Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry Unit Review – Flashcards
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Element
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A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means is (an)...
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Compound
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A substance formed by the chemical combinations of two of more elements is a(n)...
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Atom
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The basic unit of all elements is the...
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Protons; Neutrons; Electrons
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Atoms are made up of three particles: ..., ..., and ...
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Nucleus
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The dense central portion of the atom is the...
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Atomic Number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the...of the element
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Mass Number
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The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atoms is its...
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Isotope
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Different varieties of the same elements having different numbers on neutrons in their nuclei are called...
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Ionic Bonding
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Chemical bonding in which there is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another is a(n)...
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Covalent Bonding
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Chemical bonding in which there is a sharing of electrons between atoms is a(n)
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pH
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Measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution may be given in terms of...
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Monosaccharide; Disaccharide; Polysaccharide
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Glucose is a..., maltose is a..., and starch is a...
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Dehydration Synthesis
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the type of reaction by which proteins are synthesized is...
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Hydrolysis
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The type of reactions by which carbohydrates are broken down is...
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Polymer
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Large molecules made up of chains of repeating units are...
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Inorganic
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... compounds do not contain carbon
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Acids
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... are substances that fall between the 0-6.9 on the pH scale
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Reactants
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Substances to the left of the yields arrow in a chemical equation are called...
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Amino Acid
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Monomer and proteins
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Enzymes
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Proteins that act as organic catalysts
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Nucleon Acids
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RNA and DNA
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Unsaturated Fat
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A lipid containing 1 double bond between the carbon atoms
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Amino Group
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NH2
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Hydrolysis
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Digestion is accomplished by this type of reaction
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Carboxyl Group
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COOH
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Type of reaction by which complex molecules are synthesized form simple molecule
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Glycerol
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Alcohol found in lipids
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Polymer
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A substance composed of similar repeating units
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4
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An atom has 14 electrons. It's third energy level has ... electrons
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Active Site
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The part of a enzyme that attracts and holds the substrate is the...
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Nitrogen
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Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain...atoms
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4
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How many electrons can a carbon atom share?
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Protons and Neutrons
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The nucleus of an atom contains...
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Neutral Solution
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A pH of 7 indicates a...
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Carbon
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Organic compounds always contain...
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Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
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Carbohydrates are composed of...
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Monosaccharides
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Glucose and fructose are both...
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Disaccharides
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Maltose and sucrose are both...
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Monosaccharides join to form disaccharides by...
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Hydrolysis
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Disaccharides are broken down into their component monosaccharides by...
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Polysaccharides
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Cellulose and glycogen are...
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Three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol
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Simple lipids consist of...
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Peptide Bonds
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The bonds between amino acids in proteins are...
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Proteins
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Enzymes are...
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Increase reaction rates
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Enzymes...
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C, H, O, N, P
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Nucleic acids are composed of...
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Contains the hereditary information
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DNA...
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Protein Synthesis
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RNA is involved in...
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Two
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How many water molecules are present in the following chemical equation?: 2H2O -> 2H2 + O2
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Four
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How many hydrogen atoms are present in the following chemical equation?: 2H2O -> 2H2 + O2
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Triglycerides
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...consist of the majority of fat in an organism.
