Biology 1101 mastering HW – Flashcards
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A small group of 25 predatory birds populates an island. By chance, three members of the population have superior sight, which gives these birds a significant advantage in capturing prey. After hundreds of generations, the population on the island has risen to 1,500 and all of the birds have superior sight compared to the same species on other islands. This is an example of _____.
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evolutionary adaptation
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Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false?
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organisms have an unchanging, constant internal envrionment
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What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system?
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an organ system includes tissues
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If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground-up beef muscle. What levels of organization are represented in this ground-up muscle?
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organelle, cell, and tissue
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which of these is an example of population
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all of the red oak trees in a forest
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Which of the following processes occurs in eukaryotic cells, but NOT in prokaryotic cells?
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digestion of large organic molecules within lysosomes
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An example of a stimulus that a plant would respond to is
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sunlight
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Which of the following things would be considered complex AND organized?
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red blood cells in the human body
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DNA is a molecule that directly allows a living thing to:
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store information
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Which sequence lists organisms in the order of producer, consumer, and decomposer?
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algae, bird, earthworm
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About how many people die in the U.S. each year from hospital-acquired infections?
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99,000
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You are an epidemiologist specializing in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. For the best hope in saving a patient's life, you want to stop the infection before it gets where?
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bloodstream
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which of the following is true
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Bacteria can mutate within the human body.
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Which of the following did scientists discover about Klebsiella pneumoniae?
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It remains latent in the body for longer than originally thought.
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Which of the following would have most likely prevented so many patient deaths from Klebsiella pneumoniae at this National Institutes of Health hospital?
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More thorough disinfection techniques.
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Researchers have created a robot that has a very thin leg that is moved by cardiac (heart) cells contracting in unison. The robot, made of a polymer similar to that used in making contact lenses, is bathed in heart cells with supporting fibroblasts, which then attach to the robot and provide movement as they contract. All of the cardiac cells working together can cause the robot leg to move in a way that individual cells could not. This is an example of
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emergent properties of cells
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An increase in antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis bacteria is proving to be a problem in treating this disease. This could be due to __________.
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evolution
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Radon is a radioactive gas that seeps into homes from the soil. It is thought to be a leading cause of lung cancer. A research team investigates this theory. They gather large amounts of data on basement radon concentrations and lung cancer rates and conclude that the more radon there is, the more likely lung cancer is to occur. After the study is published, other researchers criticize it by asserting that the studied neighborhoods with higher radon concentrations also have a higher percentage of old people and a higher percentage of cigarette smokers than the low-radon neighborhoods. Both advanced age and cigarette smoking increase the risk of lung cancer. This criticism, if correct, shows that the radon study suffered from __________.
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uncontrolled variables
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Researchers set up a study to determine whether large doses of a nutritional supplement would shorten the length of time it takes to recover from a cold. Three thousand volunteers were split into two groups. For two weeks, members of group A took 3,000 mg of the supplement daily. Group B received 3,000 mg of a placebo. At the end of the two-week period, the researchers inserted live cold viruses directly into the noses of all the volunteers. The volunteers in both group A and group B continued to take their daily pills. All the volunteers got colds, and there was no significant difference in the length of time the colds lasted. To have confidence that the results of the experiment were valid, you'd also want to know
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whether any volunteers had colds at the start of the experiment
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A scientist notes that an ornamental grass grown in a creek bed is taller than the same type of grass grown on a berm. The scientist suspects that this difference is due to water availability. This proposed explanation is a(n) __________.
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hypothesis
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a theory is
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an explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
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Which of the following statements is related to Darwin's theories of evolution by natural selection?
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Organisms seem to produce more offspring than the environment can support.
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An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria
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to be more resistant to that antibiotic
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organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains
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bacteria and archaea
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members of the kingdom animalia
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can obtain their food by eating other organisms
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Human proteins, such as insulin, can be produced by bacterial cells. This is possible because _____.
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all organism share a common genetic code
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Which of the following statements provides the best evidence that there is a common genetic code that demonstrates the unity of life?
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Through genetic engineering, a gene from a firefly can be inserted into a bacterium to make it glow.
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Why are so many people concerned with using hydrogen as a fuel?
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it is flammable
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You start a job working as a specialist for Ore Design and Technology. What are you trying to use to obtain hydrogen to use as a fuel?
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algae
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You purchase a hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle. Which of the following will need to be present for your car to work?
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oxygen
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At this time, what state is leading the way for hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles?
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California
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Cars that have hydrogen fuel-cells run on which of the following?
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electricity
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which of the following is a trace element in the human body
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zinc
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In the equation 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O,
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only H2O is a compound
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In ocean acidification, dissolving CO2 gas ________ the pH of the ocean.
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lowers
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a solution with a pH of 7 is
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neutral
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Which of the following is dependent on the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules besides water?
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the universality of water as a solvent
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The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without knowing more about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon?
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Fewer hydrogen bonds form between alcohol molecules. As a result, less heat is needed for alcohol molecules to break away from solution and enter the air.
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the tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as
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cohesion
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A single water molecule (H − O − H) is held together by
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two polar covalent bonds
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________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules.
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hydrogen bonds
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A(n) ________ forms when two atoms share electrons.
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covalent bond
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A hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form?
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one
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Radioactive isotopes
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can be used in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose diseases.
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In some areas, fluoride is added during the municipal water treatment process in order to help
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reduce tooth decay.
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Which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
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protons and neutrons
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Lactose intolerance
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does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice.
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Organic compounds
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always contain carbon.
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Which of the following substances is made of lipids?
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steroids
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Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction?
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The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar.
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Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?
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C60H100O50
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Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____.
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as fuel
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Many names for sugars end in the suffix
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-ose
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High-fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called
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starch
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The primary structure of a protein is
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the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.
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Proteins are polymers of
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amino acids
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What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?
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peptide
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The secondary structure of a protein results from _____.
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hydrogen bonds
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Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____.
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peptide bonds
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When did indoor tanning gain popularity?
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1980-1990
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You run a tanning salon in California. Which of the following is true?
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Minors are banned from your salon.
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The gluelike substance is required to bathe which of the following in this transplant?
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nerve endings
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Which of the following appears to be the largest hurdle to overcome for this type of transplant to be a success?
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connecting the nerves
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Which of the following has had the most success in China?
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Genetically altering human embryos.
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Which of the following people is most likely to be accepted as a body recipient if this radical transplant occurs?
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A quadriplegic who is otherwise healthy.
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Which of the following is true regarding head transplants in humans?
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Most medical experts think that such transplants should not be done.
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You are the CEO of a drug company that is looking into new drug options for the nation's leading killer. Which of the following are you trying to develop?
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drugs for heart disease
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Antibiotics appear to have played a significant role in the decline of deaths from which of the following?
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stomach cancer
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When it comes to death rates, which of the following is experiencing similar trends to the United States?
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western europe
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Which of the following appears to play a large role in the cause of necrotizing enterocolitis?
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premature birth
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Current advances in tissue engineering seemingly rely on which of the following?
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stem cells
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You have been receiving total parenteral nutrition for several months. Which of the following organs is most likely damaged because of this?
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liver
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The laryngeal nerve is 15 feet long in giraffes because
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the nerve is modified from an ancestor that did not have a neck.
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An organ system consists of
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organs that collectively perform a vital body function
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A physiologist is a biologist who studies
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the function of body parts
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The connection between structure and ________ is a basic concept of biology.
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function
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The structural and functional unit of nervous tissue is the
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neuron
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An organ represents a higher level of structure than the tissue composing it and performs functions that the tissues cannot perform alone. This is an example of the principle of
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emergent properties
