biology 111 chapter 10 – Flashcards

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the person who made the most lasting impression on the science of genetics is
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Gregor Mender
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If a healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is
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25%
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A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is
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a gene
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Alternate forms of the same gene are called
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alleles
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In humans, alleles are inherited from
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males and females(two alleles from each parent)
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All gametes contain
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one set of chromosome
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The pea plant (Pisum sativum) is a good choice for studying heredity because it
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is easy to control which plants mate with each other
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Mendel called a masking trait
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dominant
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Mendel called a trait that is masked
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recessive
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An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present is
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dominant
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If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is
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homozygous
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If the two alleles for a particular gene are different the gene pair is
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heterozygous
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If an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait
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each parent contributed a different allele for that trait
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If an individual is homozygous for a particular trait
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each parent contributed the same allele for that trait
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Recessive alleles seem to vanish in some generations and reappear in later ones due to
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they are masked by a dominant allele
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Genotype means
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the combination of alleles in an individual
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Phenotype means
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the observable expression of the genes in an individual
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The most common or "normal" phenotype or allele for a gene in a population is the
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a wild type
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In the study of genetics the offspring of the P generation is referred to as the
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F1 generation
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A pea plant with (Tt) as its genotype should be referred to as
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heterozygous
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A monohybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are both
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heterozygous for one gene
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Any monohybrid cross consisting of one dominant and one recessive allele for the trait studied should result in a ratio of ______________ dominant to __________________ recessive.
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three, one
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A test cross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that
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is homozygous recessive
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Two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes and they move apart from each other during gamete formation summarizes Mendel's
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law of segregation
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A dihybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are each ______________ for ___________ gene (genes).
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heterozygous, two
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Segregation of alleles for a gene on one chromosome that does not influence the segregation of alleles for a gene on another chromosome during meiosis is Mendel's
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law of independent assortment
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In the ABO blood type system the alleles IA, IB and i produce
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four phenotypes
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In the ABO blood type system, the IA allele is _____ with the IB allele.
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codominant
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If the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the homozygotes, this is called
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incomplete dominance
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Autosomes
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a non sex chromosome
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Linked genes, by definition, are genes that
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are found on the same chromosome
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Crossing over is more likely to separate genes on a chromosome if they are
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far apart
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To inherit an autosomal dominant disorder a person could receive the disease causing allele from
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the mother or the father
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To inherit an autosomal recessive disorder requires the person receive the disease causing allele from
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both parents
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A person has a recessive allele for a disease but the allele is masked by the presence of a normal dominant allele in the person. This person
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termed a carrier
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Diagrams depicting family relationships and phenotypes for a genetic disorder are
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pedigree charts
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The chromosome that determines human gender is
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the Y chromosomes
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Hemophilia A is caused by
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an X linked recessive disorder causing a defective blood clotting protein
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Homologous chromosomes have
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7 pairs of homologous chromosomes
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A single chromosome has
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a single gene with a single allele
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Yellow peas are an example of
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phenotypr
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Having the alleles Tt is
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a genotype
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If a pea plant is heterozygous for yellow seeds (Yy), which gametes will it produce?
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Y or y
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If a pea plant is homozygous recessive for yellow seeds (yy), which gametes will it produce?
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y only
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If a pea plant is homozygous for yellow seeds (YY), which gametes will it produce?
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Y only
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If you cross two heterozygous (Yy) pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be heterozygous?
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50%
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If you cross two heterozygous Yy pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be the dominant color yellow?
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75%
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Which gametes can a RrYy plant produce?
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RY, Ry,rY,ry
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Which gametes can a RRyy plant produce?
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RR or yy
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In an inherited form of high cholesterol, (HH) individuals have a blood cholesterol level greater than 500mg/dL, (RH) individuals are near 300mg/dL, and normal (RR) cholesterol levels should be less than 200mg/dL. The H allele is ___ to the R allele.
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codominant
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In cystic fibrosis, two unaffected carriers can have a child with the disease. It is as common in boys as in girls. This disease is
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autosomal recessive
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The wide variation in skin color in humans is best explained by
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skin color is a polygenic trait
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Which has the following in order from smallest to largest
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DNA nucleotides, gene, chromosome, cell
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Which of the following is in the correct order?
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meiosis of diploid cell, haploid gametes produced, fertilization, new diploid organism formed
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