BIOLOGY CH 18 – Flashcards
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Binomial nomenclature
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classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name
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Genus
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group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature
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Systematics
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study of the diversity of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms
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Taxon/taxa
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(pl. taxa): group or level of organization into which organisms are classified
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Family
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in classification, group of similar genera
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Order
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in classification, a group of closely related families
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Class
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In classification, a group of closely related orders
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Phylum
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(pl. phyla): in classification, a group of closely related classes
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Kingdom
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largest and most inclusive group in classification
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Phylogeny
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study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
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Clade
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evolutionary branch of a Cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all its descendants
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Monophyletic group
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group that consists of a single ancestral species and all its descendants and excludes any organisms that are not descended from that common ancestor
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Cladogram
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diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species
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Derived character
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trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members
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Domain
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larger, more inclusive taxonomic category than a kingdom
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Bacteria
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domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan; corresponds to the kingdom eubacteria
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Archaea
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domain consisting of unicellular prokaryotes that have cells walls that do not contain peptidoglycan; corresponds to the kingdom Archeabacteria
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Eukarya
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domain consisting of all organisms that have a nucleus; includes protists, plants, fungi, and animals
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Binomial nomenclature
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In _____, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
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Systematics
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The goal of _____ is to organize living things into groups that have biological meaning.
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Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,species
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Linnaeus's original classification system expanded to include seven hierarchical taxa (from largest to smallest): a._____ b._____ c._____ d._____ e._____ f._____ g._____
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Phylogenetic systematics, evolutionary classification
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The goal of _____, or _____, is to group species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent, rathe
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Cladogram
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A _____ links groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors.
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Eubacteria, archaebacteria, Protista, plantae, fungi, animalia
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The six-kingdom system of classification includes the kingdoms a._____ b._____ c._____ d._____ e._____ f._____
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Current hypothesis
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The tree of life shows _____ regarding evolutionary relationships among the taxa within the three domains of life.
