Biology- Botany Study Guide – Flashcards
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sporophyte
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Diploid plant that produces spores by meiosis
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Spore
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Haploid structure that develops into a multicellular organism
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Gametophyte
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Haploid plant that makes gametes
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Monocots
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Flower parts are in multiples of 3
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Monocots
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Seeds contain one cotyledon (seed leaf)
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Monocots
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Veins in leaves are parallel
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Monocots
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Roots are net-like
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Monocots
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Vascular bundles are scattered
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Monocots
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Common examples are corn, lilies, tulips, daffodils, and orchids
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Dicots
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Seeds contain two cotyledons
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Dicots
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Veins are netted
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Dicots
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Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
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Dicots
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Roots are a tap root
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Dicots
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Vascular bundles are arranged around periphery of stem
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Dicots
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Common examples are carrots, roses, most trees, peanuts, and beans
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Bryophytes
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The amphibians of the plant world, meaning they live near water and are closely tied to water
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Characteristics of Bryophytes
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Nonvascular, short and low growing, found in moist habitats, gametophyte is its dominant phase, examples are moss, liverworts, hornworts
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Germinate
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To begin to grow
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Pteridophytes
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Club mosses, horsetails, or ferns
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Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Seedless, vascular (can grow taller and spread further from water source), sporophyte dominant, has a sori and rhizome, stay haploid
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Sori
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Spore producing structure
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Rhizome
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Underground stem
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Gymnosperms
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Naked seed producers (not well protected), vascular, sporophyte is dominant (gametophyte is microscopic and stored in sporophyte), photosynthesis year round, cones contain gametophyte, needles are covered in wax to prevent water loss, antifreeze is in sap so photosynthesis can occur and transport sugars
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Needles of gymnosperms
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Flat needles with a waxy surface
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Examples of gymnosperms
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Pines, spruces, firs, hemlocks
