Barron’s AP World History Ch.7 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Feudalism
answer
Monarchs awarded land to loyal followers, or vassals. In exchange, these vassals guaranteed that their parcels of land (fiefs) would be governance.
question
Chivalry
answer
Ensured that knights acted as virtuous, Christian warriors, dealing fairly with lower classes and treating women with delicacy and respect.
question
Serfs
answer
Peasants who weren't slaves but were tied to a feudal lords' land and had no right to change profession or residence without permission. Serfs spent a number of days per month working directly for their lords and also owed them a portion of their crops and livestock.
question
Charlemagne (r. 768-814)
answer
He defeated Vikings, Muslims, and barbarians; sponsored education and culture, created a network of administrators and local officials to supervise territories and formed the Holy Roman Empire. His empire was split by his grandsons; however his example was followed by later monarchs.
question
Who were the most stable states at this time?
answer
England and France. The Norman Conquest of 1066 brought French-style feudalism to England and fused Latin-based culture with the Celtic and Anglo-Saxon traditions present in the British Isles.
question
Magna Carta
answer
1215; guaranteed the nobility certain rights and privileges. Later, the English nobility won the right to form a Parliament.
question
Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
answer
England vs France. French win, with the help of Joan of Arc.
question
Theme System
answer
Byzantium granted land to soldiers serving in frontier zones; proved a clever way to protect the empire's borders.
question
Ideal of Christendom
answer
The concept of Europe joined by common allegiance to the Christian church.
question
Popes had the right to ___________________.
answer
Determine heresy and excommunicate worshippers.
question
Holy Inquisition
answer
Set of special courts with wide-ranging powers, to seek out and punish non-conformity. Holy wars = crusades.
question
Dar al-Islam
answer
"House of peace" where Sharia law was dominant and Muslims were guaranteed to worship freely.
question
Dar al-Harb
answer
"House of war" where Islam was NOT established.
question
Muslim world governed by ___________
answer
A caliph "successor" who combined political and religious power.
question
Sunni-Shiite split (656-661)
answer
Power passed to the Umayyad caliphate (661-750) which governed from the Syrian city of Damascus.
question
Islam's Holy Language
answer
Arabic is the religion's holy language and they started imposing taxes (jizya) on those who did not convert.
question
Abbasid caliphate (750-1258)
answer
Established Baghdad as capital, built libraries and madrasas (centers of learning).
question
Trade in Middle East
answer
Relationship of cultural & economic exchange with the Tang emperors in China.
question
Political unity began to disintegrate; what happened as a result?
answer
This weakness made it easier for the European Crusades to wreak havoc on the Middle East.
question
The Mongols captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last caliph. True or false?
answer
True.
question
Black Death
answer
Middle East suffered from the Black Death. But later on, the Ottoman Turks settled in Asia Minor and founded their own state under Osman I (1280-1326).
question
Berbers
answer
Nomadic herders and hardened warriors who embraced the new faith with enthusiasm.
question
Ghana and Mali (W. Africa)
answer
Ghana and Mali (mid 1200s to 1600s) became Islamic. Ghana played a prominent role in trans-Saharan trade, and so did Mali.
question
Mali
answer
Mali's chieftain was Sundiata and the chief commercial and cultural hub was Timbuktu. The most powerful ruler was Mansa Musa (1312-1337) a devout Muslim who centralized the government and expanded trade. His hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca was an international sensation. Due to foreign attacks, Mali weakened in the 1400s and 1500s.
question
East Africa
answer
Swahili city states flourished in the 1000-1500 years. Key ports were Mogadishu, Mombasa, Sofala, and Zanzibar.
question
Decline in population growth due to ___________
answer
Fluctuating climate and human susceptibility to insect-borne diseases.
question
Sui Dynasty (589-618)
answer
Reunified China and expanded its borders.
question
Tang Dynasty (618-906)
answer
Forced many of its neighbors into a tributary system. Emperor Xuanzong (712-755) extended China's rule. Tang rulers expanded the Grand Canal, and they stimulated the Chinese economy by taking advantage of Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade. The An Shi Rebellion started in the 700s and in 907, the dynasty collapses.
question
Song Empire (960-1279)
answer
Ruled east-central China. Enjoyed steady population growth, increased urbanization, thriving trade, and great cultural and technological advancement. They relied heavily on doctrines of Neo-Confucianism and followed the mandate of heaven concept.
question
China 1200s
answer
Genghis Khan rose up in the early 1200s and Mongols began moving into Chinese territory. The Song fell in the 1270s to Kublai Khan, and he proclaimed the Yuan Empire (1271-1368). He reigned until 1294 and made Yuan China rich and powerful. Marco Polo visited China.
question
China early 1300s
answer
China faces Black Death.
question
Ming Dynasty
answer
(1368-1644)
question
Zheng He
answer
Made seven voyages and expanded trade, learned about the world, and forced 50 states and cities to pay tribute.
question
Heian Period (794-1185)
answer
Japan's classical era.
question
Taira-Minamoto War (1156-1185)
answer
Each side supported a rival claimant to the emperor's throne. Minamoto victory marked Japan's transition to medieval feudalism.
question
Shogun
answer
Shogun = "great general". Two shogun regimes, the Kamakura and Ashikaga ruled between the late 1100s and late 1500s.
question
Daimyo
answer
Daimyo received control over parcels of land called shoen. Both the shogun and daimyo belonged to the warrior elite known as the samurai.
question
Bushido
answer
Bushido = strict code of honor, loyalty, and bravery "way of the warrior"
question
India
answer
India remained in disunity. Small states and independent cities governed through the subcontinent.
question
Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)
answer
Tension between Hindus & Muslims.1398, Timur attacked Delhi from the north, capturing it and plundering it for a year.
question
Khmer empire (500s-1400s) in Cambodia and Srivijayan Empire (500s-1100s)
answer
Governed Indonesian lands and parts of the Malay Peninsula.
question
The First Crusade (1096-1099)
answer
Sparked by Byzantine requests for military aid against the Seljuk Turks.
question
Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
answer
Venetian-backed trade war against Christian Constantinople.
question
Long term effects of the Crusades
answer
Worsening of relationship between European Christians and Muslim Middle East, and technology transfer.
question
Pax Mongolica
answer
"Mongol peace".
question
1227
answer
Genghis Khan's death
question
Mongols
answer
The Mongols imposed a single political authority, revived Silk Road trade, and enforced law & order; they were cultural borrowers.
question
Anasazi (400-1300)
answer
Lived in pueblos in the Southwest.
question
Mississippian civilization (700-1500)
answer
Ohio & Mississippi River.
question
North America
answer
Native Americans began to form hunter-forager groups that evolved into major tribes that remain today.
question
Toltecs
answer
An aggressive warrior society that ruled between 800s-1100s.
question
Aztecs (1200s-1500s)
answer
Chief city was Tenochtitlan; they adopted practices of pyramid building and human sacrifice. Tributary system provided them with foodstuffs and gold. Defeated by the Spanish in the early 1500s.
question
Moche (200-700)
answer
Many people used the knot-tying method of quipu to keep records.
question
Incas (1300s-1500s)
answer
Built a massive empire, stretching 3,000 miles. They had a road network, elaborate bureaucracy, extreme social stratification. Their ruler, known as the Great Inca, was considered the descendant of the sun god. Defeated by Spanish conquest in the early 1500s.
