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the person who made the most lasting impression on the science of genetics is

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Gregor Mender

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If a healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is

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25%

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A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is

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a gene

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Alternate forms of the same gene are called

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alleles

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In humans, alleles are inherited from

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males and females(two alleles from each parent)

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All gametes contain

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one set of chromosome

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The pea plant (Pisum sativum) is a good choice for studying heredity because it

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is easy to control which plants mate with each other

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Mendel called a masking trait

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dominant

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Mendel called a trait that is masked

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recessive

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An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present is

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dominant

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If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is

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homozygous

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If the two alleles for a particular gene are different the gene pair is

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heterozygous

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If an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait

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each parent contributed a different allele for that trait

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If an individual is homozygous for a particular trait

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each parent contributed the same allele for that trait

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Recessive alleles seem to vanish in some generations and reappear in later ones due to

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they are masked by a dominant allele

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Genotype means

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the combination of alleles in an individual

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Phenotype means

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the observable expression of the genes in an individual

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The most common or "normal" phenotype or allele for a gene in a population is the

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a wild type

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In the study of genetics the offspring of the P generation is referred to as the

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F1 generation

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A pea plant with (Tt) as its genotype should be referred to as

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heterozygous

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A monohybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are both

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heterozygous for one gene

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Any monohybrid cross consisting of one dominant and one recessive allele for the trait studied should result in a ratio of ______________ dominant to __________________ recessive.

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three, one

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A test cross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that

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is homozygous recessive

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Two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes and they move apart from each other during gamete formation summarizes Mendel's

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law of segregation

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A dihybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are each ______________ for ___________ gene (genes).

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heterozygous, two

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Segregation of alleles for a gene on one chromosome that does not influence the segregation of alleles for a gene on another chromosome during meiosis is Mendel's

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law of independent assortment

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In the ABO blood type system the alleles IA, IB and i produce

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four phenotypes

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In the ABO blood type system, the IA allele is _____ with the IB allele.

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codominant

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If the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the homozygotes, this is called

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incomplete dominance

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Autosomes

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a non sex chromosome

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Linked genes, by definition, are genes that

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are found on the same chromosome

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Crossing over is more likely to separate genes on a chromosome if they are

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far apart

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To inherit an autosomal dominant disorder a person could receive the disease causing allele from

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the mother or the father

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To inherit an autosomal recessive disorder requires the person receive the disease causing allele from

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both parents

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A person has a recessive allele for a disease but the allele is masked by the presence of a normal dominant allele in the person. This person

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termed a carrier

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Diagrams depicting family relationships and phenotypes for a genetic disorder are

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pedigree charts

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The chromosome that determines human gender is

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the Y chromosomes

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Hemophilia A is caused by

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an X linked recessive disorder causing a defective blood clotting protein

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Homologous chromosomes have

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7 pairs of homologous chromosomes

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A single chromosome has

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a single gene with a single allele

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Yellow peas are an example of

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phenotypr

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Having the alleles Tt is

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a genotype

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If a pea plant is heterozygous for yellow seeds (Yy), which gametes will it produce?

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Y or y

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If a pea plant is homozygous recessive for yellow seeds (yy), which gametes will it produce?

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y only

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If a pea plant is homozygous for yellow seeds (YY), which gametes will it produce?

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Y only

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If you cross two heterozygous (Yy) pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be heterozygous?

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50%

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If you cross two heterozygous Yy pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be the dominant color yellow?

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75%

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Which gametes can a RrYy plant produce?

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RY, Ry,rY,ry

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Which gametes can a RRyy plant produce?

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RR or yy

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In an inherited form of high cholesterol, (HH) individuals have a blood cholesterol level greater than 500mg/dL, (RH) individuals are near 300mg/dL, and normal (RR) cholesterol levels should be less than 200mg/dL. The H allele is ___ to the R allele.

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codominant

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In cystic fibrosis, two unaffected carriers can have a child with the disease. It is as common in boys as in girls. This disease is

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autosomal recessive

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The wide variation in skin color in humans is best explained by

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skin color is a polygenic trait

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Which has the following in order from smallest to largest

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DNA nucleotides, gene, chromosome, cell

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Which of the following is in the correct order?

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meiosis of diploid cell, haploid gametes produced, fertilization, new diploid organism formed

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