

All of the choices are advantages to the female.

question

____ is the interaction between two species as both attempt to use the same environmental resources. Competition. An ecosystem. A community. Predation. Symbiosis.

answer

Competition

question

answer

inherited systems that are evolutionarily adaptive.

question

answer

insight learning.

question

_______ occurs when males have limited mating opportunities. Monogamy Polyanthrus Homosexuality Polygamy

answer

Monogamy

question

answer

both the number of species and the evenness or relative abundance of individuals of the different species

question

answer

herbivore - eats producers and performs photosynthesis

question

answer

equilibrium is reached when the rate of immigrations matches the rate of species extinction.

question

answer

the population growth slowing to zero.

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

time for development of the soil.

question

An increase in fitness due to competition among males and mate choice by females is a result of sexual dimorphism. sociobiology. social interaction. courtship. sexual selection.

answer

sexual selection.

question

answer

individuals dying at a constant rate throughout time.

question

________ communication occurs within an animal societal unit. Chemical Auditory Visual Tactile All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

a red-winged blackbird singing to ward off other males and attract a female to the nest in his fencerow.

question

All the populations of all the different species interacting with one another in the same environment is called predation. symbiosis. diversity. a community. an ecosystem.

answer

a community.

question

answer

a proximate cause.

question

answer

death rate is greater than birth rate.

question

answer

both the biotic and the abiotic components of the local environment.

question

The "sensitive period" is associated with operant conditioning. extinction. imprinting. insight learning. motivation.

answer

imprinting

question

answer

the limited availability of renewable resources in the environment and the environmental resistance to the biotic potential of the organism.

question

The greenhouse gases include all of the following EXCEPT carbon dioxide. water. methane. nitrous oxide.

answer

water

question

Approximately what percentage of the energy in one trophic level is incorporated into the next trophic level? 10% 100% 60% 30% 1%

answer

10%

question

A harmless fly resembling a stinging wasp is a Mullerian mimic. a Batesian mimic. commensalism. a case of mutual camouflage.

answer

a Batesian mimic

question

answer

the same habitat but different niches.

question

answer

urn

question

_____ occurs when one living organism feeds on another. Competition Commensalism Predation Mimicry Symbiosis

answer

Predation

question

answer

All of the choices are correct

question

A male leopard nuzzles the female's neck to calm her and to stimulate her willingness to mate. This is an example of _____ communication. tactile auditory chemical visual

answer

tactile

question

answer

competitive exclusion

question

Learned behavior that causes a family of baby ducks to follow their mother is called imprinting. extinction. operant conditioning. insight learning. motivation.

answer

imprinting

question

answer

allows the animal to produce the largest number of viable offspring.

question

answer

a geological component, in which chemicals move through the soil or the air

question

answer

operant conditioning.

question

answer

zero, because there is exact replacement of the previous generation

question

answer

the body language of various species.

question

answer

An efficient parasite usually kills its host.

question

answer

food chains are only 10 to 20% efficient at each step, and top carnivores are therefore limited by the availability of food in their range.

question

A pond represents a(n) _______ while the minnows represent a(n) ______. ecosystem; population ecosystem; community community; population population; community population; ecosystem

answer

ecosystem; population

question

answer

question

answer

only one species per jar.

question

answer

These worker bees are more related to hive offspring than they would be if they were fertile and produced offspring.

question

Which of the following may be a secondary or tertiary consumer? omnivore autotroph detritovore herbivore

answer

omnivore

question

Scientific discoveries have provided evidence that the ______ systems are involved in behavior. respiratory and digestive excretory and circulatory digestive and reproductive endocrine and nervous

answer

endocrine and nervous

question

answer

a chemical released by males that reduces premenstrual tension in women.

question

Which of the following associations between organism and nutrient source is incorrect? earthworms - detritivores cows - herbivores bacteria - decomposers humans - carnivores raccoons - omnivores

answer

humans - carnivores

question

answer

All of these choices limit exponential growth.

question

Population size levels off at the _______ of an environment. environmental resistance carrying capacity biotic potential population growth

answer

carrying capacity

question

answer

A couple adopt a child that is not related to them.

question

Hippopotamuses perform territorial displays that include mouth opening. This is _____ communication. chemical auditory visual tactile

answer

visual

question

All of the conditions under which an organism could conceivably survive and reproduce constitute its resource partition. habitat. realized niche. fundamental niche.

answer

fundamental niche.

question

answer

biotic potential.

question

answer

the greenhouse effect, which is a proven and measurable phenomenon.

question

answer

kin selection.

question

answer

Pyramids built upon the biomass of organisms at each level eliminate size as a factor.

question

Pavlov's well known experiment of a dog salivating at the sound of a bell ring is an example of classical conditioning. imprinting. operant conditioning. insight learning.

answer

classical conditioning.

question

Besides humans, _____ have one of the most complex languages in the animal kingdom. bottlenose dolphins crickets chimpanzees kilpspringers

answer

bottlenose dolphins

question

very rapid kind of communication that works at a distance and in the dark is visual communication. tactile communication. auditory communication. chemical communication.

answer

auditory communication.

question

answer

foraged in different places of the tree canopy.

question

answer

a population's distribution is calculated as the number of individuals per unit area.

question

answer

B. F. Skinner.

question

answer

increase the inclusive fitness of the altruist.

question

answer

many reproductive events occur throughout an organism's lifetime.

question

answer

exponential growth of a population, followed by a population crash.

question

The freshwater available for use by the human population makes up about ____ of the world's supply of water. 50% 25% 10% 3%

answer

question

answer

the scale insect was r-selected and the high number of young included a resistant strain; the predator was K-selected and will take longer to produce a resistant variety.

question

female chooses a mate by courtship display rituals. selecting the more aggressive and vigorous males. selecting traits that improve the chances of offspring survival. All of the choices apply.

answer

All of the choices apply.

question

answer

All of the choices are true.

question

answer

converted to heat, which is no longer useful.

question

A(n) _______ consists of all the populations of multiple species interacting in a designated region. ecosystem community biosphere None of the choices are correct.

answer

community

question

Dogs scent-mark by defecating and urinating in an area, while cats scent-mark by rubbing against objects. These are examples of foraging. sexual selection. territoriality. altruism.

answer

territoriality

question

answer

successful reproduction of its members.

question

answer

genes can control endocrine gland secretions that control behavior.

question

The only heterotrophs required in an ecosystem are herbivores. decomposers. omnivores. autotrophs. carnivores.

answer

decomposers

question

What factors help migrating birds to find their destination? the sun during the day the stars at night a biological clock the Earth's magnetic field All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

commensalism

question

The making of a short-term reproductive sacrifice in order to maximize future reproductive potential is kin selection. territoriality. reciprocal altruism. inclusive fitness.

answer

reciprocal altruism.

question

answer

all the individuals in a population born at the same time.

question

answer

A decline in the numbers of prey causes a decline in the number of predators.

question

answer

an example of resource partitioning.

question

Altrusim is derived from the Latin root word meaning selfish. the other. sympathetic. genetic.

answer

the other.

question

answer

a decrease in growth in most, but not all, more-developed countries and continued growth in most less-developed countries.

question

Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle or nerve cell? G1 phase G0 phase G2 phase M phase S phase

answer

G0 phase

question

In the life cycle of animals, ________ have the haploid number of chromosomes. skin and blood cells sperm and egg cells muscle and nerve cells all body cells

answer

sperm and egg cells

question

answer

crossing over of sister chromatids

question

Another name for a tetrad is a/an gamete. öocyte. polar body. bivalent. homologue

answer

bivalent

question

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of both DNA and protein. may occur as chromatin. contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space. All of the choices are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

During which stage of meiosis does homologue separation occur? prophase I telophase I prophase II anaphase II anaphase I

answer

anaphase I

question

The cell formed through fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a/an zygote. gamete. egg cell. sperm cell. ovum.

answer

zygote

question

answer

metastasis occurring more commonly in organs that have a filter effect.

question

At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid? anaphase II metaphase I prophase II prophase I metaphase II

answer

anaphase II

question

The location on a chromosome where a particular gene is located is known as the: diploid autosome dihybrid allele locus

answer

locus

question

Which of the following is NOT a trait that is the result of, or is affected by, the interaction of more than one gene? human skin color sickle cell anemia cleft palate height

answer

sickle cell anemia

question

Which of the following crosses would always result in offspring that only display the dominant phenotype? TT x tt Tt x Tt TT x TT Tt x tt both A and C

answer

both A and C

question

answer

He had studied mathematics and probability.

question

answer

an old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between those of the parents

question

answer

All of the above were important characteristics in Mendel's selection.

question

The vibration felt in arterial walls due to expansion of the aorta following ventricle contraction is the cardiac cycle. blood pressure. pulse. electrocardiogram.

answer

pulse

question

answer

Large molecules, such as plasma albumin, never cross the capillary wall into tissue fluid.

question

answer

the release of carbon dioxide and absorption of oxygen by blood.

question

answer

atrioventricular valves.

question

answer

two atria and two ventricles

question

Major cardiovascular disorders include all of the following EXCEPT hypertension. stroke. diabetes. atherosclerosis.

answer

diabetes

question

answer

Sequence: 3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 7

question

answer

it does not contain hemoglobin or any other respiratory pigment.

question

answer

blood pressure and osmotic pressure

question

answer

skeletal muscle contraction

question

The Greek root word for "contraction" underlies the term systole. arteriole. cardiovascular. diastole. thromboembolism.

answer

systole.

question

Which of these white blood cells are phagocytic? both neutrophils and macrophages lymphocytes macrophages both lymphocytes and macrophages neutrophils

answer

both neutrophils and macrophages

question

answer

All of the choices are means of lowering risk for CVD.

question

answer

They are mainly produced in the liver.

question

Which structure does blood pass through immediately before entering the right atrium? aorta left atrium vena cava semilunar valve atrioventricular valve

answer

vena cava

question

Which organism has hemoglobin located in the fluid portion of the blood, giving it a red appearance? earthworm grasshopper human flatworm bird

answer

earthworm

question

answer

B antigens, antibodies to A, and Rh antigens.

question

The Latin root word for "great artery" underlies the term hepatic portal. vena cava. coronary. pulmonary. aorta.

answer

aorta.

question

answer

a protein or polysaccharide that is recognized as foreign by a cell of the immune system

question

The human heart is composed of muscle fibers called myocardium. an outer membranous sac called the pericardium. endocardium. All of the choices are correct. B and C only are correct.

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

answer

hepatic portal vein.

question

answer

the pulmonary artery and vein; they would have to be switched.

question

Which kind of white blood cell is involved in the production of antibodies? monocytes eosinophils macrophage neutrophils B lymphocytes

answer

B lymphocytes

question

What would cause you to believe that someone has a heart murmur? an irregular ECG low blood pressure irregular heart beats irregular heart sounds instead of sharp lub-dub sounds

answer

irregular heart sounds instead of sharp lub-dub sounds

question

answer

two atria and one ventricle

question

The coronary arteries are important because they serve the heart. urinary tract. brain. lungs. intestine and liver.

answer

heart

question

The Greek root words for "heart" and "vessels" underlies the term atrioventricular. thromboembolism. arteriole. cardiovascular. diastole.

answer

cardiovascular.

question

The vessels in our circulatory system that allow molecules to diffuse across to tissues are venules. veins. arteries. capillaries. lymph vessels.

answer

capillaries.

question

Normal blood pressure in a 25-year-old person would likely be close to ____ mm Hg. 150/95 120/50 120/80 200/120 100/40

answer

120/80

question

Which of the following has a four-chambered heart like humans? birds some reptiles amphibians All of the choices are correct. A and B are correct.

answer

A and B are correct.

question

After leaving our left ventricle, blood next passes through the atrioventricular valve. left atrium. semilunar valve. aorta. vena cava.

answer

semilunar valve.

question

Which type of blood component is involved in the initiation of clotting? platelets red blood cells white blood cells plasma proteins

answer

platelets

question

The pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system is the sinoatrial node. medulla oblongata. atrioventricular node. Purkinje fibers.

answer

sinoatrial node.

question

answer

two atria and a partially divided ventricle

question

Microvilli serve to synthesize vitamins. secrete bile. produce antibodies. absorb nutrients.

answer

absorb nutrients.

question

_____ acts on proteins to produce peptides which are later broken down into _____ in the small intestine. Pepsin; amino acids Salivary amylase; amino acids Pepsin; fatty acids. Maltase; glucose

answer

Pepsin; amino acids

question

An animal with an incomplete gut is the grasshopper. earthworm. squid. planarian. human.

answer

planarian.

question

answer

Growth in children may be delayed or stunted if essential amino acids are not present in their diets.

question

answer

B and C are correct.

question

answer

Feces consists of about 25% water and 75% solids that are mainly bacteria from the intestinal tract.

question

The tubular structure that moves food by peristalsis from the mouth to the stomach is the trachea. esophagus. glottis. tongue. epiglottis.

answer

esophagus.

question

The Greek root words meaning "within" and "eat" are the basis for the term stomach. esophagus. intestine. pancreas. mouth.

answer

esophagus.

question

________ is contained in pancreatic juice to neutralize the acidity of chyme from the stomach. Bile Trypsin Sodium bicarbonate Pancreatic amylase

answer

Sodium bicarbonate

question

The dentition of omnivores is specialized for ______ in their diets. meat only bacteria only both plants and meat plants only

answer

both plants and meat

question

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called sphincters. mucosa. lacteals. constrictors. dilators.

answer

sphincters.

question

answer

stomach and small intestine.

question

answer

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 promolars, 3 molars

question

The pH of the stomach is usually about ______. 4.0 2.0 7.0 5.0 8.0

answer

2.0

question

Abnormally large amounts of bilirubin in the blood will cause the rolling stones. jaundice. kidney stones. cirrhosis of the liver. gallstones.

answer

jaundice.

question

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of digestion? pancreas salivary glands appendix gall bladder

answer

appendix

question

answer

All of the choices are correct.

question

The digestive system functions in the chemical breakdown of food. mechanical breakdown of food. elimination of waste products. absorption of food molecules. All of the choices are true.

answer

All of the choices are true.

question

The function of canine teeth in humans is grinding. tearing. crushing. shearing. biting.

answer

tearing.

question

answer

They can become inflamed and cause tonsillitis.

question

Which of the following would be classified as a carnivore? brown bear dolphin human raccoon rat

answer

dolphin

question

The finger-like projections along the surface of the small intestines are called lacteals. capillaries. appendices. microvilli. mucosa.

answer

microvilli.

question

The liver functions in digestion by producing urea. producing bile. destroying old red blood cells. converting hemoglobin to bilirubin and biliverdin. producing blood proteins.

answer

producing bile.

question

answer

squids are continuous feeders.

question

In humans, digestion of starches begins in the stomach. large intestine. mouth. esophagus. duodenum.

answer

mouth.

question

In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen. fat. protein. starch. amino acids.

answer

glycogen.

question

The small intestines receive bile from the liver and gall bladder. pancreatic juices from the pancreas. chyme from the stomach. All of the above are correct. A and C are correct.

answer

All of the above are correct.

question

answer

storage of food and mixing with digestive fluids to continue chemical digestion.

question

Which mineral is especially important for women to incorporate into their diet if they are menstruating? aluminum sodium iron magnesium

answer

iron

question

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the larynx. glottis. pharynx. sphincter muscle. epiglottis.

answer

epiglottis.

question

answer

LDL; HDL

question

answer

trypsin

question

Water retention and high blood pressure are associated with an excess intake of calcium. sodium. magnesium. iron. zinc.

answer

sodium.

question

Which of the following is considered an accessory gland in the digestive system? stomach esophagus pancreas cecum pharynx

answer

pancreas

question

What is a chronic disease of the liver, often seen in alcoholics, where healthy tissue is replaced by inactive fibrous scar tissue? AIDS appendicitis Hepatitis A cirrhosis

answer

cirrhosis

question

The digestive juices found in the stomach include pancreatic and salivary amylase. trypsin and maltase. insulin and bile. pepsin and hydrochloric acid. sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid.

answer

pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

question

answer

a herbivore with extra stomach separations.

question

answer

maltose; glucose

question

Chyme is produced in the small intestine. stomach. large intestine. esophagus.

answer

stomach.

question

answer

the clam has a single opening for the entry of food and the exit of digestive wastes.

question

answer

the small intestine; detoxified

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of bile salts? act as emulsifiers aid the enzyme lipase in the digestion of fat molecules production of vitamin D needed for fat digestion

answer

production of vitamin D

question

answer

F1 generation

question

If a pea plant shows a recessive phenotype, the genotype may be TT or Tt. the genotype can only be TT. the genotype may be TT, Tt, or tt. the genotype may be Tt or tt. the genotype can only be tt.

answer

the genotype can only be tt.

question

answer

both their daughters and sons; only their daughters

question

answer

XYY; spermatogenesis

question

answer

AA, Aa, and aa.

question

The offspring of a monohybrid testcross would have what possible genotype(s)? Aa and aa. aa only. AA and Aa. AA only. AA, Aa, and aa.

answer

Aa and aa.

question

answer

alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes

question

answer

question

After leaving our left ventricle, blood next passes through the atrioventricular valve. left atrium. semilunar valve. aorta. vena cava.

answer

semilunar valve.

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