Bacteria – Microbiology Flashcard
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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| Gram (+) diplococci, alpha-hemolytic, opt sensitive, capsular, catalase (-) Disease: 1. Causes 60% of pneumonia cases 2. Most common cause of meningitis in adults (over 30 years) Vaccine: polyvalent and conjugated |
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| Moraxella catarrhalis |
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| Typical pneumonia Gm - Commensal in 1/2 children and elderly |
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| Legionella pneumophila |
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Severe pneumonia Pontiac fever (less severe) Gm -, Opportunistic, amoeba or macrophages
Grow on charcoal yeast extract culture
Environmental water source
Treat w/ erythromycin
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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| Enterobacteraceae gm -, lac +, facultative anaerobe pneumonia in hospitals and alcoholics |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| Gm - Pneumonia in CF patients Nosocomial |
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| Haemophilus influenzae type b |
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| Pneumonia (opportunistic) and meningitis in children 6 m - 4 yrs Hib Vaccine: Hib-PrP capsular antigen Diagnosis: NAD and Hemin (X, V factor respectively), chocolate agar |
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| Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Atypical pneumonia no cell walls, sterols treat w/ antibiotics that don't attack cell walls ; Sequela: Guillan Barre Syndrome |
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| Chlamydia pneumoniae |
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| Gm (-), obligate intracellular pathogen Atypical walking pneumonia EB/RB forms |
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| Chlamydia psitacci |
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| Gm (-), obligate intracellular pathogen Atypical walking pneumonia Parrot fever |
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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| Acid-fast, 40% lipid wall, mycolic acids, aerobic, catalase (+), slow growth rate, facultative intracellular growth in macrophages Nonmotile, no capuse, no pili, no exotoxin/endotoxin Causes Primary (Ghon complex) and/or Secondary TB disease (pulmonary or extrapulmonary) |
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| Mycobacterium leprae |
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Acid-fast, slow growing, obligatory intracellular parasite, cat (+) Contagious after prolonged contact Clinical: Tuberculoid (granulomas) when CMI active Lepromatous: (skin lesions, leonine facies deformations) when CMI defective ; Tx: oral dapson (toxicity - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia) |
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| M. avium-Intracellular Complex (MAC) |
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| TB-like disease in immunocompromised Systemic in AIDS patients |
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| Mycobacterium Kansasii |
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| Photo-chromogenic mycobacterium Pulmonary TB |
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| Actinomyces Israelii |
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| Type of Antinomycosis: opportunistic, branched filamentous growth Anearobic, Gm (+), not acid fast Facial and neck sulfur granules |
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| Nocardiosis spp. |
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| Type of Antinomycosis: opportunistic, branched filamentous growth Acid-fast, aerobic |
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| Vibrio cholerae |
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Vibrionaceae family lacatose (-), oxidase (+), Hektoen (-) In contaminated water (seafood) Toxin - ADP ribosylation of G protein --> AC --> Cl- into lumen of gut, decreasing Na+ absorption --> H2O --> severe diahrrhea |
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| E. coli species |
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| Gm (-), oxidase (-), Hektoen (+), MacConkey agar, motile ETEC (traveller's), EHEC (Hemorrhagic), EIEC, EPEC (pediatric) Family enterobacteriaceae |
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| EHEC |
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| SMAC (-), 0157:H7, shiga toxin Dysentery, HUS, renal & CNS complications, hemolytic anemia Family enterobacteriaceae |
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| Shigella dysenteriae |
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Gm (-), lactose (-), oxidase (-), no H2S Shiga-toxin, O-antigen Cause dysentery Family enterobacteriaceae
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| Camylobacter jejuni |
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| Family vibrionaceae Gm -, campy agar, urease - (if +, H. pylori), found in birds (poultry, eggs) Cause dysentery |
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| Salmonella |
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| spp. tyhpi (survive in macrophage) and enteritidis lactose -, oxidase -, H2S +, dysentery Contaminated food/water Typhoid fever: systemic, rash Gastroenteritis: most common cause of food poisoning Family enterobacteriaceae |
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| Vibrio spp. |
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| spp. parahemolyticus, vulnificus Dysentery In shell fish oxidase + |
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| Yersinia enterocolitica |
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| Dysentery zoonotic (daycares) pseudoappendicitis |
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| Bacillus cereus |
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Gram (+) aerobic, spore-forming rod Food poisoning: Emetic and colonizing (GI) |
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| Clostridium difficile |
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| Gram (+) spore-forming rod (toxigenic) Opportunistic with/after antibiotic use: toxin causes dysentery |
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| H. pylori |
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family vibrionaceae Gm - rod, urease + ability to survive in acidic stomach (creates alkaline environment)- causes peptic and duodenal ulcers Tx: triple therapy: metronidazole, omeprazole, clarithromycin |
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| Neisseria Gonorrhea |
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Gm (-), cat (+), maltose non-fermenter, Thayer-martin media Urethritis, penile discharge (often cryptic in females) (STD) Phage (pilE) and Antigenic (pilS) variation) |
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| Chlamydia trachomatis |
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| Gm (-) obligate intracellular pathogen Cause: urethritis and lymphogranuloma venereum EB/RB phase cycle Diagnosis by PCR or LCR from DNA from cervical specimen (female)/ first streem urine (male) |
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| Treponema pallidum |
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| Syphilis Gm (-) spirochete-helical protoplasmic cylinder, motile, grown in rabbit testicles Syphilis: spirochetes can be detected in chancre fluid (non-specific followed by specific Ab tests) Primary, Secondary, tertiary, latent, and congenital forms |
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| Neisseria Meningitidis |
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| 1. Meningococcemia, (2) Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome (hemorrhage) (3) sequela: hearing loss and mental retardation Affects closed groups, c5-c9 deficiencies, sub-saharan africa (neonates IgG immune) Gm - diplococci, chocolate agar |
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| Streptococcus Agalactide (GBS) |
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| Found in Genitourinary tract and lower GI Neonatal sepsis, meningitis, post-partum sepsis Other causes of neonatal meningitis: Listeria monocytogenes, E coli, staph A, Enterococcus |
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| Yersinia pestis |
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| Bubonic plague Gm - coccobacilli Rat flea (coagulase) Death in 7-10 days |
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| Francisella tularensis |
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| Tularemia- deerfly fever gm- coccobacilli don't play with dead mammals/birds! insect bites |
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| Brucella melitensis, abortus |
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| Brucellosis-Malta fever Gm - coccobacilli milk from cows (vaccinate cows and pasteurize milk to prevent) |
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| Pasteurella multocida |
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| Gm - coccobacilli dog bite |
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| Borrelia burgdorferi |
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| Lyme disease, deer tick -Early localized, early disseminated (CNS), and Late (chronic) stage -sequela due to antigenic switching Spirochete Doxycilin |
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| Bacillus anthracis |
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| Gram positive spore-forming rod In sheep |
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| Listeria monocytogenes |
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| Gram positive non-spore forming rod Neonatal meningitis In fertilizer |
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| Bartonella hanselae |
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| Cat scratch disease |
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| Bartonella quintana |
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| Trench fever |
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| Rickettsia ricketsii |
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| Rocky Mountain Spotted fever Wood/dog tick Rash starts from periphery and migrate to the trunk Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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| Rickettsia prowazeki |
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| Endemic Louse-borne Typhus (Brill-zinsser disease- relapse) Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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| Rickettsia typhi |
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| Endemic Murine Typhus (rat tick) Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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| Rickettsia tsusugamushi |
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| Scrub typhus (mites) Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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| Rickettsia akari |
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| Rickettsia Pox Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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| Ehlrichia chaffeensins |
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| Ehlrichiosis (multiplies in WBCs) Lymes-like |
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| Coxiella burnetti |
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| Q fever |
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| Corneybacterium diptheriae |
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| Gm + non-spore forming rod Diptheria toxin: Simple A-B (ADP-ribosylates EF, repressed by iron) Mucoid coat in throat (can spread to heart and peripheral nerves) D(PT) vaccine Diagnosis: potassium tellurite agar |
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| Bordatella pertussis |
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| Gm- coccoid Pertussis toxin: complex A-B (ADP ribosylates Gi ==> increases cAMP) Whooping cough (D)P(T) vaccine |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| Opportunistic (Pneumonia in CF patients) Gm - rod, lac-, ox+ Toxin: ExoS-ADP ribosylates G proteins ExoA-simple A-B-ribosylates EF2 |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| Opportunistic (Pneumonia in CF patients) Gm - rod, lac-, ox+ Toxin: ExoS-ADP ribosylates G proteins ExoA-simple A-B-ribosylates EF2 |
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| Clostridium tetani |
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| Gm + spore forming rod Toxin: enzymes cleaves secretory proteins in inhibitory neurons blocking NT release CNS, lock jaw |
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| Clostridium botulinum |
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| Gm + spore forming rod Toxin: endopeptidase blocks release of Ach (paralysis) Food intoxication, infant/wound Antitoxin |
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| Clostridium pefringens |
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| Gas Gangrene (muscle necrosis) Gm + spore forming rod (anaerobe) Toxins: lecithinase, enterotoxin, degredative enzymes |
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| Staph Aureus |
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| Gm+, cat +, coagulase +, beta-hemolytic, Virulence: Protein A, clumping factor (antiphagocytic) Infections: suppurulent skin, toxigenic (TSS, SSSS, food poisoning intoxication) |
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| Staph epidermidis |
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| Gm +, cat +, coagulase -, novobiocin sensitive (NO StRES) endocarditis, septicemia |
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| Staph saprophyticus |
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| gm +, cat +, coagulase -, novobiocin resistant (NO StRES) UTIs |
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| Streptococcus Pyogenes |
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| Gm +, cat-, Beta-hemolytic, Group A Virulence factors: M protein, enzymes (invade and spread), SPE (A,B,C,E) Infections: 1.Pharyngitis (can lead to ARF) 2. Skin (can lead to AGN, TSLS) 3. Toxigenic (Scarlet fever, TSLS) 4. Necrotizing fasciitis + pneumonia Sequela: ARF, AGN |
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| Streptococcus Agalictiae |
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| Gm +, cat-, Beta hemolytic, Group B (GBS) lower GI and Genitourinary tract Neonatal sepsis, meningitis, post partum sepsis |
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| Streptococcus Bovis |
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| Gm +, cat-, alpha/non hemolytic, Group D, sodium - Endocarditis, bacteremia |
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| Enterococcus faecalis/faecium |
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| Gm +, cat-, alpha/non hemolytic, Group D, sodium + UTIs TGEs --> antibiotic resistance |
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| Streptococcus pnuemoniae |
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| Gm +, cat-, alpha hemolytic, opt sensitive (OVRPS) pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis |
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| Viridian Streptococcus |
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| Gm +, cat-, alpha hemolytic, opt resistant (OVRPS) Dental caries, heart problems Treat dental pt prophylactically if heart problems exist |
