Biology 9th grade – Flashcards
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the study of life
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Biology
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1. identify the problem 2. make a hypothesis 3. create experiment 4. perform experiment 5. analyze data 6. publish lab
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steps to the scientific method (6)
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what you change in the experiment that will test the subject
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independant variable
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the change that is caused by the independant variable.
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dependant variable
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serves as a standard, or comparison.
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control
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system of ideas supported by evidence, and explains many observations
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scientific theory
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truths that are found across the universe.
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scientific laws
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bias point of view
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opinion
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enlarge images of small objects
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What do microscopes do?
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measure tempuratures
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thermometers..
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measure mass
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balances..
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meter (m)
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measures length
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gram (g)
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measures mass
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farenhite/ celcius
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measures tempurature
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liter (l)
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measures volume
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metabolism, homostasias, reproduction, hereditary, evolution
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properties of life
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sum of all chemical reactions
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metabolism
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maintain stable internal conditions
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homostasias
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the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring
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reproduction
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genetically transmitted or transmittable from parent to offspring
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hereditary
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change over time
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evolution
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ocular lens x objective lens
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total magnification
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organisms that make their own food
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autotrophs
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organisms that cannot make their own food
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heterotrophs
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an organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains.
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consumers
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An organism that eats producers
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primary consumer
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An organism that eats primary consumers
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secondary consumer
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organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and return raw materials to the environment
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decomposers
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an organism that makes its own food
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producer
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animals that prey on others
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predators
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animal hunted or caught for food
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prey
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a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
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food chain
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(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
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food web
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each step in a food chain or food web
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tropic level
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a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area
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population
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a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other
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community
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all the living and nonliving things in an environment including their interactions with each other
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echosystems
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Place where an Organism lives
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habitat
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physical use of habitat and function with ecological community
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niche
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living things
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biotic
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non living things
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abiotic
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Conditions in the environment that put limits on where an organism can live
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limiting factors
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gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance
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ecological succession
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the variety of species living within an ecosystem
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biodiversity
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basic unit of matter
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atom
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positively charged particle
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proton
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an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton
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neutron
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an elementary particle with negative charge
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electron
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number of protons
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atomic number
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protons + neutrons
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atomic mass
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Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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ionic bond
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A shared pair of electrons., a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
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covalent bond
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contains carbon
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organic compound
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2 or more substances mixed together in various portions
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mixutre
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a mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
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homogeneous mixture
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can see different parts of the mixture (salt and pepper)
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heterogenius mixture
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mixtures when both substances are evenly mixed
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solutes
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dissolves the solute
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solvents
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dissolves in the solvent
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solute
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A range of numbers used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is; ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic). 7 is neutral
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ph scale
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a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
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reactant
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a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction
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product
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protein substances that speed up chemical reactions.
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enzymes
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tempurature
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what effects ph?
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gives off heat
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exothermic
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takes in heat c
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endothermic
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(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
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cell
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having cells that lack membrane-bound nuclei
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prokaryotic
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having cells with 'good' or membrane-bound nuclei
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eukaryotic
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a cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole
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what does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?
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vesicals, mitochondria
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what does an animal cell have that a plant cell does not?
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a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
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cell membrane
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a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
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cytoplasm
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make proteins
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ribosomes
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a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
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nucleus
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A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.
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vesicle
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That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
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rough ER
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That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. (lipid synthesis occurs here)
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smooth ER
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a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell (plant cell
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vacuole
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an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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chloroplast
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Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
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mitochondria
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tails that transport cells through surrounding enviroment
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flagella
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group of cells with similar functions
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tissue
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structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system
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organs
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structure of membrane, two sheets of lipid molcules with tails pointed inward, proteins embedded in bilayer (serve as channels) along with carbohydrate molecules (id markers - recognition)
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lipid bilayer
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a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out
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selective permeability
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when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
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hypotonic
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when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
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hypertonic
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(used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure
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isotonic
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process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
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diffusion
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diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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osmosis
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the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
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active transport
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process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
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cellular respiration
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(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
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ATP
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adenosine diphosphate; molecule that ATP becomes when it gives up one of its three phosphate groups
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ADP
