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Charles Darwin is know for his scientific voyages to the

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Galapagos Islands

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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution was based on

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the inheritance of acquired characteristics

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the steps of the scientific method, in proper order, are:

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Hypothesis-Experimentation-Data collection-Supporting or refuting hypothesis

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Anglican Archbishop James Ussher claim;ed to have established the origin of the Earth as

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Sunday, 23 October, 4004 BC

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George Culvier, a famous French anatomist and fossil expert, explained the different fossil creatures found in different layers of the Earth as a result of

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the result of a series of catastrophic event when life was destroyed and replaced by more complex forms

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James Hutton and Charles Lyell both advocated the principle of uniformitarianism, which stated that

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the process that shaped the Earth in the past are the same as those operating today

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Darwin's slow, deliberate process of preparing to publish his new theory was interrupted by his receiving a body of research work stating virtually the same principles, done by

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Alfred Russell Wallace

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According to the Theory of Evolution by Means of Natural Selection, the key concept in understanding how evolution is:

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*All of these are basic concepts in Darwin's theory: -members of a species produce more offspring than will survive and reproduce successfully - characteristics which are advantageous will be more common in succeeding generations -some variations are better adapted to reproduce in the environment -members of a species show variation (not all are exactly the same )

question

During Darwin's voyages, he performed detail studies of variation and similarity among species of which animal?

answer

Finches in the Galapagos

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According to Darwin, the differences between "artificial" selection, or selective breeding and natural selection is that

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natural selection is a result of random processes, while artificial selection is done with a goal in mind (i.e. increasing milk production in cows)

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scientist working on genetic therapies for diseases are working in which genetic field?

answer

molecular genetics

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Classical or Mendelian genetics involves the study of:

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pedigrees of related individuals

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Behavioral genetics is the study of how:

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genetics influence behavior

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Which of the following is an example of multicultural organism?

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Worms

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a single-celled organism with a nucleus is an example of a:

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eukaryote

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Somatic cells ______

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are the cells of the body that are not gametes

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tissues are comprised of:

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somatic cells

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Mitochondria have their own DNA separate from that within the cell's nucleus. T/F

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True

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Hormones, antibodies, and hemoglobin are all:

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proteins

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Proteins are comprised of long chains of:

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amino acids

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An individual who is homozygous for a gene has

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two of the same alleles for that gene

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Two identical daughter cells result from which process?

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mitosis

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Meiosis results in:

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****=(all of these)**** *gametes *haploid cells *sex cells

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what is the diploid number of human chromosomes?

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46

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the ancient DNA studied is usually mtDNA because mtDNA:

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is so abundant

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structural genes___

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****=(All of these)**** -may be similar across species -are surrounded by regulatory regions -contain information to make proteins

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in some cases, the ____ interacts with factors in the environment to create a ____

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genotype, phenotype

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which of the following best defines the term genotype?

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the actual alleles an organism carries

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the observable physical features of an organism comprise its:

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phenotype

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A recessive allele_____

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needs to be present on both chromosomes to be expressed

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An allele that needs to be present on only one chromosomal locus to be expressed is called a:

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dominant

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which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

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Chromosomes randomly segregate into sex cells

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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment indicates that:

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segregating pairs of unit factors assort independently

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mutation during meiosis are especially important because they:

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are inherited

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A point mutation occurs when ____ is changed

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a single base in a gene

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which of the following is true of sickle cell disease?

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=(all of these) -it damages the spleen -it shortens the life span of red blood cells -it causes blood cells to clump together in small blood vessels

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the vast majority of mutations are probably:

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neutral

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Mutations often have little phenotypic effect because:

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****=(all of these)**** -codon changes are often insignificant -they often occur in non-coding regions -proteins can withstand minor amino acids variations

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The _____ chromosome is larger

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X

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traits that occur as a continuum in a population are likely due to

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polygenic inheritance

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where do new variations come from?

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****=(all of these)**** -point mutation -changes in the genetic material -chromosomal mutaions

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Evolution by natural selection works directly on ____, transforming _____

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individuals, populations

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The process of stabilizing selection results in:

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keeping a population uniform

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when populations migrate, their genes' are experiencing:

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gene flow

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a change in the frequency of a gene in a population over time due to entirely random factors is called:

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genetic drift

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the difference in size, shape, or color between the sexes within a species is referred to as:

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sexual dimorphism

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features that are homologous are similar due to:

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shared evolutionary history

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parallel evolution results in:

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analogous traits

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organisms are composed on both ancestral and derived characters. T/F

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True

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A species' derived characters are:

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what distinguishes it from other related species

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A scientist working mostly with fossils is likely to use which species concept?

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evolutionary

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Recent genetic studies of gorillas have revealed

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a surprising amount of genetic diversity

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geography separation is an important factor in ___ speciation

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allopatric

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Gradualism asserts that:

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species slowly transform into other species

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Macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium help explain

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gradualism

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Which of the following best defines anthropology?

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the study of humankind in all its forms

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According to biological anthropology, humans are primates and are the products of millions of years of evolution by natural selection.

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True

question

The study of the skeleton is known as

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Osteology

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A paleoanthropologist is likely to study:

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the fossil remains of humankind and its ancestors

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Forensic anthropologists study:

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the identification of skeletal remains and the means by which individuals have died

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Which of the following species were not used as examples by Charles Darwin in his discussions of natural selection?

answer

Giraffes

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Which of the following areas of study have contributed to the modern, or Synthetic Theory of Evolution?

answer

****(All of these)**** -DNA research -Genetics -Taxonomy

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Gregor Mendel, the "Father of Genetics," studied which organisms in his famous breeding experiments?

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Garden peas

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Classical geneticists focus more on __________ than __________.

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traits, molecules

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The basic building block of life is the __________.

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cell

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The __________ are directly involved in reproduction

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gametes

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In most eukaryotic cells, the most prominent structure is the

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nucleus

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The two main functions of DNA are

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protein synthesis and cell reproduction

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Mitochondria have their own DNA separate from that within the cell's nucleus

answer

True

question

Virtually every cell of the body contains the same copy of DNA.

answer

True

question

Permanent changes in the DNA of a cell are called mutations.

answer

True

question

An individual who is homozygous for a gene has

answer

two of the same alleles for that gene

question

In some cases, the __________ interacts with factors in the environment to create a __________

answer

genotype, phenotype

question

Which of the following best defines the term genotype?

answer

the actual alleles an organism carries

question

The observable physical features of an organism comprise its

answer

phenotype

question

An allele that needs to be present on only one chromosomal locus to be expressed is called a _________ allele

answer

dominant

question

Mutations during meiosis are especially important because they

answer

are inherited

question

Genetic mutations can never be good

answer

False

question

Females are usually only carriers of X-linked disorders

answer

True

question

Traits that occur as a continuum in a population are likely to be due to

answer

polygenic inheritance

question

Natural selection works on the __________ of an individual organism

answer

phenotype

question

When populations migrate, their genes are experiencing

answer

gene flow

question

A change in the frequency of a gene in a population over time due to entirely random factors is called

answer

genetic drift

question

Which of the following best defines the concept of analogous traits?

answer

traits shared due to convergent evolution

question

Which of the following best defines the concept of ancestral characters?

answer

traits shared between species due to a shared evolutionary history

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