Bio 101 – Final Exam – Set 1 – Multiple Choice – Flashcards
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5. Where in the cell is the cell's DNA located? a. Cytoplasm b. Mitochondria c. Ribosome d. Nucleus e. Plastids
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D
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6. How many chromosomes does a normal human cell have? a. 13 b. 23 c. 26 d. 46 e. 52
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D
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7. How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis and mitosis? a. 4, 2 b. 2, 2 c. 1, 2 d. 2, 4 e. 1, 1
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A
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8. The genes that malfunction in cancer normally a. control RNA transcription. b. are responsible for sex determination. c. code for enzymes that repair damaged DNA. d. are not present in most body cells unless inserted by a virus. e. regulate cell division.
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E
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9. Your muscle and bone cells are different because (2) a. they contain different sets of genes. b. they are differentiated. c. they contain different operons. d. different genes are switched on and off in each type of cell. e. they contain different histones.
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B or D
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10. Humans have ___ pairs of chromosomes. a. 23 b. 46 c. 96 d. 101
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A
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11. The major site of protein synthesis is the a. nucleolus b. ribosome c. plasma membrane d. chloroplast
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B
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12. After mitosis, what is the relationship between the mother cell and the resulting daughter cell? a. the mother is diploid and the daughter is haploid b. the mother is haploid and the daughter is diploid c. they are identical d. they are different
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C
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13. Strategies for the treatment of various types of cancer involve:(2) a. preventing the reconstruction of telomeres. b. removing the source of hormones that stimulate tumor growth. c. preventing the development of blood vessels to tumors (most important prevent angiogenesis). d. blocking cell division with chemicals. e. all of the above.
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C or E
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14. Which of these factors is NOT a reason for the resurgence of bed bugs in the United States? a. Poor hygiene among tenants and homeowners b. Increased international travel c. Increased resistance of bugs to pesticides d. A lack of knowledge about effective pest control and management
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A
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15. Bed bug infestations can cause all of the following, except: a. Allergic reactions from bites b. Anxiety and stress c. Infectious disease d. Insomnia
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C
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16. At what time of day do bed bugs typically feed? a. Early morning b. Nighttime c. Afternoon d. Noon
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A
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17. What physical traits can help you determine if an insect is a bed bug? a. About the size of a pencil eraser, black body and wings b. About the size of a pinhead, red/brown body and no wings c. About the size of a Matchbox car, black body with red dots d. They're too small to see and impossible to detect with the naked eye.
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B
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18. Which group has been known to get bed bugs? (2) a. The poor b. International travelers c. The wealthy d. All of the above
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C or D
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19. How many treatments does it normally take to completely rid a home of an infestation? a. One treatment b. Two treatments c. Three or four treatments d. Five or six treatments
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C
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20. Which is NOT an important root function? a. supports leaves b. anchors plant c. absorbs and transports water and minerals into plant d. storage of food for trees during periods of dormancy.
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A
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21. The egg is found in the __________ of the pistil and this develops into the __________ following fertilization. a. stigma; fruit b. style; endosperm c. ovary; fruit d. ovary; inflorescence.
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C
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22. Plants that lack showy flowers are probably pollinated by: a. bees b. ants c. hummingbirds d. the wind.
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D
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23. Which of the following is NOT a eukaryote? a. fungi b. bacteria c. plants d. animals e. protistans
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B
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24. A rod-shaped prokaryote is called a _______________. a. flagellum b. spirillum c. coccus d. bacillus
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D
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25. A spherical prokaryote is called a _______________. a. flagellum b. spirillum c. coccus d. bacillus
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C
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26. A spiral of corkscrew-shaped prokaryote is known as a a. flagellum b. spirillum c. coccus d. bacillus
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B
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27. A _______________ is a technique used to determine whether or not a bacterium has a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan. a. lytic infection b. lysogenic infection c. sterilization d. Gram stain
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D
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28. A type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote replicates its DNA, and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells is ________________. a. conjugation b. binary fission c. meiosis d. nitrogen fixation
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B
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29. Formed when bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm is known as a(n) _______________. This structure ensures the survival of a bacterium through periods of environmental stress a. pathogen b. endotoxin c. endospore d. peptidoglycan e. gram positive
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C
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30. A _________________ is an infectious particle made of protein rather than RNA or DNA. a. retrovirus b. capsid c. bacteriophage d. prion
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D
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31. A(n) _______________ is a particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells. a. pathogen b. virus c. endospore d. antibiotic
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B
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32. The caterpillar pictured here has wasp pupae attached that will hatch and then consume the caterpillar. This relationship is an example of a. mutualism b. commensalism c. parasitism d. sexual selection
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C
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33. In a healthy ecosystem, trophic level A will be composed of a. carnivores b. herbivores c. heterotrophs d. autotrophs e. producers
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E
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34. A relationship between two organisms of different species in which one benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed: a. mutualism b. symbiosis c. commensalism d. parasitism
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C
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36. An organism whose removal from an ecosystem may cause the collapse of that ecosystem is known as a(n) a. dominant predator b. tertiary consumer c. herbivore d. keystone species
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D
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38. As a population grows, factors that slow or limit the growth of the population include a. competition for resources b. disease and parasitism c. emmigration d. predation e. all of the above
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E
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40. Ants are known to protect, or "tend" aphids from predators, and in return receive some nutrients from the aphids. This relationship is an example of a. commensalism b. mutualism c. parasitism d. sexual selection
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B
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41. Most extinctions occurring on the planet today are due to a. hunting b. loss of habitat c. global warming d. invasive species
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B
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42. A foreign species of organism, introduced into a new ecosystem, will not become invasive unless a. the population is sufficiently large to allow for natural breeding b. pregnant females are released c. it is well suited to the habitat into which it is being released d. people help care for them until they adapt e. there is an available niche, or a weaker competitor occupies that niche
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A
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43. Most climate models predict that during this century, the average temperature a. on land will increase, and the average ocean temperatures will decrease b. on land will decrease, and the average ocean temperatures will increase c. on land will decrease, as will the average ocean temperatures d. on land will increase, as will the average ocean temperatures
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D
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45. Wastes and dead organisms from the food chain will be fed upon by a. decomposers b. tertiary consumers c. autotrophs d. herbivores
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A
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46. Bees collect nectar from flowers, and serve as pollinators for the plants. This relationship is an example of a. predator-prey b. commensalism c. mutualism d. parasitism
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C
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47. Examples of symbiotic relationships include a. parasitism b. commensalism c. cannibalism d. mutualism
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D
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48. The plant shown here is Russian thistle, better known as tumbleweed. It was accidentally introduced into the United States in the nineteenth century in contaminated flax seed. The fact that it has spread throughout the western United States suggests that a. it has an efficient seed dispersal mechanism b. regions of Russia have a climate similar to the western United States c. it is being farmed as an agricultural crop d. it is an attractive garden plant
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A
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50. Invasive species may harm an ecosystem by a. introducing new diseases b. outcompeting native species c. altering habitat d. All of the above
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D
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51. What part of the female reproductive system produces eggs? a. Oviducts b. Uterus c. Ovary d. Vagina
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C
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52. Prokaryotic cells have defined nuclei. a. True b. False
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B
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53. Double-stranded viruses can reproduce using the lytic cycle. Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? a. Viral DNA is incorporated into the host chromosomes. b. The viral genome replicates without destroying the host. c. The viral DNA transcribes itself and creates all the products needed for assembly d. The virus penetrates the host and injects protein into the cell
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A
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56. The menstrual cycle prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg. How long is an average menstrual cycle from start to finish? a. 20 days b. 2 weeks c. 28 days d. 7 days
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C
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57. What term do we use to describe a sperm cell fusing with an egg cell? a. Combination b. Reproduction c. Fertilization d. Intercourse
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C
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58. Which part of the male reproductive system produces the sperm cells? a. Testes b. Penis c. Scrotum d. Sperm duct
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A
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59. Purple loosestrife, originally brought to North America accidentally on cargo ships, reproduces very quickly and aggressively, often crowding out species like the cattail that have been growing in British Columbia for thousands of years. The cattail is an example of a. Introduced species b. Invasive species c. Non-native species d. Native species
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D
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60. Zebra mussels, an invasive species that is pushing local species of freshwater shellfish to extinction, were introduced to the Great Lakes by: a. Migrating Americans b. Teenagers playing a prank c. Ballast water (sea water that ships carry for stability and then discharge) d. None of the above
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C
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61. Each year, invasive species are estimated to cost the U.S. economy: a. $12 thousand b. $120 thousand c. $12 million d. $129 billion
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D
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62. Twins that result from the splitting of one zygote are called a. universal b. fraternal c. identical d. mitochondrial
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C
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63. Oöcytes are: a. ova that have not yet completed the oögenesis process b. the locations on chromosomes where ova are produced c. the male equivalent of ova d. the fertilized egg
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A
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64. Viruses differ from living organisms in that viruses... a. have nucleic acid b. cannot reproduce on their own c. can transform energy d. can make protein
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B
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65. Which of the following statements about human reproduction is true? a. Mitosis in males is also known as spermatogenesis. b. Sperm and ova are zygotes. c. Oögenesis takes place in the ovaries of females.
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C
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66. The normal period of pregnancy from the end of the last menstrual cycle. a. 40 weeks b. 37 weeks c. 35 weeks d. 43 weeks
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A
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67. In which structure does fertilization occur? a. ovary b. vagina c. fallopian tube d. uterus
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C
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68. Which of the following does sperm NOT travel through? a. ureter b. urethra c. vas deferens d. epididymus
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A
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69. What is the correct order for how a virus makes more viruses through infecting a host cell? #1 inject #2 release #3 attach #4 replicate a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 4, 3, 2, 1 c. 1, 3, 2, 4 d. 3, 1, 4, 2 e. 3, 4, 1, 2
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D
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70. What is the human form of Mad Cow Disease called a. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease b. scrapie c. spongiform encephalitis d. chronic wasting disease
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C
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71. Bacteria cause about percent of illnesses? a. 20% b. 10% c. 80% d. 50%
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D
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72. Which is an example of an RNA virus? a. HIV/AIDS b. Smallpox c. Herpes d. Hepatitis B.
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A
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73. Of the two basic pathways of viral release which involves a large number of viruses being released? a. budding b. penetration c. bursting d. lysis
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D
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74. Gram___________ bacteria have thicker peptidoglycan walls and stain____________ a. positive, pink b. negative, pink c. positive, purple d. negative, purple
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C
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75. How do most antibiotics work? a. By preventing viral attachment b. By inhibiting peptidoglycan c. By eliminating exotoxins d. By preventing budding
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B
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76. The botulinum known as botox toxin is an example of a a. endotoxin b. exotoxin c. viral byproduct d. endospore
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B
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77. Which is (are) a reason for the decline of bed bugs observed in the 1950's a. better home construction b. improved disinfection methods c. improved bedding for mattresses d. the use of broad spectrum insecticides e. both a and d
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E
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78. Which species is considered the bed bug. a. climax lectularius b. climax adjunctus
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A
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79. How many eggs can a bed bug lay per day? a. 0 b. 1-12 c. 100-1000 d. 1000 and up
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B
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80. Bed bug nymphs and adults can survive up to a year without food. a. true b. false
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A
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81. Uroshiol is a ... a. toxic oil found in plant tissues b. toxin given off by bacterial spores c. toxin that is the byproduct of a virus d. the inner lining of the uterus
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A
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82. Oogenesis results in a. three nonfunctional polar bodies b. 4 functional eggs c. one nonfunctional egg d. 3 functional eggs
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A
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83. Stem Cells are ... a. nonfunctional cells b. undifferentiated cells c. cells that have been assigned to differentiate d. cells that can never change
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B
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