Bio chapter 4 – Flashcards
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organic chemistry is a science based on the study of..?
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-Carbon compounds
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Early 19th century scientists believed that living organisms differed from nonliving things as a result of possessing a"life force" that could create organic molecules from inorganic matter. This term is...?
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-Vitalism
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The Experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presume that....?
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-living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.
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One of the following people set up a closed system to mimic Earths early atmosphere & discharged electrical sparks through it. A variety of organic compounds common in organisms were formed. Who did this?
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-Stanley Miller
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Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?
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-Friedrich Wohler
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How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?
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-4
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A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond with other atoms?
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-covalent
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Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in all organic molecules?
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-they were incorporated into organic molecules by plants. -they were processed into sugars through photosynthesis. -they are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.
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Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?
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-the majority of their bonds are non polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
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How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C4H10?
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-2
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Which of the following statements correctly describes geometric isomers?
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-They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
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Research indicates that Ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantimomers; that is, molecule that....?
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-are mirror images of one another.
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Why is it important for this drug to consist of only one enantimetric form, rather than a mixture of enantiomers ?
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-different enantiomers may have a different or opposite physiological effects.
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3 or 4 of the following illustrationd depict different structural isomers of the organic compound with molecular formula C6H14. Which one if any is NOT a structural isomer of this compound?
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C-C=C-C l l C C
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Thalidmide & L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that...?
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- are mirror images of one another.
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A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound..?
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-it should dissolve in water.
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Which is the best description of carbonyl group?
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- A carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double covalent bond.
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What is the name of the functional group shown? R-C=O -o-h
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-Carboxyl
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Which of the following contains nitrogen in addition to carbon, oxygen, & hydrogen?
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-an amino acid such as glycine.
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Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups?
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-They are nonpolar.
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Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
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-carboxyl & amino
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Amino Acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
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-Carboxyl
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A carbon skeleton is covalentley bonded to both an amino and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it...?
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-Would function as both an acid and a base.
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A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?
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-amino
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Which functional groups can act as acids?
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-carboxyl and phosphate
