Axial Skeleton and Basic Bone Info – Flashcards
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What does c. mean?
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circa (about or near)
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What cell assists in the building and formation of bones?
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Osteoblasts
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What cell assists in breaking down and cleaning bone?
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Osteoclasts
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What are the two different types of bone?
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Compact or Dense and Spongy or Cancellous
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What is the long hard section of a bone and What type of bone is it consisted of?
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Diaphysis, Compact or dense bone
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What are the proximal and distal ends of a bone and what type of bone are they consisted of?
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Epiphysis, Spongy or Cancellous bone
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What are the Functions of the skeletal system?
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Supports the Body Protects the Body Produces red blood cells Stores Calcium Provides attachment sites Stores Energy
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What are characteristics of the Epiphysis?
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Proximal and Distal ends of a bone Spongy or Cancellous bone Contains Red Marrow Produces Red Blood Cells
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What is Hemo or Hematopoiesis?
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The production of Red Blood Cells
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What are characteristics of the Diaphysis
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Main part of the bone (Shaft) Dense or Compact Bone Contains Yellow Marrow
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What is the Ephipyseal Plate/Line?
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A section of the bone that was once held together by cartilage and becomes the ephiphyseal line when a person stops growing.
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What are the Landmarks of the Diaphysis?
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Medulary Cavity - Inside of the bone where lipids are stored Periosteum - Silky fiber that covers entire bone except articular cartilage Articular Cartilage - Smooth cartilage that keeps joints moving
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What are the 5 Cranial Bones?
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Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid (Ethmoid can also be considered cranial bone)
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What are the landmarks of the Temporal Bone?
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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Mastoid Process - Just Behind Ear Styloid Process - Just Behind Ear in "groove" External Auditory Meatus - "Ear Hole"
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What are the landmarks of the Occipital Bone?
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Foramen Magnum - Hole in posterior inferior skull where spine comes into the brain stem Occipital Condyles - Posterior Occiput articulates to C1 External Occipital Protuberance - "bump" at the back of the head
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What are the landmarks of the Sphenoid Bone?
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Ptyergoid Process or Plate - Close to TMJ Teragoid Medialis attachment site
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What are the 4 sinus'?
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Frontal Sinus, Sphenoid Sinus, Ehtmoid Sinus, Maxillary Sinus
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What are the Facial Bones?
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Zygomatic- Cheek Bone Palatine - Roof of Mouth Maxilla - Upper Jaw Mandible - Lower Jaw Hyoid - Bone in throat Ehtmoid - Bone on each side of nose
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Landmark of Zygomatic Bone?
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Zygomatic Arch
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What are the landmarks of the Mandible?
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Mandibular Angle Mandibular Condyle (helps form TMJ)
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How many Spinal Curves are there?
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4
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What is the Spine Consisted of? (Sections and Number of vertebrae)
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7 Cervical Vertebrae (C-Spine) 12 Thorax Vertebrae (T-Spine) 5 Lumbar Vertebrae (L-Spine) 1 Sacrum (4 Give or Take Fused together) 1 Coccyx (about 4 fused together)
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What is the name for the first cervical Vertebrae?
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C-1 or Atlus
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What movement occurs at C-1
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Up and Down Movement
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Where does C-1 attach and what joint forms there?
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Attatches to Occipital Condyles forms the Occipital-Atlantal joint (OA Joint)
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What is the name for the second Cervical Vertebra?
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C-2 Or Axis
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What joint is made up at the articulation of C-1 and C-2?
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Axial Atlantal Joint (AA Joint)
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What movement does the AA joint provide?
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Rotation and Side to Side Movement
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What makes up the medial and lateral sacral crest?
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Middle Processes and a set of process on each side of the sacrum
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What is the Main section of a vertebra?
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Vertebral body
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What is the large hole in the center of a vertebra and what passes through it?
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Intervertebral or Neural Foramen the Spinal Cord passes through it
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What are the two small holes on each side of each vertebra and what passes through it?
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Intervertebral Foramen nerves branching off spinal cord run through them
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What provides attachment for the transverse processes?
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The Pedicle
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What is the smooth surface that provides attachment for the spinous process and what else does it provide?
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The Lamina it provides the Lamina Groove
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What are the slender protrusions on each lateral aspect of each vertebra?
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Transverse Processes
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What are the sharp slender protrusions of the posterior aspect of each vertebra?
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Spinous Process
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The transverse processes of the cervical spine each have this?
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An anterior and posterior tubercle
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When two vertebra come together they form what joint? What landmark provides this joint?
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Forms the "Z" Joint Vertebral Facet provides the joint
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What are two important landmarks of C-1?
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Atlantal Condyles Odontoid Process or Dens (Anterior Aspect)
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What additional joint can be found at the sacrum?
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Sacroiliac Joint (SI Joint)
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Where is C-7?
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Base of the cervical spine just before the large T-1. (can be palpated by flexing placing fingers at base of C-spine and extending, c-1 should disappear, if it doesn't you are on T-1!!)
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What is the cushion between each vertebra?
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Intervertebral Disk
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What makes up the inside of each intervertebral disk?
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Nucleus Pulposa or Pulposus
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What makes up the outside of each intervertebral disk?
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Annulus Fibrosa or Fibrosus
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What is the Notch at the superior aspect of the Sternum?
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Suprasternal or Jugular Notch
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What is the superior aspect of the Sternum?
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Manubrium
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What is the middle and main section of the Sternum?
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Body
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what is the sharp process at the end of the Sternum?
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Xiphoid Process
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How many Ribs are there?
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12
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How many true ribs are there?
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7
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How many false ribs are there?
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3
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How many floating ribs are there?
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2
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Describe a true rib.
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One of the first 7 ribs where each end of the ribs have full attachment at both the vertebra and sternum.
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Describe a false rib.
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Ribs 8-10 where each rib has its own posterior attachment but shares costal cartilage with another rib at the anterior attachment.
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Describe a floating Rib.
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Ribs 11 and 12 that only have a posterior attachment and no anterior attachment
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What is special about the Hyoid bone?
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It does not articulate with any other bone but is held with muscle and ligaments
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A posterior rib attachment spans how many vertebrae?
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2
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What forms at the first rib attachment site at the posterior aspect?
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Costotransverse Joint
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What is the first posterior attachment site for each rib?
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Transverse Process
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What is the second posterior attachment site for each rib?
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Intervertebral Disk
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What forms at the second rib posterior attachment site?
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Costovertebral Joint or Rib Facet
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What is the lateral joint of the clavicle?
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Acromioclavicular Joint
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What is the medial joint of the clavicle
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Sternoclavicular Joint
