Question 1

The role of graphic design and graphic communications expanded during the Industrial Revolution due to three of the following factors. Which does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

Signage was needed to guide residents through the streets of fast-growing cities.

Question 2

Robert Thorne of England created a major category of type designs around 1803 called ________ , roman faces whose contrast and weight were greatly increased by expanding the thickness of their heavy strokes.

Accepted Answer

fat faces

Question 3

Type letterforms without serifs were given the name sans-serifs by ________ in 1832.

Accepted Answer

Vincent Figgins

Question 4

The practical reason many wood-type posters included mixed styles of fonts was ________.

Accepted Answer

the limited number of characters in each font

Question 5

Ottmar Mergenthaler\'s Linotype machine of 1886 allowed the operator to compose an entire line of type by operating a keyboard that released ________ one at a time.

Accepted Answer

brass matrices

Question 6

The typestyle that conveys a bold, machine-like feeling through slablike rectangular serifs, an even weight throughout the letters, and short ascenders and descenders is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Egyptian typestyle

Question 7

___________ , the first person credited with producing a photographic image, was a lithographer by trade.

Accepted Answer

Joseph Niepce

Question 8

Louis Daguerre\'s early daguerreotype print, \"Paris Boulevard,\" shows an almost empty Paris street. The reason the street is empty is that Daguerre made the image ________.

Accepted Answer

with a long exposure time, and moving subjects were not recorded

Question 9

____________ made photogenic drawings with light sensitive paper called photograms. He also developed the negative and positive process, which he called calotype, after the Greek kalos typos meaning \"beautiful impression.\"

Accepted Answer

William Henry Fox Talbot

Question 10

Perhaps best known for portraiture that revealed the inner being of this artist\'s subjects, _________ , whose work has been hailed by scientists, writers, and artists as a major contribution to images expressing the human condition, used the collodion process of photography for artistic applications after receiving a camera as a birthday present.

Accepted Answer

Julia Margaret Cameron

Question 11

Eadweard Muybridge, who helped settle a bet on the positioning of a galloping horse\'s legs, conducted experiments that became the basis for ________.

Accepted Answer

motion pictures

Question 12

A ___________ , invented by Stephen H. Horgan, changes continuous tones into dots of varying sizes. Squares are formed by horizontal and vertical rules etched on pieces of glass. The amount of light that passes through each square determines how big each dot should be

Accepted Answer

halftone screen

Question 13

Three of the following advances in graphic design occurred during the Victorian era. Which does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

The first use of sans-serif typography as a running book text

Question 14

The English designer, author, and authority on color _____________ became a major design influence in the mid-nineteenth century. His main influence was through his widely studied 1856 book of large color plates, The Grammar of Ornament. This catalog of design possibilities from Eastern and Western cultures, \"savage\" tribes, and natural forms became the nineteenth-century designer\'s bible of ornament.

Accepted Answer

Owen Jones

Question 15

____________ is the process of printing color pictures and lettering from a series of stone or zinc printing plates. Each color requires a separate stone or plate and a separate run through the press.

Accepted Answer

Chromolithography

Question 16

The basic organizing principle of the wood-type poster was horizontal and vertical emphasis, which resulted from the need to lock all elements tightly on the press

Accepted Answer

True

Question 17

The typographic poster houses that produced letterpress posters began to decline after 1870, in part because of the increased use of colorful lithographic posters.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 18

During the Industrial Revolution, the unity that had existed between design and production ended, and specialization of the factory system fractured graphic communications into separate design and production components.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 19

Before early experiments with photography, the camera obscura was used by artists to capture images without the use of a drawing utensil.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 20

William Henry Fox Talbot\'s calotypes were sharp and clear, in contrast to daguerreotypes.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 21

In 1844, William Henry Fox Talbot began publishing The Pencil of Nature, which included twenty-four photographs in each issue.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 22

In 1888, George Eastman, an American dry-plate manufacturer, introduced the Minolta camera, which allowed ordinary citizens to create images and preserve a graphic record of their lives and experiences

Accepted Answer

False

Question 23

Matthew Brady is best known for his documentary photographs of the Civil War, such as \"Dunker Church and the Dead.\"

Accepted Answer

True

Question 24

Frederick Archer\'s wet-plate collodion process involved exposing and developing an image in the camera while it was still wet. Although it sped the photographic process, it was not accepted among photographers on a large scale

Accepted Answer

False

Question 25

In the four decades from 1860 to 1900, lithography was the dominant printing medium for advertising posters.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 26

Scrap refers to printer\'s proofs that lithographers discarded after the plates of colors had been approved for the final printing.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 27

Charles Dana Gibson, creator of the \"Gibson Girls\" featured in Scribner\'s magazine posters, was as meticulous in his selection of type as he was in his renderings of idealized beauty.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 28

During the nineteenth century, chromolithography was used for product packaging. The image was printed in reverse on thin paper, then transferred to tin while under great pressure. The paper backing was soaked off, leaving printed images on the tin plate.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 29

Victorian type and hand-drawn lettering was characterized by simplicity and had few embellishments.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 30

Lithography allows for more gestural lines in a print than intaglio or relief printing because lines are drawn directly on the stone plate.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 31

John Ruskin, an English social critic, pointed to the ______ as an example of the union of art and labor to which industrialized society should aspire.

Accepted Answer

Gothic cathedral

Question 32

Arthur Mackmurdo sought inspiration from Renaissance and ______ art for his designs. Some swirling organic forms, in fact, seem to be pure art nouveau because of these influences.

Accepted Answer

Japanese

Question 33

William Morris designed three typefaces for the Kelmscott Press. Two were based on incunabula typefaces, but ______ was based on Nicolas Jensen\'s Venetian roman faces.

Accepted Answer

Golden

Question 34

______ , a follower of Ruskin, established a workshop called the Guild of Handicraft, which was inspired by socialism and the arts and crafts ideals.

Accepted Answer

Charles R. Ashbee

Question 35

The long-range effect of William Morris\' body of work was ______ throughout the world.

Accepted Answer

a significant upgrade in book design

Question 36

Rudolf Koch, who designed the Neuland typeface, felt that the ______ was a supreme spiritual achievement of humanity.

Accepted Answer

alphabet

Question 37

Fonts designed by Frederic Goudy capture the feeling of ______ typography.

Accepted Answer

French and Venetian Renaissance

Question 38

The person to coin the term \"graphic designer\" was ______ , who used it in the 1920s.

Accepted Answer

William Addison Dwiggins

Question 39

Albert Bruce Rogers, inspired by ______ , applied the ideal of the beautifully designed book to commercial book production.

Accepted Answer

the Kelmscott Press\'s books

Question 40

Morris Benton carefully studied human perception and reading comprehension to develop ______ Schoolbook, a type designed for and widely used in textbooks

Accepted Answer

d. Century

Question 41

William Pickering\'s 1847 edition of Oliver Byrne\'s The Elements of Euclid, a geometry text, marked a break from tradition because ______________.

Accepted Answer

color was used to identify the lines and shapes in the diagrams

Question 42

This company established a typographic research library and produced revivals of past typeface designs such as Bodoni and Garamond.

Accepted Answer

American Type Founders Company

Question 43

Kelmscott Press\' Works of Geoffrey Chaucer included all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

the use of seven different colors of ink

Question 44

The private press movement, which included Kelmscott, Doves, and Essex House Presses, was most concerned with _______________.

Accepted Answer

regaining high standards of design, materials, and workmanship

Question 45

In 1912, Type Foundry Amsterdam issued __________ by Sjoerd H. De Roos, the first typeface design and produced in the Netherlands for over a century.

Accepted Answer

Hollandsche Mediaeval

Question 46

According to John Ruskin, art and society separated after the Renaissance. Industrialization and technology brought the separation to a critical stage.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 47

Ruskin, along with other artists, believed that beautiful things were valuable simply because they were beautiful.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 48

William Morris, whose own family had been poor, sought quality goods for all.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 49

Arthur Mackmurdo was early to advocate the hand production of books by means of amateur or hobby presses.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 50

In a Hobby Horse article, Selwyn Image defined art as painting and crafts as applied arts such as printing

Accepted Answer

False

Question 51

The first book to be printed by William Morris\'s Kelmscott Press was the 556-page The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 52

Ironically, while William Morris was returning to printing methods of the incunabula, he used modular, interchangeable, and repeatable elements; he applied industrial production methods to the printed page.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 53

William Morris strongly supported the Guild of Handicraft, Charles Ashbee\'s program to unify the teaching of design with workshop experience.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 54

The Doves Press Bible is best known for its exquisite line illustrations and decorative elements

Accepted Answer

False

Question 55

Elbert Hubbard\'s Roycrofters\' arts and crafts center in New York brought relatively higher quality products to ordinary people who otherwise could not likely have afforded them.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 56

Those involved in the Dutch book design movement at the turn of the twentieth century viewed the Industrial Revolution as a blessing and soon adopted fully automated methods of printing.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 57

William Addison Dwiggins established a house style for the Knopf publishing company and design hundreds of volumes for them.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 58

Morris B. Benton designed over two hundred typefaces during his time at the American Type Founders Company.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 59

Lucien and Esther Pisarro\'s Eragny Press was best known for its purely typographic books with no illustrations or decorations

Accepted Answer

False

Question 60

The art of calligraphy was greatly influenced by the research and teachings of Edward Johnston, who gave up his medical studies for the life of a scribe.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 61

At the end of the nineteenth century, architects and fashion, graphic, and product designers moved away from the floral curvilinear elements of art nouveau and toward a more _________ style of composition.

Accepted Answer

geometric

Question 62

The Glasgow School refers to ________ in Scotland.

Accepted Answer

four artists working in a similar style

Question 63

Charles Rennie Mackintosh created graphic designs characterized by three of the following. Which does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

geometric complexity

Question 64

The German artist, architect, and designer ____________ sought typographic reform and was an early advocate of sans-serif typography. He was the first to use sans-serif type as running book text.

Accepted Answer

Peter Behrens

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