Biology DNA Unit Study Guide
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What three scientists played a key role in discovering DNAs structure? Why were each important?
answer
Watson and crick received the nobel prize for the DNA structure and Franklin made the Photo 51
question
DNA is Shaped as a __ or __
answer
Double Helix or Twisted ladder
question
What is the monomer of DNA? What are the three parts?
answer
Nucleotides, sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
question
Where is DNA in a eukaryotic cell? Why is it here and not in the cytoplasm?
answer
nucleus it's too big to be anywhere else
question
When in the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
answer
synthesis phase in interphase
question
Summarize DNA replication
answer
Helicase unwinds the strand and breaks it apart, nucleotides are added to each and two identical strands are formed
question
What is teh result of cell replication?
answer
there are now two identical dna strands
question
What does \"semi conservative\" mean?
answer
saves half, recreates half (DNA strands)
question
Explain the differences in RNA and DNA
answer
1) DNA is double stranded, and RNA is one strand. 2) RNA has Uracil, DNA has thymine. 3) RNA is in the cytoplasm, DNA in the nucleus
question
What are base pairing rules of DNA to DNA
answer
T-A G-C
question
What processes require DNA to be replicated?
answer
Replication of cells
question
What are bonds broken
answer
hydrogen bonds
question
What are the three types of RNA? What are their roles in protein synthesis?
answer
tRNA- carries amino acids to match mRNA mRNA- carries genetic info rRNA- forms with protein and ribosomes
question
What is a chromosome? What is a gene?
answer
DNA wrapped around histones, and hereditary carrying piece
question
Define chromatin
answer
DNA and Proteins in the nucleus
question
What are histones
answer
proteins formed in eukaryotic cell that package and order DNA
question
What is protein synthesis?
answer
When mRNA translates to make protein
question
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
answer
DNA>RNA>Protein
question
Explain the process of transcription, where does it happen, why it happens, and how
answer
DNA is made into a smaller copy and unwound, then mRNA copies and leaves the nucleus
question
Explain translation- how, why, when, where, what starts it, and when it ends
answer
In translation, mRNA is decoded into Amino Acids, that form proteins. It happens in ribosomes and ends when it hits a stop codon.
question
What is a codon?
answer
3 nucleotides on mRNA
question
What is an anticodon?
answer
the complementary strand to codons, made of TRNA
question
What builds a protein?
answer
Amino Acids
question
What does the order of DNA bases determine when making a protein?
answer
Amino acids
question
What is a stop codon? What does it stop?
answer
It's a strand of three nucleotides on mRNA. It stops the making of a protein
question
What is a mutation? What could cause them?
answer
When DNA strands are copied wrong. Mess ups by DNA or any piece of replication
question
Why is the DNA code considered universal?
answer
All living things are made of DNA
question
What is an enzyme? Which enzyme is important in this chapter?
answer
Enzymes are catalysts for reactions. Helicase
question
Deoxyribose
answer
With phosphates, makes the sides of the \"twisted ladder\"
question
phosphate
answer
With Deoxyribose, makes the sides of the \"twisted ladder\"
question
nitrogenous base
answer
A goes with T, G with C. Make up rungs of \"ladder\"
question
nucleotide
answer
Half a base with a deoxyribose and a phosphate
question
double helix
answer
Shape of the DNA
question
hydrogen bonds
answer
Hold bases together
question
Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of protein
answer
It's a failsafe for mutation
question
How many amino acids are there?
answer
20
question
The cell uses info from mRNA to produce
answer
Protein
question
During translation, the tupw of amino acid that is added to th egrowing polypeptide depends on the ______ on the mRNA and the ________ on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached
answer
Codon-Anticodon
question
where does translation take place?
answer
ribosomes
question
What bases are on the end of the twisted strands?
answer
anticodons
question
What do the strands and bases connect to in translation
answer
mRNA
question
What are the twisted strands in translation?
answer
tRNA
