Biology Chapter 10 Homework – Flashcards
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In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by
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wrapping tightly around associated proteins.
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Chromatids are
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joined strands of duplicated genetic material.
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A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a
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centromere.
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Which of the following is NOT a true difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and those of prokaryotes?
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Eukaryotic chromosomes contain DNA, while prokaryotic chromosomes contain a different form of genetic material.
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The chromosomes in your body
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exist in 23 pairs, include two sex chromosomes, include 44 autosomes.
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A diploid cell is one that
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has two homologues of each chromosome, has chromosomes found in pairs, is designated by the symbol 2n.
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The haploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is
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46.
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How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
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16
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Is the process by which bacteria reproduce.
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Binary fission
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The chromosome of a bacterium has a ________ shape.
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Circular
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In a bacterium, cell division takes place when
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The DNA is copied, a new cell membrane forms between the DNA copies, and the cell splits into two cells.
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The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell's life is
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interphase.
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A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the two new cells formed from the original cell
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has a complete set of 46 chromosomes.
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As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the original cell during cytokinesis
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receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the original cell.
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Cancer affects
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Multicellular organisms only.
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During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later on in development, the cell will become specialized through a process called __________.
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Differentiation
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Mitosis is a process by which
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a cell's nucleus divides.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Cytokinesis differs in plant cells and animal cells
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Separation of homologues occurs during
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meiosis I.
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The difference between anaphase of mitosis of anaphase I of meiosis is that
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Chromatids do not separate at the centromere in anaphase I.
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When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes
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exchange corresponding segments of DNA.
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_______ is a disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth and division.
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Cancer
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Why are stem cells important?
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They have the potential to develop into other cell types.
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The rate at which wastes are produced by a cell a partially depends on the cell's _________.
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Volume
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Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
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Growth rate.
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Which of the following are external regulators of the cell cycle?
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Growth factors
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After cell division, each daughter cell has
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a higher surface area/volume ratio than the parent cell.
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The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
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cell division.
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An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction
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Provides genetic diversity.
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Cancer cells form masses of cells called
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tumors.
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A multicellular organism begins life as a single cell-a fertilized egg with a complete set of chromosomes. The cell divides to become two cells, then four cells, eight cells, and so on. Which of the following statements best describes what happens during this process?
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Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set.
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A cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to
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stop responding to growth regulators.
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_________ is a phase of mitosis?
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Prophase
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Which is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?
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They help separate the chromosomes.
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During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
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Four chromosomes.
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One difference between cell division in animal cells and in plant cells is that plant cells have a cell place. (TRUE or FALSE)
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FALSE
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When cells are grown in a laboratory, which of the following is factor that can stop normal cells from dividing?
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Contact with other cells
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Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cell are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?
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The controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.
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In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by
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cyclins.
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Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that
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regulate the cell cycle.
