Biology Chp 5 Populations – Flashcards
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The human population size has _____________ over time.
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grown
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Birthrates, death rates, and ________ are factors that help predict population growth rates.
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immigration
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On a graph of population, the size of the population when the growth rate decreases to zero represents an area's...
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density-independent limiting factor
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Parasitism is an example of a...
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density-dependent limiting factor
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A natural disaster is classified as a...
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density-independent limiting factor
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The scientific study of human populations is called...
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demography
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The tendency of a population to shift from high birth and death rates is called a...
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demographic transition
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Populations that have not undergone demographic transition typically characterized by...
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small families
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What is another name for a population profile?
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age-structure diagram
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Population Limiting Factors:
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- Density-Dependent Factors - Density-Independent Factors
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Density-Dependent Factors affect populations...
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depending on density
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Density-Independent Factors affect populations...
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regardless of density
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Examples of density-dependent factors:
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- competition - predation - parasitism - disease
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Examples of density-independent factors:
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- seasonal cycles - natural disasters - unusual weather - human activities
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What characteristics are used to describe a population?
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- geographic distribution - density - growth rate
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What factors affect population size?
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- births - deaths - immanent/emigrants
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What is exponential growth?
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growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
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What is logistic growth?
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growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period exponential growth
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population density
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number of individuals per unit of area
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immigration
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movement of individuals into an area occupied by an existing population
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emigration
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movement of individuals out of an area
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carrying capacity
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largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support
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4 Characteristics of population:
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- geographic distribution - density - growth rate - population's age structure
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3 Factors that affect population size:
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- number of births - number of deaths - number of individuals that enter or leave the population
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Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will...
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grow exponentially
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As resources become less available, the growth of a population...
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slows or stops
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What factors limit population growth?
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Density-Dependent Factors Density-Independent Factors
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limiting factor
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factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease
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density-dependent limiting factor
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limiting factor that depends on population size
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predator-prey relationship
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mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by predation
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density-independent limiting factor
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limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size
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Examples of density-independent limiting factors:
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- unusual weather - natural disasters - seasonal cycles - certain human activities
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Examples of density-dependent limiting factors:
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- competition - predation - parasitism - disease
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What is the relationship between competition and population size?
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A population is the number of individuals in the group. Competition is the struggle among organisms for food, space, and other vital requirements.
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If an entire lynx population disappears, what is likely to happen to the hare population on which it preys?
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It will grow
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How has the size of human population changes over time?
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...
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Why do population growth rates differ in countries throughout the world?
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...
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demography
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scientific study of human populations
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demographic transition
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change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
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age-structure diagram
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graph of the numbers of males and females within different age groups of a population
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What help predict why some countries have high growth rates while other countries grow more slowly?
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- birthrates - death rates - the age structure of a population
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Like the populations of many other living organisms, the size of the human population tends to...
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increase with time
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The number of individuals of a single species per unit area is known as...
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population density
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The movement of individuals into an area is called...
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immigration
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The range or area occupied by a population is its ...
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geographic distribution
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The maximum number of organisms of a particular species that can be supported by an environment is called...
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population density
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If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of its environment, the...
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death rate may rise
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Density-independent limiting factors include...
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hurricanes
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A limiting factor that depends on population size is called a...
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density-dependent limiting factor
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The scientific study of human populations is called ...
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demography
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The demographic transition is complete when...
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population growth stops
