Biology Chapter 11 Study Guide 1-16 – Flashcards
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Define asexual reproduction
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a single parent (1) passes complete copy of genetic information to offspring.
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Define sexual reproduction
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2 parents give genetic material to produce offspring that are genetically different from parents
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Describe how the offspring produced by asexual reproduction compares to the parent physically and genetically
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asexual= genetically identical offspring
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What are 4 types of asexual reproduction?
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bianary fission & Fragmentation & Budding & Parthenogenesis
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Define Binary fission and give an example
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a one celled organism divides into 2 cells same size (ex. prokaryote)
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Define fragmentation and give an example
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Fragmentation- body breaks into several pieces- some or all fragments grow missing parts. (ex. Jelly fish.)
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Define budding and give an example
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Budding- new individuals split off from exsisting ones. (ex. Potatoes; they can make a whole new plant)
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Define parthenogenesis and give an example
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Parthenogenesis- a female makes a viable egg that grows into an adult without being fertalized by a male (ex. water fleas)
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What is fertilization
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the union of a male and female gamete to form a zygote
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Which type of reproduction increases genetic diversity in a population?
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sexual reproduction
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What is the unit of inheritance on a chromosome?
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genes
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How many chromosomes are contained in a human somatic cell?
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46 chromosomes
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How many chromosomes are contained in a human gamete cell?
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23 chromosomes
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Are gametes haploid or diploid?
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haploid
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Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
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diploid
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What is random fertilization?
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-random process that adds genetic variation. -zygote that forms is made by random joining of gametes -the number of possible outcomes is squared
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What are two types of gametes?
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ovum&sperm ^^^^^ ^^^ Female...Male
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What are the X and Y chromosomes called?
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sex chromosomes
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What combination of chromosomes results in female offspring?
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female- xx
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What combination of chromosomes results in male offspring?
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male- xy
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If an organism has a diploid number of 20 what would it's haploid number be? (remember Diploid is DOUBLE the Haploid number, Haploid number is HALF the Diploid number) Diploid=2n, Haploid=n
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10
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If an organism had a diploid number of 50 what would it's haploid number be?
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25
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If an organism had a HAPLOID number of 20, what would it's diploid number be?
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40
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If an organism had a haploid number of 40, what would it's diploid number be?
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80
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What symbols represent diploid and haploid chromosome numbers?
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haploid- n dipoloid- 2n
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How many sets of chromosomes does a haploid cell have?
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1 set
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How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid cell have?
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2 sets
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How many cells produced at the end of meiosis?
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4 cells
