BIO 101 CH 1 – Flashcards
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What is the correct format for the binomial name of human beings?
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a. Homo Sapiens b. homo Sapiens c. homo sapiens d. Homo sapiens e. Sapiens homo d. Homo sapiens
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Corn belongs to the kingdom
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a. Plantae b. Animalia c. Fungi d. Protista e. Archaea a. Plantae
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Some students consume large amounts of coffee and so-called energy drinks to help them stay alert when studying. You notice that many who engage in this practice seem to do poorly on exams. Suppose you want to investigate the relationship between caffeine consumption and exam performance. Which of the following statements would be an appropriate hypothesis?
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a. Students who consume large amounts of caffeine while studying will have lower exam scores than those who consume less caffeine. b. One should avoid consuming too much caffeine while studying. c. Too much caffeine is harmful to your health. d. Many students consume large amounts of caffeine while studying. e. Caffeine increases alertness but also increases anxiety. a. Students who consume large amounts of caffeine while studying will have lower exam scores than those who consume less caffeine.
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The most important factor that determines where major ecosystems are located on the globe is
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a. soil type b. available vegetation c. climate d. oxygen levels e. political boundaries c. climate
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An unmanned spacecraft has been sent to another planet to detect other life forms that might be quite different from those on Earth. If the probe could only send back one still picture, which property or properties of life would be most evident?
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a. organization b. homeostasis and metabolism c. growth and reproduction d. response to stimuli e. evolution a. organization
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When researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice, the mice constitute the
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a. hypothesis b. data c. experimental design d. model e. control d. model
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You are conducting an experiment to determine which brand of fertilizer results in the greatest amount of fruit production by tomato plants. In this example, the response variable would be the
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a. brand of fertilizer b. unfertilized tomato plants c. fertilized tomato plants d. amount of fruit produced by the tomato plants e. variety of tomato plants d. amount of fruit produced by the tomato plants
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Which statement regarding the scientific method is false?
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a. A theory that has been repeatedly supported is sometimes called a law b. Consistent observations about a hypothesis may lead to a theory c. Theories formed in everyday life carry the same validity as a scientific theory. d. Only one experimental variable is used in a controlled experiment e. Published research provide enough detail to allow anyone to repeat the experiment in the same manner. c. Theories formed in everyday life carry the same validity as a scientific theory.
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In the late 1800s, Louis Pasteur was searching for a vaccine for anthrax in livestock. One French veterinarian had a local reputation for being able to cure anthrax by applying oils and wrapping the animal in cloth to induce a fever. Pasteur also knew that some animals got well on their own when left untreated. Pasteur tested the effectiveness of the local veterinarian's methods by injecting four cattle with anthrax bacteria. He then directed the veterinarian to perform his procedures on two cattle. The other two cattle were left alone. What is the rationale for Pasteur's experimental design?
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a. Two cattle represent a test of the veterinarian's hypothesis; two represent a test of Pasteur's hypothesis. b. Two cattle represent a test of the treatment; two serve as a control to determine the likelihood of survival without treatment. c. Two cattle represent a test based on inductive reasoning; two serve to test deductive reasoning. d. The two cattle that are treated are the only test being conducted; the other two cattle serve no purpose beyond representing all the untreated cattle in France. e. The two cattle not being treated were just a whim on Pasteur's part. b. Two cattle represent a test of the treatment; two serve as a control to determine the likelihood of survival without treatment.
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Which domains contain organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus?
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a. Archaea & Bacteria b. Archaea & Eukarya c. Bacteria & Eukarya d. Eukarya & Animalia e. Archaea & Animalia a. Archaea & Bacteria
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As the human population size increases,
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a. ecosystems remain unaffected b. fewer fossil fuels are burned and carbon dioxide levels remain constant c. it becomes evident that preserving the biosphere has no benefit to humans d. fewer ecosystems are destroyed, resulting in an abundance of biodiversity e. biodiversity is adversely affected as humans have destructive effects on ecosystems e. biodiversity is adversely affected as humans have destructive effects on ecosystems
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Which of the following statement is based on scientific observation and reasoning?
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a. Some chemical compounds react differently in different human cultures b. If a tree falls in a forest but this is never witnessed by a human, there are no physical or biological consequences c. Many physical and biological phenomena lack any cause-and-effect; outcomes from one situation may be one way today and another tomorrow d. Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface regardless of the observer e. A scientist records only the data that are easiest to interpret. d. Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface regardless of the observer
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The term "biodiversity" refers to
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a. a study of ecosystems without consideration of the living organisms b. the similarities between species c. the rate of extinction of species due to human activities d. the total number of species, variation of species and the ecosystems in which they live e. the study of food chains within an ecosystem d. the total number of species, variation of species and the ecosystems in which they live
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Which of the following is of least importance when concerning the preservation of ecosystems?
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a. Ecosystem preservation maintains the status of species in their current state b. Many different organisms perform services that ensure our continued existence c. Humans derive medicines, food and many important materials from functioning ecosystems d. Preservation of ecosystems allows humans to exploit as many resources as possible e. It is estimated that possibly 400 species become extinct each day due to activities of humans d. Preservation of ecosystems allows humans to exploit as many resources as possible
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In the late 1800s, Louis Pasteur was searching for a vaccine for anthrax in livestock. One French veterinarian has a local reputation for being able to cure anthrax by applying oils and wrapping the animal in cloth to induce a fever. Pasteur also knew that some animals got well on their own when left untreated. Pasteur tested the effectiveness of the local veterinarian's methods by injecting four cattle with anthrax bacteria. He then directed the veterinarian to perform his procedures on two cattle. The other two cattle were left alone. One cow from each group died and the other one in each group survived. Pasteur dismissed the veterinarian's procedure as ineffective, but he also considered this to be a poor test. Why would he consider this to be a poor test?
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a. The difference in survival between the two groups was not dependent on the treatment b. Ina small group with 50% survival, the treated cows would have survived anyway c. The number of cows that survived was the same as the number of cows that died. d. With such a small group you can't determine if survival was dependent on the treatment or random chance. e. The production of a fever in the treated cattle interfered with the outcome. d. With such a small group you can't determine if survival was dependent on the treatment or random chance
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Which level of biological organization is composed of tissues?
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a. organism b. organ system c. organ d. cell e. molecules c. organ
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Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
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a. hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion b. conclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, scientific theory c. observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory d. observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, scientific theory e. scientific theory, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observation c. observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory
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Which classification category includes the most species?
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a. family b. genus c. class d. phylum e. kingdom e. kingdom
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A multicellular, photosynthetic organism with complex, specialized cells and tissues would most likely be assigned to
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a. kingdom Animalia b. kingdom Fungi c. domain Archaea d. kingdom Protista e. kingdom Plantae e. kingdom Plantae
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The three major domains of life are
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a. plants, animals, and protists b. bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotes c. eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and animals d. archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes e. eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and fungi d. archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes
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Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning used to form a hypothesis?
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a. Every fungus that has ever been studies absorbs its food; therefore, food absorption is characteristic of fungi b. All fungi absorb their food; if mushroom are fungi; then the mushroom absorbs its food c A mushroom is classified in the kingdom Fungi of the domain Eukarya d. This cell from a mushroom has a nucleus e. Fungi are not capable of photosynthesis a. Every fungus that has ever bene studies absorbs its food; therefore, for absorption is characteristic of fungi
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Nutrient molecules are used as building blocks or for energy. This best represents which characteristic of life?
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a. Living things acquire materials and energy from the environment. b. Living things are homeostatic C. Living things are adapted d. Living things grow and develop e. Living things respond to stimuli a. Living things acquire materials and energy from the environment
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You have discovered a previously unknown organism. It is multicellular, with a filamentous form, and absorbs food from its environment. Upon microscopic examination, you see that the cells have nuclei. How would you classify this organism?
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a. domain Bacteria b. kingdom Animalia c. kingdom Protista d. kingdom Fungi e. kingdom Plantae d. kingdom Fungi
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Technology is the ________
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a. application of scientific knowledge for a practical purpose b. study of living organisms c. study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment d. application of common knowledge for a practical purpose e. application of laws to benefit society a. application of scientific knowledge for a practical purpose
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The bones in a bird are hollow, reducing its weight for flight. This is an example of which characteristic of life?
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a. Living things grow and develop b. Living things acquire materials and energy from the environment c. Living things reproduce d. Living things are adapted e. Living things are homeostatic d. Living things are adapted
