Biology Evolution Study Guide – Flashcards
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evolution
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The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms; change over time
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artificial selection
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Selective breeding for specific traits.
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fitness
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The ability to survive and reproduce
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adaptation
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Any inherited characteristic or trait that increase an organism's chance of surviving
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uniformitarianism
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The idea that Earth's geological processes which are at work today have been going on since the creation of the Earth
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vestigial organs
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Organs that no longer have any use but did in our ancestors and are passed on
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homologous structures
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Similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor
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analagous structures
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Perform the same or similar function but evolved separately
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fossil
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Preserved remains of living things
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
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Scientist who thought organisms could acquire traits if they wanted to and could pass them on to their offspring
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Charles Darwin
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Scientists who traveled to the Galapagos Islands to study animals and published a book called On the Origin of Species
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Natural Selection
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Changes in the inherited characteristics (traits) of a population
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Hutton and Lyell
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First to suggest that the world was very, very old
