Big data, IS, AI – Flashcards
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Big data
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Data that is so large and complex that it cannot be processed using conventional methods such as ordinary database managememt software
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Implications of big data
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1. Big data derives from a bundle of old and new data sources 2. Could lead to a revolution in measurement 3. Lead to better decision making
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Uses of big data
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- Medical research - marketing - politics - entertainment programming
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IS
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A combination of people, hardware, and databases that processes data and information for a specific purpose.
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Qualities of good information
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- correct and verifiable - complete yet concise - cost efficient - current - accessible
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Organizational departments
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Most organizations have 6 departments within which information must flow, horizontally (day to day business)
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6 departments
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1. Research and development 2. Production (operations) 3. Marketing and sales 4. Accounting and finance 5. Human resources (personnel) 6. Information systems (IS)
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3 levels of management
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- strategic level (top) - tactical level ( middle) - operational level (bottom)
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The ____ manager makes low level decisions by following a well- defined set of routine procedures**
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Operational management
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Office information system
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- office automation system - combines various technologies to reduce the manual labor - all levels of an organization use this. - OIS Backbone= network (LAN, intranet, extranet)
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Transaction processing system (TPS)
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Transactions are recorded events of routine business activities such as bills, orders, and inventory. - keeps track of the transactions needed to conduct a business
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Management information system (MIS)
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Computer- based information system that uses data recorded by a TPS as input to programs
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If you were in operations, which type of computer based information system would you probably use?**
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TPS
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Decision support system (DSS)
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Computer information system that provides a flexible tool for analysis and helps management focus on the future. - developed to support the types of decisions faced by managers in specific industries.
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Executive support system (ESS)
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Easy to use DSS made especially for strategic (top level) managers to support strategic decision making - what if scenarios
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Expert system (ES)
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Also know as the knowledge based system. - one of the most useful applications of artificial intelligence (AI) - helps users solve problems that would otherwise require the assistance of a human expert.
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If you were in top management, which type of computer- based information system would you use?
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ESS
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Two approaches to AI
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1. Conventional AI 2. Computational AI
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Conventional
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Attempts to mimic human intelligence through logic and symbol manipulation as well as statistics
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Computational
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Relies less on formal logical systems and more on experimental and trial and error methods.
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Weak AI
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Computers can be programmed to simulate human cogitation and only some human cognition to solve problems or tasks.
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Strong Ai
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Computers can be made to think on a level that is at least equal to humans and possibly even more conscious of themselves.
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Three components of expert system:
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-Knowledge base - inference engine - user interface
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Pattern recognition
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Involves a camera and software that identify recurring visual patterns by mapping them against similar pattern stored in a database
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Virtual reality and simulation devices
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Computer generated artificial reality that projects a person into a sensation of 3-D space.
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One use of virtual reality is to build ____ and use them to train people in realistic situations
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Simulators
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Robots
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The developments and study of machines that can perform actions that are normally done by people
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Fuzzy logic
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Method of dealing with imprecise data and uncertainty, with problems that have many answers rather than one - simulate human logic
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Neural networks
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Simulate behavior of biological neural networks, as in pattern recognition, language processing, and problem solving.
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Turning test
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Artificial intelligence leads to the question of how can we know a machine is truly intelligent, which figures in the turning test.
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Singularity
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Smarter than human computers.
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AI ethics
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Ethics underlies everything having to do with AI - we need bias free software.
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Which of the following is NOT a component of an expert system?
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Speech recognition
