bio 111 10.6 – Flashcards

You are studying cell cycle progression in an early frog embryo. If you were to inject a protein synthesis inhibitor into a cell during S phase, where do you predict that the cells would arrest?

What is separase?

What would you expect to happen if the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) failed to ubiquitinate securin?

You are leading a team of researchers at a pharmaceutical company. Your goal is to design drugs that help fight cancer. Specifically, you want to focus on drugs that bind to and inactivate certain proteins, thereby halting cell cycle progression. One of your team members suggests targeting the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and inhibiting this protein. Will this approach be successful? Why or why not?

Growth factor receptors are typically found in the

If the protein retinoblastoma is ________, it can bind to and ________ the Myc protein.

The growth factors illustrated in this system are positive regulatory growth factors. Why are they considered 'positive' growth factors.

How does myc become active?

Mutations in the protein retinoblastoma (Rb) are often associated with cancer in the eye. What mutation might lead to cancer?

The success of DNA replication is assessed during the ______ phase.

The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints during the _______ phases.

A eukaryotic cell that receives a "go-ahead" signal at the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle will

A cell that is in an environment that has an abnormally low pH will NOT pass which checkpoint?

DNA repair enzymes will be highly active during what phase of the cell cycle?

The proteins ________ work together to free the transcription factor that is bound by the retinoblastoma protein.

Mutated forms of the Rb protein

The protein ________ checks for damaged DNA, thereby acting as a "quality control" for the cell.

What mutation would allow the cell to divide when it should not and could possibly lead to cancer?

Which mutation would allow the cell to pass the G1 checkpoint when it should not?

A pregnant mother recently had an ultrasound that indicated massive defects in the formation of her unborn baby's heart. Other oddities were noted in the spinal cord region, the kidneys, and the formation of the facial features. She had an amniocentesis to examine the baby's karyology, and it was noted that there was a deletion of a small piece of one chromosome. The doctors advised her that her that she would likely miscarry. The devastated parents consult you as a genetic advisor on the likelihood that a future pregnancy would end similarly. What advise do you give this unfortunate couple?

A new small molecule drug inhibits the function of the APC/C. If this drug were applied to cells undergoing the cell cycle, what do you think would be the result? Check all that apply.

Estimates are that p53 is mutated in 50% of all human cancers. If the gene that encodes p53 is mutated such that p53 is non-functional, what processes would be affected? Check all that apply.

The progress of the eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated primarily by what proteins?

You are examining the effect of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) in sea urchin cells, which have a diploid number of 36. If you fuse a dividing sea urchin cell with a G1 arrested oocyte, what would be the outcome?