AUC: Ocular Infections – Flashcards
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Unlock answershealth care worker swollen eyelid coagulase positive
CD? Name? Dx? Tx? |
stye staphylococcus aureus beta hemolytic warm compress
Risk? Symptom? Dx?
|
gram positive "grape-like clusters" stye
Reservoir? VFs? Name?
|
external skin folds Leukocidin Coagulase Hyaluronidase Fibrinolysin Staphylococcus aureus
IA? IA? CD? |
stye positive mannitol fermentor
Name? Dx? Dx? |
staphylococcus aureus catalase + Beta-hemolytic
CD? Dx? |
gram + non-spore forming pleomorphic
Anyone
Name? CD? Dx? |
Propionibacterium acnes stye enriched media - cysteine
IA? IA? IA? Risk? |
gram + pleomorphic rod
pro-inflammatory mediators lipases, neuraminades, proteases
Name? Transmission? Tx, Tx, Tx, Tx? |
Propionibacterium acnes overgrowth Benzoyl peroxide, tetracyclines, clindamycin, macrolides
IA? IA? VFs?
|
Pink-eye with discharge gram negative rod
Name? Dx? |
Haemophilus influenzae specific growth req. for Chocolate Blood Agar
Symptom? IA? |
IgA protease Pili PRP capsule
CD? Name? |
Purulent conjunctivitis Haemophilus influenzae
VFs? |
Gram negative Rod Encapsulated or w/out capsule Requires hemin (X factor) + NAD (V factor)
Transmission? Tx? Tx?
|
Direct contact to mucous membranes Purulent conjunctivitis Sulfonamide + Trimethoprim (SXT) or Augmentin
IA? Dx?
|
aegyptius dilation and congestion of blood vessels in conjunctiva
Name? Dx? |
Haemophilus influenzae Chocolate Blood Agar
Subtype? Symptoms?
|
Gram positive Encapsulated Lancet-shaped paired cocci
Name? Transmission? |
Streptococcus pneumoniae Respiratory droplet
IA? |
Capsule Iga proteases Pneumolysin
Penicillin
Name? Dx?
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae Neufeld/Quellung reaction Bile solubility Optochin susceptibility Alpha-hemolysis No Lancefield grouping
VFs? Tx? |
No Lancefield specific carbohydrate Capsule Polyvalent capsular vaccine PCV7 conjugate vaccine
Name? CD? |
Streptococcus pneumoniae Purulent conjunctivitis
IA? Capsule? Vaccine(s)? |
Streptococcus pneumoniae Purulent conjunctivitis
Lancefield grouping? Hemoloysis? Risk factors? |
NO group specific carbohydrate Alpha hemolysis Children
Name? CD? |
Neisseria gonorrhea
IAs? |
Gram negative diplo-coccus facultative intracellular oxidase positive catalase positive
Name? |
No capsule Membrane with LOS Pili Iga protease
Name? Dx tests? |
Neisseria gonorrhea NYC/ Thayer-Martin Glucose-utilization
VFs? |
Ophthalmia neonatorum Gram negative
Name? Transmission? Risk factors? |
Neisseria gonorrhea Neonatal transmission Neonates
CD? IA? |
Neonatal purulent conjunctivitis Neisseria gonorrhea
Dx? Vaccine? Tx? |
Thayer Martin/ NYC Glucose only utilization NO VACCINE Eyedrops containing antibiotics
CD? Name? |
Selective media Facultative intracellular Gram negative Adult purulent conjunctivitis
Name? Reservoir? Transmission? |
Neisseria gonorrhea Humans Autoinnoculation after GU infection
Dx? IA? CD?
|
Adenovirus Humans IA? CD? |
ds DNA virus non-enveloped Nonpurulent conjunctivitis
Name? Reservoir? |
By aerosol, direct contact, fomites, poorly chlorinated pools; some people have it as normal flora Formation of papillae Humans
Name? CD? |
Adenovirus Nonpurulent conjunctivitis
Transmission? What happens to conjunctiva? Reservoir? |
Very wet eyelashes Formation of papillae Infects anyone
Name? Dx? Tx? |
Adenovirus Detection of Ag is diagnostic tool No treatment available
Symptoms? Risk factors?
|
Chlamydia trachomatis Serovars A-C and D-K
IA? |
Obligate intracellular E and R bodies
Name? Anything specific about it?
|
Conjunctivitis progressing to Keratitis and if chronic--> Ocular Trachoma Clinical presentation plus DFA Grown on McCoy/HeLa cells |
Chlamydia trachomatis Flies and fomites
CD? Another name for inclusion conjunctivitis? Dx? Cell culture? |
Chlamydia trachomatis Doxycycline, Erythromycin
Stages of CD? Topical treatment? |
Trichiasis --> Scarring --> Corneal Opacity Topical treatment not effective b/c of extraocular sites of colonization
Name? Antibiotics? |
Reticulate bodies in cells Follicular conjunctivitis with inflammatory infiltrate
Name? Transmission? |
Chlamydia trachomatis Repiratory or fecal oral may occur in endemic areas
What do infected cells look like? Symptoms? |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
IA? |
Gram negative bacilli Oxidase positive
Name? |
Keratitis/ Keratoconjunctivitis --> Endopthalmitis Pyocyanin & Pyochelin Pigments
Name? Dx? |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Natural fluoresence under UV light Lactose non-fermentor
CD of eyes? Proinflammatory VFs? |
Natural fluorescence under UV light Oxidase positive Lactose non-fermentor Keratitis/ Keratoconjunctivitis
Name? VFs? |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyocyanin & Pyochelin Exotoxin A Phospholipid C/ Rhamnolipid
Ocular: Dx? CD? |
Rapidly progressive ocular infection - w/in 12-48 hours after trauma
Oxidase positive Occurs in patients with underlying chronic disease
Name? Structural features? |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Capsule, biogilm, efflux pumps
Symptom? Dx? Risk factors? |
Heavy mucopurulent discharge Stromal suppuration, corneal edema, anterior chamber hypopyon Natural fluorescence
Name? Tx? Transmission? |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Combination of topical antibiotics Water aerosols, DC with wounds
Ocular symptoms? Dx? |
Bacillus cereus
IA? CD? |
Gram positive Spore forming rod Aerobic Keratitis
Name? |
Cereolysin Phospolopase C Necrotic Toxin
Name? Transmission? |
Bacillus cereus Eye trauma, contact lens solutions, IDUs
VFs? |
Bacillus cereus Chromogenic Bacillus cereus agar Presence of spores
CD? Symptoms?
|
Keratitis Rapidly progressive - w/in 12-48 hours after traume Loss of sight w/in 48 hours!
Name? Dx? |
Bacillus cereus Loss of sight may occur! In soil, water, airborne dust
IA? Dx? Antibiotics? |
Gram positive, spore forming rod, aerobic Special agar and Beta-hemolytic Clindamycin or Gentamicin or combo of both
Name? Worst part about it? Reservoir? |
Bacillus cereus Keratitis maybe even blindness! Presence of spores
Transmission? VFs? |
Direct contact or contaminated blood (hematogenous) Cereolysin, Phospholipase C, Necrotic Toxin
Name? CD? Dx? |
Aspergillus spp.
IA? CD? |
Monomorphic fungus with septate hyphae Fungal Keratitis
Name? |
Traumatic implantation of spores Central corneal ulcer Keratic precipitates around the ulcer Slit lamp photography Produces PHOSPHOLIPASE
Name? |
Aspergillus spp.
Transmission? CD? IA? |
Aspergillus spp. Treated with topical antifungal drops
Dx? Risk groups?
|
Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) without cycloheximide Confocal microscopy Due to trauma, corticosteroid use, immunosuppression, surgery, chronic keratitis, contact lens use
Name? Tx? |
Fusarium spp.
IA? Transmission? |
Monomorphic mold Slender septate hyphae Traumatic implantation
Name?
|
Fungal Keratitis Central corneal ulcer, corneal infiltrate and keratic precipitates --> scarring
Organisms responsible? Dx? |
Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. Confocal microscopy Sabouraud dextrose agar
CD? Symptoms? |
Monomorphic mold with slender septate hyphae Fruiting bodies are cylindrical structures with a small collarette
Name? Specific Dx? |
Fusarium spp. Gram and Giensa stains KOH wet mounts to identify fungal elements
IA? |
Acanthamoeba castellani IA? CD? |
Amoebe - protozoan Keratitis
Name? |
Common in nature, drought conditions leads to increased numbers of amoeba in bodies of water Keratitis
Name? |
Acanthamoeba castellani
Reservoir? CD? |
Acanthamoeba castellani Microscopy, biopsy Treatment infeffective
CD? Symptoms? Why is it special? |
Keratitis Ring infiltrates, late stage opacity Progresses VERY SLOWLY 11 days to 15 months! Periods of remission...
Name? Dx? Tx?
|
Acanthamoeba castellani Trophozoites
Risk?
|
Contact lens wearers Corneal abrasions Contaminated water
Name? Metabolically active stage?
|
Loa Loa
IA? |
Filarial nematode
Name? |
Loa Loa Loaiasis - Keratitis African Eye Worm Disease
Transmission? Symptoms? Vision? |
Deer fly or mango fly (Chrysops) Infection of cornea --> keratitis Painful swellings NO LOSS OF VISION
Name? CD? Common name?
|
Loa Loa Painful swellings as larvae migrate Monkeys; humans - RAIN FORESTS
Dx? Tx? |
Clinical presentation, microfilaria in blood smear Eosinophilia Antiparasitic drugs Surgical removal from eye
Name? Calabar ____ = ? Reservoir? |
Loa Loa Calabar swellings due to larvae Eosinophilia
Risk? CD? |
Going to equatorial rainforests of Africa Loaiasis-Keratitis
Name? Specific symptom? Dx? |
Herpes Simplex Viruses
IA? Treatment? |
ds linear DNA Enveloped Acyclovir
Name? |
Dendritic keratitis Found in man Tzanck smear, Impression cytology
Name? Symptoms? |
Herpes Simplex Viruses Corneal bullae which merge to form a dendritic pattern Progresses to a DENDRITIC ULCER
CD? Reservoir? Dx?
|
Herpes Simplex Viruses Antiviral eyedrops (Acyclovir) Neonates, children, sexually active ppl, health care workers, immunocompromised
Transmission? CD? |
Contact with skin or mucosa, STD Transplacental/ Neonatal Dendritic Keratitis
Name? Tx? Risk?
|
Corneal bullae that coalesce into dendritic pattern Dendritic ulcer development Health care workers
Name? Diagnosis? |
Herpes Simplex Viruses Tzanck smear, ELISA, PCR, Impression cytology
Symptoms? Most at risk? |
Onchocerca volvulus Demonstration of organism in skin snips
IA? Transmission? |
Filarial nematode Black flies (Simulium)
Name? Dx? |
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Black flies (Simulium) Black fly/ Human lifecycle
Name? Ocular symptoms? |
Onchocerca volvulus Inflammatory reaction to Ags released by microfilaria
Punctate keratitis leading to sclerosing keratitis Eventually cornea becomes opaque --> BLINDNESS
CD? Transmission? Reservoir?
|
Onchocerca volvulus Filarial nematode Black flies (Simulium)
Risk? Skin symptoms?
|
Working outdoors in certain parts of Africa Itching, swelling, inflammation Skin atrophy - lizard skin Depigmentation - leopard skin
Name? IA? Transmission?
|
Lizard skin and Leopard skin Demonstration of skin snips from skin swellings
Name? CD? Tx? |
Onchocerca volvulus Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Surgical removal of nodes; anti-parasitic drugs
Skin symptoms? Dx? |
Microfilaria on surface of cornea Punctate keratitis --> sclerosing keratitis Blindness
Name? IA? |
Onchocerca volvulus Filarial nematode
Ocular symptoms? |
Gram positive Pleomorphic rod Keratitis w/ ulcer formation
Name? Dx? |
Propionibacterium acnes Enriched media - cystine
IA? Corneal CD? |
Propionibacterium acnes Lipases, neuraminidases, phosphatases, proteases Overgrowth
Corneal CD? Following cataract surgery? |
Keratitis w/ ulcer formation Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery
Name? VFs? |
Styes Keratitis w/ ulcer formation Endophthalmitis
Name? IA? |
Propionibacterium acnes Gram positive Non spore forming Pleomorphic rod
ALL CDs caused? |
Candida Albicans Normal body flora skin, mouth, vagina, GI
IA? Treatment? |
Yeast fungus Produces pseudohyphae Imidazoles Amphotericin B for systemic disease
Name? Reservoir?
|
Endophthalmitis
Symptoms? Causative agents? |
Inflammation of ocular cavity and nearby structures Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacillus cereus Candida albicans Staphlococcus (only in post operative infections) Propionibacterium acnes (following cataract surgeries)
CD? |
View of posterior chamber/ vitreous humour shows fluffy ball or "cotton candy" appearance Sabouraud Destrose Agar Hematogenous transmission
Name? CD? Tx? |
Candida Albicans Endophthalmitis Imidazoles; Amphotericin B for systemic disease
Dx? Transmission? |
Candida Albicans Those with Candidemia who get eye surgery, IDUs
IA? Reservoir?
|
Yeast fungus, produces pseudohyphae Normal body flora in skin, mouth, vagina, intestines
Name? Risk factors? |
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Man, 80% are carriers
IAs? CD? |
ds DNA Enveloped Latency in mononuclear cells Retinitis/ Chorioretinitis
Name? Reservoir? |
A reactivation in immunocompromised Most common post transplant infection 30% of AIDS patients Treated with Foscarnet and gancyclovir
Name? CD? |
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Acute retinal necrosis begins peripherally and extends centrally Internal yellow-white retinal exudates Retinal detachment
Clinical expression? Tx?
|
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Retinitis/ Chorioretinitis Owl's eye appearance ; Symptoms? Dx? |
Painless loss of vision Risk of retinal detachment DFA, in situ hybridization Serological profile ; Name? CD?;Microscopy? ; |
Toxoplasma gondii; Primarily felines, humans and other warm-blooded animals ; IA? Transmission? |
Sporozoan parasite Intracellular Eating oocysts, handling cat feces, or undercooked meat ; Name? Reservoir? |
Retinitis/ Chorioretinitis Granulomatous response Acute retinal granuloma ; Name? Dx? |
;
; Toxoplasma gondii; Cat scan shows RING ENHANCING LESIONS ; CD? Problems caused? ; ; ; |
; ; Toxoplasma gondii; At risk are pregnant women and fetuses ; Transmission? Problems caused? Prevention? ; ; |
Transplacental transmision from infected mother to fetus Acute retinal granuloma (DISTINCT to this one) Toxoplasmosis infection of everything in a neonate or immunocompromised Avoid cat poop during pregnancy or immunocompromised ; Name? Risk? ; |
Sporozoan parasite intracellular Found in cat feces ; Name? Dx? |
; Toxoplasma gondii; Ring enhancing lesions! ; IA? Where can it be found the most? ; |
