bio ch 10-12 set 2 – Flashcards
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Peptide bonds form between ______.
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amino acids
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What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message?
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one
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What is the ultimate source of all diversity?
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mutation
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Mad cow disease is caused by
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infectious proteins called prions
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How can bacteriophage DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing cell death?
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via lysogenic cycle
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The figure below shows the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. The transfer of information from DNA into an RNA molecule is known as ______.
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transcription
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Examine the genetic code table, shown below. The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______.
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serine
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Consider the following figure. It indicates that a single amino acid substitution ______.
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may alter protein, no longer functions properly
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At one point, you were just an undifferentiated, single cell. You are now made of many cells; some of these cells function as liver cells, some as muscle cells, some as red blood cells, while others play different roles. What name is given to the process that is responsible for this?
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cellular differention
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The process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is ______.
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gene expression
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In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions, along with their DNA control sequences?
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operon
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In prokaryotes, the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of the ______.
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operon
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In an operon, the ______ acts as an on/off switch.
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operator
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Which of the following turns off transcription by binding to the operator?
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repressor
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While examining a human cell that functions normally, you determine that it has 45 functional chromosomes and one chromosome that is almost completely inactive. You immediately decide that it is very likely that this cell ______.
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came from normal human female
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What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?
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DNA packing and unpacking
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Introns are ______.
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noncoding DNA sequences
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Cells communicate with one another via ______.
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signal transduction pathways
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The "master control genes" that regulate other genes, which determine what body parts will develop in which locations, are called ______.
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homeotic genes
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Homeotic genes ______.
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evidence of common ancestry of eukaryotic organisms
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How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?
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different patterns of gene expression
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Reproductive cloning involves
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be dedifferentiated
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Possible uses of reproductive cloning include ______.
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all of the above
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What is a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?
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embryonic undifferentiated; adult partially differentiated
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What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?
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oncogene
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Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n) ______.
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tumor suppressor gene
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Which risk factors are associated with cancer of the colon and rectum?
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dietary fat
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______ is(are) responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen.
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tobacco
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More people die of ______ cancer than of any other cancer.
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lung
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Which of these lifestyle choices will increase cancer risk?
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diet low in plant fiber
