Bio115 Microbiology Chapter 14 HW – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which of the following statements concerning pathology, infection, and disease is true?
answer
Pathology refers to the study of structural and functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease.
question
Which of the following is an example of the symbiotic relationship known as mutualism?
answer
E. coli within the large intestine
question
Koch's postulates established criteria for proving that a specific organism causes a specific disease. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria given by Koch's postulates?
answer
The pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animals and must be different from the original organism.
question
Which of the following is classified as a latent disease?
answer
shingles
question
A patient acquires an infection by touching a contaminated door handle. Which mode of transmission best describes this scenario?
answer
indirect contact transmission
question
A dog develops a diarrheal disease after drinking water from a creek during a hike with his owner. Which of the following best describes this method of disease transmission?
answer
vehicle transmission
question
Plague is transmitted through the bite of an infected flea. Which of the following best describes this mode of transmission?
answer
vector transmission
question
Which of the following is a fungal zoonosis that can be transmitted by direct contact?
answer
ringworm
question
Which of the following would be an example of disease transmission via INDIRECT contact?
answer
A student sneezes on her test booklet. The instructor grades it and catches her cold.
question
According to the animation, surgical infections account for what percentage of nosocomial infections?
answer
20%
question
What type of nosocomial infection is likely to arise from intravenous catheterizations?
answer
Bacteremia
question
How might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an antibiotic?
answer
Antibiotics can be used in aerosols, thereby entering the environment.
question
Why are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections?
answer
These procedures allow microbes from the skin to enter the bloodstream of the patient.
question
How can health care workers reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections?
answer
Practice more stringent aseptic techniques
question
The health of the patient
answer
should be the primary concern of the healthcare worker.
question
How can surgeons help to limit nosocomial infections?
answer
They should perform surgeries and invasive procedures only when absolutely necessary.
question
If a patient notices a healthcare worker not following suggested precautions,
answer
they should immediately bring it to the attention of the healthcare worker.
question
Which of the following characteristics of a catheter should be considered, to help minimize the spread of nosocomial infections?
answer
Single-use
question
Which of the following statements is true regarding hand washing?
answer
Frequent and proper hand washing should be routinely done by patients and by healthcare workers, both prior to and after interaction.
question
Epidemiology is defined as the study of
answer
where and when a disease occurs, and how it is transmitted.
question
What is the role of epidemiology?
answer
To learn how to treat and prevent various diseases.
question
Expected prevalence of a disease is
answer
the expected occurrence of a disease based on past observations.
question
In the sixth segment of the animation, why is the disease epidemic in North America?
answer
The disease occurs at a higher rate than what would normally be expected in this region.
question
In the last segment of the animation, how many regions of the world experience the pandemic during April of year four?
answer
Five
question
In the last segment of the animation, when does the first epidemic occur?
answer
January of year three
question
If a disease occurs at a fairly stable rate, it is said to be
answer
endemic.
question
Which of the following would be considered a fomite?
answer
An infected toy
question
Which of the following would be considered a vector?
answer
A fly carrying disease from fecal matter to food
question
When aerosols containing pathogens spread disease from a distance of less than one meter, it is considered
answer
contact transmission.
question
Which of the following is considered a major category of transmission of disease?
answer
Contact, vehicle, and vector transmission
question
Which is an example of vehicle disease transmission?
answer
The presence of Listeria on undercooked chicken served for dinner
question
The following choices list several types of diseases, along with factors that may contribute to their emergence. Which disease and associated factor do NOT match?
answer
emergence of avian influenza A (H5N1): use of antibiotics
question
As a health care worker, I am keenly aware of how important it is to avoid harming my patients. I worry about inadvertently transmitting an infectious disease to an already compromised individual. According to the CDC, what is the MOST important thing I can do to avoid this?
answer
Wash my hands before interacting with any patient.
question
Which of the following statements about the development of infectious diseases is correct?
answer
The period of convalescence is the time during which the person regains health and fully recovers (back to the pre-disease state).
question
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by infection with a protozoan. In certain tropical regions, malaria is constantly present. We would say that malaria is a(n) _________ disease in these regions.
answer
endemic
