bio test new – Flashcards
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How are new species categorized by the scientific community?
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The process of describing and categorizing new species is performed by systematists.
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What is the most important organizing principle of modern biological classification?
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evolution
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Which analysis would be the most useful in deciding the exact classification of similar species?
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a study of DNA sequences of a representative gene in similar species
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Approximately what percent of the species currently on Earth have been described by scientists?
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10-20%
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During which 50-year period did the number of taxonomic orders increase most rapidly?
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1750-1800
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Which of the following statements are supported by the data in these graphs? Select all that apply.
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There are slightly more than 30 phyla of animals identified by scientists. The number of orders of animals eventually identified by scientists is expected to be close to 510.
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After a long period of coevolution, the photosynthetic bacterium consumed by the predatory cell became the cellular organelle known as the:
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chloroplast
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After a long period of coevolution, the aerobic bacterium consumed by the predatory cell became the cellular organelle known as the:
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mitochondrion
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The bacteria initially persist in the predatory cell because:
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the predatory cell is unable to digest the bacteria.
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Based on the chemical make-up of the first self-replicating molecule, it most closely resembles the structure of certain types of:
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viruses
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Self-replicating molecules are thought to have appeared about:
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4bil
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The most likely location of where ribozymes developed is:
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hot-springs
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Which statement best describes the relationship between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
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There are two groups of prokaryotes: one with a close evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes and one more distantly related to eukaryotes.
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Which group contains the organisms that produce the most potent natural compounds that kill bacteria?
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bacteria
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What is it about the lifestyle of plants that makes them so interesting?
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their inability to run away from predators
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What is the major method of transmission of infectious disease when using public transportation?
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touching surfaces that sick people have touched
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In the mock-up of an airplane cabin, there were heated yellow bags where people would normally sit. Why?
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The bags are added to create an experimental model that would be most similar to an actual plane full of people.
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Which setting has the shortest time span for air refreshment - in other words, which setting has the most frequent air exchange with fresh air?
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airplane cabin
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In an airplane, from whom are you most likely to acquire a cold or flu virus?
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from a sick person sitting next to you
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Why are children more likely to pick up germs in public places?
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Children tend to be more tactile, and may not wash their hands as often as they should.
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Which of the following would be the best experimental design for a study looking at the risk of getting an infectious disease from using public transportation?
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Follow a very large set of people in order to reduce the effect of socioeconomic status. One group is comprised of people who frequently use public transportation, and the other group never uses public transportation. Compare the incidence of infectious disease between the two groups. Collect data without telling the participants too much about the study, so that they do not alter their normal behaviors.
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Which of the following groups is not a domain on the tree of life?
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prokarya
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Which of the following molecules has been studied to determine the evolutionary relationship among modern species?
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ribosomal rna
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True or false. Data showing that the Bacteria were the last lineage to diverge from the common ancestor of all living organisms suggest that the Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related to each other than they are to the Bacteria.
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false
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True or false. The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacteria that were engulfed by a prokaryotic predatory cell; the two organisms benefited from this association and thus the bacteria evolved into the organelles that we know today.
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true
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Which of the following statements is NOT part of the endosymbiotic theory?
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A prokaryotic predatory cell digests the bacterium.
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Which observation about the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts is NOT consistent with the endosymbiotic theory?
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Cells that do not contain mitochondria and chloroplasts can spontaneously manufacture these organelles.
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According to the fossil record, approximately how many years ago did life begin on Earth?
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3.6 bil
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What is the best test of an evolutionary classification?
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comparing dna
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A scientist is examining extracts of a plant hoping to find a defensive chemical, but she is having no luck. How might she alter her experiments?
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Grow the plants in the presence of insect predators.
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Humans are the most evolved species on the planet.
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false
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Which of the following is true about modern biodiversity?
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Systematists are biologists who name and classify newly discovered species.
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What are the most common types of animals?
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insects and other invertebrates
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Which of the following groups of organisms include species that can control or have strong influence over the activities of other organisms?
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fungi, mammals, plants
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Which characteristic is unique to humans?
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ability to use the scientific method to understand the world
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You find a spider in your kitchen. Which of the following would lead you to believe it is a black widow?
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has an hourglass marking
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Which of the following is true?
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A bite from a female black widow spider is more likely to cause harm in an adult human than a bite from a male.
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Your great grandfather was bitten by a black widow spider in 1927. Which of the following animals played a key role in the antivenin he was given?
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horse
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How do black widow spiders inject venom into their victims?
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fangs
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You are curious to find out if black widow spiders are found near your home. Where should you look for their webs?
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ground level
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Which of the following causes leprosy?
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bacterium
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You are an animal epidemiologist. You discover a disease in tamarins that is very similar to leprosy. Which of the following is true?
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The disease-causing agent has many pseudogenes.
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Which of the following is correct?
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hansen's disease and leprosy are the same thing
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Which of the following would likely bother a leprosy patient the most?
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firm pressure on his arms
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Which of the following would likely lead to the greatest decrease in leprosy cases in the United States?
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no human contact with armadillos
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What effect does white-nose syndrome have on bats?
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increases amount of energy the burn
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It is currently hypothesized that bats do not get cancer for which of the following reasons?
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Bat DNA has the ability to repair itself after malignant mutations.
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The root -karyo means kernel. 2. The root anima- means breath or soul. 3. The root botan- means pertaining to plants. 4. The root myco- means pertaining to fungi. 5. The root in- means without. 6. The root pro- means before. 7. The root zoo- means pertaining to animals.
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1. botany is the study of plants. 2. A(n) mycologist is a scientist who studies fungi. 3. zoology is the study of animals. 4. A(n) eukaryote is a cell that contains a nucleus. 5. A(n) protist is related to the eukaryotic organisms that existed before multicellular life evolved. 6. A(n) animal is a multicellular organism that must consume other organisms to survive and is motile for at least part of its life cycle. 7. A(n) invertebrate is an animal that lacks a backbone.
