Biology Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Which of the following is not a goal of science?
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to establish a collection of unchanging truths
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Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on
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Testing explanations
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Scientists will never know for sure why dinosaurs became extinct. Therefore, scientists should
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Continue to learn as much as they can about dinosaur extinction
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Science is best described as
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way of knowing
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The work of scientists usually begins with
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Careful observations
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Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called
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data
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Based on your observations, you suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is
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a hypothesis
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A scientific hypothesis
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can be tested by experiments or observations
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During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests
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a single variable
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A student sees a bee on a flower. The student wonders how the bee finds flowers. This student is displaying the scientific attitude of
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open-mindedness;
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Suppose that a scientist proposes a hypothesis about how a newly discovered virus affects humans. Other virus researchers would likely
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design new experiments to test the proposed hypothesis
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Why is creativity considered a scientific attitude
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Creativity helps scientists come up with different experiments
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After a scientist publishes a paper, someone else finds evideence that the paper's hypothesis may not be correct. The scientist is unhappy, but studies the new evidence anyway. The scientist is showing which scientific attitude
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open-mindedness
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Suppose a scientist must choose whether to publish a report in a newspaper or in a peer-reviewed journal. What is a benefit of publishing in a journal?
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the quality of the report will meet high scientific standards
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Who reviews articles for peer-reviewed journals
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anonymous and independent experts
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How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science?
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Scientists reading the articles may come up with new questions to study
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A scientist discovers an important breakthrough in cancer treatment. The scientist thinks the information could save thousands of lives and immediately announces the results on national television, skipping peer review. How might other scientists react to the news?
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They will be skeptical because the report was not peer-reviewed
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What does a reviewer do during peer-reviews
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Check for mistakes and bias
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suppose that a scientific idea is well-tested and can be used to make predictions in numerous new situations,but cannot explain one particular event. This idea is a
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theory that may need revisioin
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a theory
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may be revised or replaced
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how do scientific theories compare to hypotheses
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theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses
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A well-tested explanation that explains a lot of observations is
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a theory
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Which of the following is a question that can be answered by science?
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How does DNA influence a person's health?
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A personal preference or point of view is
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a bias
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How does society help science advance
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Society raises questions that science can help answer
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How does studying science help you be a better member of society?
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Understanding how science works will help you make better decisions
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Which of the following is NOT a way that science influences society?
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Science gives society answers to difficult ethical issues
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?
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Ability to move
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Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why some North American birds fly south for winter?
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Living things respond to their environment
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Cells in multicellular organisms have many different sizes and shapes. These differences in cells is called cell specialization. Cell specialization allows cells to
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Perform different functions
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The process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits is called
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homeostasis
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A figure not shown shows that tree finches and ground finches are descended from a common ancestor. This example represents which big idea in biology?
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Evolution
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A scientist working in which area of biology is MOST likely to study DNA?
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information and heredity
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Would a scientist who studies evolution have to learn about other branches of biology? Why or why not?
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Yes; the different branches of biology are interrelated
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Focusing on which two central themes in biology would help a student understand why animals come in different shapes and sizes?
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structure and function; unity and diversity of life
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What are the smallest objects that biologists study?
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molecules
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Biologists who work in the fields of genomics and molecular biology study
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DNA
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Which kind of biologist would likely use satellite technology?
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global ecologist
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A paleontologist would likely be most interested in finding
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a universal Tree of Life
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The basic unit of length in the metric system is the
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meter
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how many meters are in 2.4 km
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2400
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The standard or English system of measurement uses units such as yards, miles, quarts, and gallons. The metric system uses units such as meters, kilometers, milliliters, and liters. Why is the metric system easier to use than the English system?
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the metric system is based on multiples of 10
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Using a universal system of measurement is MOST important during which part of scientific methodology
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collecting data
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Scientists often try to repeat each other's results. Which of the following should a scientist do to make it easier for others to replicate his or her experiment
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Use the metric system when communicating procedures and results
