Astronomy 1040 UVU Dr Powell Exam 2 – Flashcards
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Order the colors of visible light from shortest frequency to highest frequency.
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Red, orange, yellow, green, blue. violet.
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Order the parts of the EM spectrum from shortest wavelength to longest wavelength.
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Gamma, x-ray, ultraviolet, infrared, microwave.
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Which kinds of EM radiation are not typically harmful?
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Longer wavelength (radiowave, microwave)
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What would a low amplitude, long wavelength visible light look like?
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Red and dim.
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What color would a true-color x-ray image be?
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Black
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An apple looks red because it absorbs ____ and scatters ____.
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Blues and greens, red.
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Who came up with 4 equations on EM?
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Maxwell
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Who discovered IR light?
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Herschel
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Who discovered radio waves?
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Hertz
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Who discovered xrays?
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Roentgen
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Who was the first to measure c?
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Roemer
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Who modeled blackbody curve as due to particles?
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Planck
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Who showed that light was a wave?
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Young
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Who showed that white light was made of colors?
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Newton
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Are electrons composed of quarks?
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No
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How many protons and neutrons does He-3 have?
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2 protons, 1 neutron.
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Give two examples of isotopes of carbon. Give two examples of ions of carbon.
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Carbon 12 and Carbon 13. C-1 and C+2.
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Compared with red light, blue light has a ____ energy per photon, a ____ frequency, and a ____ wavelength.
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Higher; higher; shorter.
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Order the four phases of matter by increasing temperature.
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Solid, liquid, gas, plasma.
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If an electron drops from level ____ to level ____, then it will emit a photon of 2.6 eV. (Hint: first 3 energy levels above the ground state are 2: 10.2 eV, 3: 12.1 eV, and 4: 12.8 eV.)
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4; 2.
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Describe two ways in which the thermal radiation spectrum of an 8000 K star would differ from that of a 4000 K star.
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It's hotter, it's brighter, it's bluer.
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Which radiation law indicates that the hotter the bluer? Which radiation law indicates that the hotter the brighter?
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Wien's law; Stefan's law
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If unloving hydrogen emits a UV line if 121.6 nm but from a particular star it's 120.5 nm then the line is ____.
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Blue shifted.
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The principle optical piece of a reflecting telescope is a ____. From a refractor it's a ____.
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Mirror; lens.
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The biggest telescopes are ____.
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Reflectors.
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Galileo's telescope was a ____. Newton's was a ____.
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Refractor; reflector.
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Which kind of aberration do refractors/reflectors suffer?
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Cromatic/Spherical.
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Where's the best location on Earth for optical telescopes?
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Hawaii
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In order to get the best resolution, where in the Solar System should a radio telescope be put?
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Pluto
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Wiring telescopes together improves ____ the most.
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Resolution.
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List the 4 Terrestrial planets and 4 Jovian planets.
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
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The Jovian planets are ____ massive and ____ dense than the Terrestrial planets.
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More; less.
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Which planets in the solar system has rings?
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All 4 giant planets.
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What are the two largest planets in the solar system?
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Jupiter and Saturn.
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Which planets would you expect to have the largest moon and the most moons?
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Jupiter because it is close to the asteroid belt.
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Before Mars was observed to have two small moons, but it was known that Jupiter had four moons, a fictional writer Swift gave Mars two small moons. Is that remarkable or no? Why?
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No. Just intelligent guessing.
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What's the only moon with a thick atmosphere?
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Titan
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Which giant planet is not represented in the list of having a moon bigger than Pluto?
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Uranus.
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Where are most of the rocky asteroids located?
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Asteroid belt.
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Where are most the icy comets located?
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The Oort cloud.
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What caused the solar nebula to collapse?
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Gravity
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What caused the solar nebula to spin faster as it collapsed?
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Conservation of angular momentum.
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What caused the solar nebula to get hotter as it collapsed?
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Conservation of energy.
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What common state is "Fe" in?
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Metal
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What common state is "H" in?
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Gas
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What common state is "NH_3" in?
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Ice
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What common state is "Silicate" in?
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Rock
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Order the following chemicals from most refractory to least or equivalently from least volatile to most: H, NH_3, silicate, Fe.
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Fe, silicate, NH_3, H.
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What explains odd features of the solar system such as Venus' retrograde spin, Uranus tipped on its side, Earth's extra large Moon, and so on?
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Got hit by something.
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Why is earth thought to be over 4.5 billion years old when the oldest rocks are only 4 billion years old?
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Meteorites.
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Why is the sun thought to be the same age as Earth?
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Because nebular model.
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How much of the radioactive sample remains after 3 half lives?
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1/8
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Why don't geologists use carbon-14 to date dinosaur bones?
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Half life is too short.
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What was wrong with the Time Cop's explanation of carbon-14 dating of gold bullion being Civil War Era?
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You cannot carbon date gold because there is no carbon in gold.
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Which got hit more - the earth or the moon?
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The Earth.
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In terms of cratering density, Mercury is most, then Mars, Venus, and Earth. Order these from youngest to oldest surface. Which Terrestrial planet got hit the most?
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Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury. Mercury.
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The northern hemisphere of Mars has less cratering than the southern hemisphere, so which half of Mars has the older surface? Which half got hit more?
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Southern; got hit the same.
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What are 3 energy sources driving the dynamic Earth?
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Solar radiation, lunar haal effect, internal energy.
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Heat transfer of: bucket line from river to Granny's house
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Conduction
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Heat transfer of: each helper carries their own bucket
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Convention
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Heat transfer of: hose pumped at the river
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Radiation
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How does most of the heat from a campfire reach you?
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Radiation
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What are 4 geologic processes shaping the surface?
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Volcanism, impact crating, tectonic plates, erosion.
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About how many times wider and deeper is the crater than the impactor?
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10 times wider, 2 times deeper.
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Why is there so little erosion on other terrestrial planets?
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Lack of water
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What are the 3 kinds of rocks?
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Metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous.
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Who first proposed continental drift?
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Wegener.
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Why wasn't continental first accepted more quickly by geologists?
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Because Wegener wasn't a geologist.
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What is a geographical example of a zone of convergence on Earth?
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Himalayas
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What is a geographical example of a zone of divergence on Earth?
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Mid Atlantics.
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What is a geographical example of a transform fault on Earth?
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San Andres.
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What is a geographical example of a hot spot on Earth?
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Hawaii
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The Earth's continental crust is mostly made of what kind or rock?
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Metamorphic (remidic)
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The Earth's oceanic crust is mostly made of what kind of rock?
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Igneous (basalt)
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What was the original atmosphere of Earth?
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Water, ammonia, methane.
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Was is the secondary atmosphere (from outgassing) of Earth?
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Water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.
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Where did the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere come from?
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Plants
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Noting that Venus has 100X Earth's atmosphere, which has more atmospheric nitrogen - Earth or Venus?
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Venus
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Noting that Venus has 100X Earth's atmosphere, which has more atmospheric water - Earth or Venus?
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Earth
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Firing a long range artillery shells south towards the equator which way should you point? (Hint: your target is moving faster eastward than you are)
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East
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Which kind of interior seismic wave (S or P) DOES propagate through fluids and is faster?
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P waves
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Why do surface seismic waves cause the most property damage?
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We live on the surface.
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Why does Earth's air temp gradient have an extra zig zag?
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O-zone
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What's the expected consequence of the loss of the ozone layer?
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More rays
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What's the expected consequence of increased greenhouse effect gases?
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Warmer temps
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How many large convention cells does Venus have in each hemisphere?
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One
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How many large convention cells does Earth have in each hemisphere?
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Three
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Since Jupiter spins faster than Earth, would you expect more or less convention cells than Earth?
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More
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The Moon is unique in that _____.
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it orbits near its planet's orbital plane.
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Would you expect there to be about as much maria on the farside of the Moon as the nearside? Why isn't there?
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Yes; more craters
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Just prior to the Apollo missions, which was thought to be older: lunar maria or terrae? Based on what?
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Terrae; based on more craters.
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Which is probably older: a young maria basalt or an old oceanic basalt?
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A young maria basalt
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Which would you expect to have taller mountains? Earth or the Moon?
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Moon
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Which has the larger range (deepest to highest) Earth or the Moon? For the Moon, it's 18 km. Mt. Everest is almost 9 km above sea level and Marianas Trench is 11 km deep.
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Earth
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How do planetary geologists explain the gradual drop off in cratering rates from 4.5 billion years ago to the present?
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Run out of stuff. Less stuff to hit.
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How do they explain the intermediate peak at about 3.9 billion years ago?
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Jupiter or Saturn changing orbit.
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How was the concern about landing on the regolith resolved?
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Sent robots.
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How much more should tidal effects have been on the Moon when it was twice as close? (Hint: tidal effects fall off with d^3).
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8 (2^3)
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What's the magnetic evidence that the Moon had a liquid interior billions of years ago but doesn't now?
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Moon rocks show it had a magnetic field before.
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Order the four terrestrial planets from most to least by surface age.
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Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth
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Order the four terrestrial planets from most to least by atmospheric density.
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Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury.
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Order the four terrestrial planets from most to least by length of their day.
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Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth
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Why does Mercury have such a large iron core and a correspondingly small mantle?
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Got hit by something
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How many Mercurian days in 1 Mercurian year?
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1/2
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How many Venusian days in 1 Venusian year?
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2
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Which planet has Caloris basin?
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Mercury
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Which planet has Olympus Mons?
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Mars
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Which planet has Valles Mariners?
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Mars
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Which planet has Aine Corona?
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Venus
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Which planet has Hellas Planitia?
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Mars
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Which planet has Canals?
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Earth
