Bacteria – Microbiology Test Questions – Flashcards
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| Streptococcus pyogenes |
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| -gram (+) cocci strip, catalase (-) -M-protien-inactivates compliment -streptolysin O-beta hemolytic-ASO antibodies cross react for rheumatic fever -Bacitracin sensitive -spreads (staph does not) -pyrogenic exotoxin-super antigen->scarlet fever and shock -scarlet fever-strawberry tongue, sand paper rash -Rheumatic fever->fever, myocarditis, joint sweeling->cross reaction to ASO with antibodies (type II hyper) -Acute-post-strept glomerularnepthritis->typer III hyper, hematuria and fluid retention (hypertension) -impetigo-honey crusted lesions |
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| Steptococcus agalactiae |
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| -Group B- baby->neonatal meningitis -beta hemolysis -cAMP factor-synergy with S.aureus -capsule-allows CNS penetration -Bacitracin resistant -Normal flora in vagina and GI->treat with Abiotics at delivery |
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| Streptococcus sanguis |
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| -Veridan-normal flora in GI and mouth -alpha hemolytic->green -dental infections and cavities -sub-acute endocarditis (slow)- after dental->heart valve -optichin resistan -can form abscess in brain and organs |
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| Streptococcus mutan |
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| -Veridan-normal flora in GI and mouth -alpha hemolytic->green -dental infections and cavities -sub-acute endocarditis (slow)- after dental->heart valve -optichin resistan -can form abscess in brain and organs |
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| Entercocci |
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| -entercocci-S. faecalis-colon-blood->endocarditis -non-entercocci-S. Bovis, S. equines -both can cause UTI and subacute endocarditis |
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| Strepticoccus pneumoniae |
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| -alpha hemolytic-green -diplococci, capsule-halo with quellung -optichin senstitive -most common cause of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia in adults and otitis media in children -latex particle agglutination -vaccine- also 7 in children, 23 in adults |
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| Staphyloccus aureus |
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| -gram (+), cluster of cocci, catalse (+), golden pigment, ferments mannitol -coagulase (+), penicillinase -MRSA with novel PBP -hemolysic leukocidin->destroys RBCs and WBCs -Protien A-cover Fc portion on Ab -hyaluronidase, lipase, protease -exfolitin toxin-scalded skin syndrome -entertoxin-food poisoning (potato salad)-fast acting and heath stable -TSS toxin-sunburn like rash, palms/soles peel -leading cause of osteomylitis -acute endocarditis(fast) w/ IV drug use -impetigo- coagulase keeps bunched together |
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| Staphyloccus epidermidis |
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| -coagulase (-) -skin contaminant on blood cultures -biofilm infections on prosthetic devices |
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| Bacillus anthracis |
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| -gram (+), spore forming, aerobic -only protien capsule -animal hair/wool -edema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor-binary toxin -lungs->wool sorters disease->dead -fever, headache, confusion, widened mediastinum |
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| Bacillus cereus |
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| -chinese food->spores in food-> N & V -motile, non capsulates -heat stabile entertoxin |
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| Clostridium botulinum |
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| -gram (+), spore forming rod, anaerobic -drumstick shape -blocks release of Ach->flaccid paralysis -heat-labile toxin -home-canned, bulging cans, homey (infants) -visual problems->weak/sleepy->respiratory problems and death -hyperimmune human globulin to neutralize toxin (no Ab) |
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| Clostridium tetani |
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| -gram (+), spore forming rod, anaerobic -drumstick shape -rusty nail or skin trauma, burn -inhibit the release of GABA and glycine->spastic paralysis -lock jaw-risus sardonicus -Abiotics and anti-toxin -vaccine-toxoid |
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| Clostridium perfringens |
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| -gram (+), spore forming rod, anaerobic -drumstick shape -gas gangrene, non-motile->trauma -story fermentation -alpha toxin phospholipase C->disrupts membrane->lyses cell (gas) -clostridial myonecrosis->under muscle->death -double zone of hemolysis -Abiotics or hyperbaric chamber |
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| Clostridium difficile |
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| -gram (+), spore forming rod, anaerobic -drumstick shape -clindamycin,cephlasporin, amoxycillin resistant->give vancomycin -psuedomembranous entercolitis->red inflamed mucosa w/ white exudate |
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| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
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| -gram (+), rod -seperate from diptheroids w/ Elek test -chinese letter formation on gram stain (V or L shapes) -A-B toxin-inhibits protein elongation (eEF-2)-acquired from transduction -respiratory droplets -non-invasiv->toxin goes to heart and nerves -dirty-grey psuedomembrane on oropharynx -bull-neck |
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| Escherichia coli |
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| -gram (-), rod, oxidase (-), catalase (+) -Antigens: O-LPS, K-capsule, H-flagella -Capsule -McConkey-pink, EMB-green-Ferments lactose -Most common UTI -2nd most neonatal menigitis -Sepsis -ETEC, EHEC,EPEC, EIEC, EAEC -A-B toxin-LT-heat labile-increase cAMP ST-heat stabile-increase gAMP |
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| ETEC |
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| -traveler's diarrhea-watery, rice water diarrhea (montezuma's revenge) -adhesin -enterotoxin |
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| EHEC |
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| -enterhemorrhagic -undercooked hamburger->bloody diarrhea and urine -Shiga toxin-no invasion -HUS-hemolytic uremic syndrome in children -can't ferment sorbitol-differentiate from other E. Coli |
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| EIEC |
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| -enteroinvasive, only invasive -shigella toxin -bloody diarrhea with fever -Dysentary |
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| EPEC |
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| -enteropathogenic -pediatric gastroenteritis (2nd to rota) |
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| Campylobacter jejuni |
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| -gram (-), oxidase (+), curved rod "gull's wings" -bloody diarrhea->invades->fever -grows at 42*C -Acid resistant, low infectious dose -poultry -diarrhea (1-2 days), S.aurues toxin(1-2 hours) -associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis (molecular mimicry) |
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| Helicobacter pylori |
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| -gram (-), curved rod, urease (+)-nuetralizes acid -fecal/oral or oral/oral -chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcers->gastic adenocarcinoma -MALToma and B-cell lymphoma- resolves w/ Abiotics -biopsy/culture or urea breath test -omeprazole + Abiotics |
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| Nisseria gonorrhoeae |
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| -2nd most common STD behind chlamydia -no capsule, pili, intracellular -kidney shaped diplococci, oxidase(+) -PID, Sterility, ectopic pregnancy -ophtalmia neonatum->eythromycin drops -C5-C8 deficiency -leading cause of pharyngitis is sexual active teens -thayer martin chocolate agar -only ferments glucose (no maltose) -greenish/colorful discharge -most common youth arthritis |
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| Nisseria meningococus |
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| -intracellular, oxidase (+), catalase (+), capsule (thin halo)-latex particle agglutination -leading cause of bacterial meningitis in US-young adults and children -LOS-lacks O antigen -blood vessel destruction-petechiae on skin (black and blue areas on skin) -Maltose and Glucose -Waterhouse-griedrickson->child meningitis->collapse adrenal gland and die -human reservoir in nasopharynx -thayer martin chocolate agar |
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| Bordetella pertusis |
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| -whooping cough (vaccine DTaP) -small, aerobic, gram (-) rod, capsule -lose immunity with age, adults are reservoir -filamentous hemaglutanin-bind and kill cilia (ciliastasis) -toxin-increase cAMP -increase histamine sensitivity -incubation->catarrhal->paroxysmal (cough)->superinfections -bordet-gengou or regan-lowe media |
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| Brucella |
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| -zoonotic->undulant fever -flu-like->cycles of depression and profuse sweating -california, mxico, texas -bioterrorism |
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| Francisella tularensis |
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| tularemia-rabbit fever -small, gram (-), facilitative intracellular, zoonotic -ingestion (enteric), aerosol (pneumonia), tick/cut in skin (cutaneous) -Arkansas and Missouri |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| -nosocomial, immunocompromised, very drug resistant, catalase (+) -oxidase (+),strict aerobe-> no fermentation-grape smell -green/blue pigment -water-sink, shower heads, ACs, contact lenses BE PSEUDO -burn, endocarditis, pneumonia, sepsis, UTI, external otitis media, diabetic osteomyeltic, occular infection -pneumonia common with cystic fibrosis --exotoxin-stops protien elongation |
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| Ligionella pneumophila |
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| -aerobic, gram(-) rod -AC untis, water vaper->lungs->atypical pneumonia (walking) -intracellular -immunocompromised, soldiers, etc. -does not gram stain->do fluorscent Ab test -fastidious- needs iron and cysteine -charcoal-yeast extract -smokers, >55 yrs, alcohol -flu-like illness-pontaic fever->severe pneumonia (legionella disease) |
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| Shigella |
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| non-motile, non H2S, non lactose -pre-schoole and nursing homes->fecal/oral -combo of EHEC and EIEC-release shiga toxin-inhibit protein synthesis and cause HUS but also invade -ulcers in GI from epithelial shedding -fever, abdominal pain, blood/WBCs in diarrhea -S. dyseteriea-most severe |
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| Salmonella |
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| motile, H2S, non-lactose, Vi antigen (capsule) -typhi-non-zoonotic, typhoid mary -ingest->blood->liver->gallbladder (storage)->GI (first week not in GI, in blood) -constipation/fever->diarrhea -Typhoid fever-invade lymph nodes->organs -rose colors spots on abdomen -osteomyelitis with sickle cell -differ from Shigella w/ H2S on HE agar -non-typhi (enteritidis, typhimurium)-zoonotic-chicken, turtles->GI, N & V, bacteremia, fever -# 2 watery/ bloody diarrhea to camplybacter -inflammatory from invasion-no toxin -acid-labile |
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| Vibrio cholera |
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| -more severe ETEC, no cell invasion (A-B toxin->increases cAMP), curved gram (-) rod -fecal/oral->shell fish, floods, katrina -rice water diarrhea->20L/day -shooting star motility, ferments sucrose on TCBS->turns orange, oxidase (+) -acid labile, toxin is heat labile -V. vulnificus and parahaeudytious-less severe, oysters and raw fish -vulnificus-cut hand fileting fish or shucking oysters->rapid celluitis->many need amplication |
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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| enterbacteraciae-oxidase (-) -capsule, lactose fermentor -normal flora or URT and colon -low bar pneumonia in alcoholics (still second to S. pneumo) -dark red gellatanous sputum (currant jelly)->does not smell aspiration like anaerobe |
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| Yersinia pestis |
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| -bubonic (swollen LN) plague, black digits -gram (-) enterobacteriaceae -non motile, no H2S, coagulase (+) -flea->squirrel, prairie dog -desert SW US- (w/ coccidoides and hanta) -pneumonic plague-fatal (bioterror) -Y. enterocolitica-can grow in cold, motile in warm->pseudoappendicitis/bloody diarrhea |
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| Proteus mirabilis |
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| (90% mirabilis, valgaris) -highly motile, H2s, peritrichous flagella->move up urethra->bladder -urease (+)->staghorn renal calculi->lower back pain, fever -colon->usually endogenous infection |
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| Moraxella catarrhalis |
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| gram (-) diplococci->otitis media, sinusitus (after S. pneumo and Haemophylis influenza) |
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| Chlamydia trachomotis |
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| -obligate intracellular, no peptidoglycan, only see PMNs on gram stain -reitor's syndrome-arthritis of large joints -Elemntary bodies->attachment proteins->infectious -Residual bodies->replication -Tochoma-eye infection, leading cause of preventable blindness (kegger)-serotypes A-C -during labor->conjuntivitis (erythromycin eye drops) -Urethritis-most common bacterial STD, co-infection with N. gon. -Lymphogranuloma venoreum (LGV)-swollen LNs->elephantiasis -STD-serotypes D-K |
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| Chlamylolophila psittaci |
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| parrot fever (turkers in US) -aersol bird dust->atypical pneumonia->hepatitis |
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| Chlamydophila pneumoniae |
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| -person to person, walking pneumonia -can lead to CAD |
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| Rickettsia rickettsia |
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| -very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular -Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever-fever, conjunctivitis, headache, rash, N & V, death -rash-ankle/wrist->trunk->palm and soles -dermeocenter tick->S.corolina->N. COROLINA->tennessee |
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| Rickettsia akari |
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| -very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular -Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus -rickettsial pox->mild fever, rash, spread by mites |
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| Rickettsia prowazakii |
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| -very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular -Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus -epidemic typhus-lice->abrupt onset of fever and headache |
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| Rickettsia typhi |
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| -very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular -Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus -endemic thypus-flea -abrupt onset of fever and headache |
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| Rickettsia coxiella |
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| -very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular -Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus -does not require animal vector -Q-fever->fever, flu-like |
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| mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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| -smallest self-replicating organism -no peptidoglycan, cell membrane of sterols -P1 ahesion->trigger uptake and ciliastasis -most common atypical pneumonia->5-15 yrs old->dry hacking cough -cold agglutinins-monoclonal IgM directed at RBC antigen modified with antigen -superantigen->INF 1, 6, TNF alpha -"fried egg" with other species |
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| Ureaplasma urelyticum |
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| -smallest self-replicating organism -no peptidoglycan, cell membrane of sterols -urease (+)-urthritis + renal calculi |
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| Haemophilus influenzae |
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| -capsule-latex particle agglutination -coccobacilli, needs blood agar with hemin (X) and NAD (V) or S. aureous -HiB vaccine->only B strain, conjugated with protien -respiratory droplets -meningitis in unvaccinated ( less than 3 years old) -2nd most common otitis media (behind Strept pneumo)- not on vaccine -pneumonia, bronchitis, conjunctivitis, epiglotidis |
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| Haemophilus ducreyi |
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| painful chanceroid, STD "do cry with ducreyi" (unlike syphilus-nonpainful chancre) |
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| Gardenella vaginalis |
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| -not STD, normal flora of vagina->bacterial vaginosis (BV) -BV-thing, greyish discharge, malodor -clue cell-epithelial cell covered in bacteria |
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| Pasteurella mutiocida |
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| -CAT/dog bite -rapid swelling->spreading-cellulitis and lymphadritis |
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| Eikenella corrodens |
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| -human bite (punch someone's mouth) -icansmella-smells like bleech -corrodens-corrodes agar -causes cellulitis |
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| Capnocytophaga canimorsus |
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| -dog bite wound-cellulitis |
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| Bortoniella henselae |
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| cat scratch fever->bacillary angiomatosis with AIDS |
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| Treponema pallidum |
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| Syphilis-no toxins or tissue destruction->disease from inflammation 1.painless chancre (-) on screen 2.bacteremia-systemic rash (starts on palms and soles)-condyloma latum-warts similar to HPV -organ systems, bone/joint pain, patchy hair loss->can go latent 3.6-4 years later -gumma-granulomas on skin,bone, CNS, liver -aortic aneurism->dissection -neruosyphilis- subacute meningitis, strokes in young (25) -congenital-TORCHES, high mortality rate-kids can be (+) tile 3 months -screen: veneral disease resarch lab (VDRL) or rapid plasma reagan (RPR)-->confirm:indirect immunoflourescent trepanal absorption (FTA-ABs) -penicillin-can cause Jarish-Herxheimer rxn->release of LPS |
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| Borrelia burgdorferi |
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| lyme disease -ixodes tick-white tipped dear/mouse-west coast -similar to syphylis (spirochete) -"bulls-eye"-spreading annular lesion (red on outside) -skin->CNS, hearts, and joints (migratory arthritis) -bell's palsy -chronic arthritis and encephalopathy |
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| Bacteroides fragilis |
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| -normal gut/colon anaerobe (foul smelling) -less pathogenic LPS, capsule -trauma/surgery->sepsis, peritinitis, abdominal abscess-prophylactics Abiotics w/ surgery |
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| Ehrlichia phagocytopilia |
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| obligate intracellular, gram (-) baccilli -tick (coinfection with lyme disease)->really high fever -similar to meningitis -diagnose with morullae "mulberry" intracellular with giemsa |
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| Borrelia recurrantis |
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| -relapsing fever |
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| Mycobacteria tuberculosis |
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| -slow growing, facultative intracellular, thin rods, acid fast, resistant to drying (killed by UV), obligate aerobe (apex of lung) -grows on lowestien benson -1/3 of AIDS patients->chronic cough, weight loss, granular destruction of lung tissue-caseus necrosis (cheese) -cord-factor and sulfatides (stop phagosome/lysosome fusion) -walled off an dormant in granulomas -BCG (baccilus calmette-guerin)vaccine->flase (+)on PPD -quantiferon TB gold dest (IFN gama)- no false (+) -damage done by type IV hypersensitivity (cell-mediated response to granulomas) -Miliary TB-spread seed granulomas all over body-blood/organs/LNs -Ghon focus in lung, Ghon complex in LNs -Pott's diease-cervical |
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| Mycobacterium avium-intracellular |
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| -MAI or mycoavium complex (MAC) -common in AIDS, attack when very low CD4 -chronic wasting illness-liver spleen, intestines, chronic diarrhea -requires multidrug treatment different than TB -Most common MOTM |
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| Mycobacterium leprae |
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| -Hansen's disease -obligate intracellular, armidillos -respirtatoy secretions and skin lesions -grow in cooler temp. (skin, nerves, eyes, testes -Tuberculoid Leprosy- strong CMI, TH1->damage done by immune response, granulomas, nerve damage, macular lesions -Lepromatous leprose-multiple nodule lesions, damage done by bacteria (TH2 response)- "lion like face" -Dapsone, refampin, clofazimine (with lepromotous leprosy) |
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| Leptospira interrogans |
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| -spirochete with hooks -water with animal urine- jet skier, sewer worker (Hawaii) -flu-like->GI (Weils disease->hepatitis) |
