question

Granulation is caused by

answer

rising gas below the photosphere.

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Differential rotation of the sun

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implies that the equatorial regions of the sun rotate more rapidly than the polar regions.

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Most of the light we see coming from the sun originates in the

answer

photosphere.

question

The ____________________ coincides with the period known as the "little ice age" of Europe and North America. This provides one piece of evidence that suggests a link between solar activity and the amount of solar energy Earth receives.

answer

Maunder minimum

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The strong force is the force that

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binds protons and neutrons together to form a nucleus.

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Much of the solar wind comes from _________________ where the magnetic field does not loop back

answer

coronal holes

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The proton-proton chain

answer

produces energy in the core of the sun in the form of gamma-rays, positrons, and neutrinos.

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_______________ about 130 km above Earth's surface when energy in the solar wind guided by Earths magnetic field excites gases in the upper atmosphere.

answer

Auroras occur

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Helioseismology shows that deeper layers of gas in the sun rotate at different speeds. When different parts of an object rotate at different rates it is called

answer

differential rotation.

question

The sun creates its energy by the process of

answer

nuclear fusion.

question

Astronomers can use ________________ to measure magnetic fields on the sun.

answer

the Zeeman effect

question

The ________________ occurs when a rapidly rotating conductor is stirred by convection to produce a magnetic field.

answer

dynamo effect

question

A filtergram is a photograph of the sun's surface made

answer

with only those photons emitted in a specific spectral line.

question

The corona and chromosphere of the sun are believed to be heated by

answer

high energy particles being accelerated by the sun's magnetic field.

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The chromosphere of the sun

answer

is hotter than the photosphere.

question

Sunspots are known to be magnetic phenomena because

answer

the Zeeman effect is observed in sunspots.

question

The sunspot cycle affects

answer

The latitude at which sunspots are visible at a given time, the number of sunspots that are visible at a given time, the magnetic polarity of the sunspots at a given time.

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The sun's magnetic field is evident in the looped shapes of

answer

prominences.

question

Sunspots are dark because

answer

the strong magnetic field inhibits the currents of hot gas rising from below.

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The centers of granules

answer

are hot material rising to the photosphere from below.

question

Coronal holes

answer

are visible in filtergrams of the solar chromosphere.

question

The proton-proton chain

answer

produces energy in the core of the sun in the form of gamma-rays, positrons, and neutrinos.

question

_______________ about 130 km above Earth's surface when energy in the solar wind guided by Earths magnetic field excites gases in the upper atmosphere.

answer

Auroras occur

question

The sun creates its energy by the process of

answer

nuclear fusion

question

Astronomers can use ________________ to measure magnetic fields on the sun.

answer

the Zeeman effect

question

The ________________ occurs when a rapidly rotating conductor is stirred by convection to produce a magnetic field.

answer

dynamo effect

question

A filtergram is a photograph of the sun's surface made

answer

high energy particles being accelerated by the sun's magnetic field.

question

The chromosphere of the sun

answer

is hotter than the photosphere.

question

Sunspots are known to be magnetic phenomena because

answer

the Zeeman effect is observed in sunspots.

question

The sun's magnetic field is evident in the looped shapes of

answer

prominences.

question

Sunspots are dark because

answer

he strong magnetic field inhibits the currents of hot gas rising from below.

question

The centers of granules

answer

are hot material rising to the photosphere from below.

question

Spicules

answer

are visible in filtergrams of the solar chromosphere.

question

Which of the following is evidence that convection occurs in the layers just below the sun's photosphere?

answer

The centers of granules are hot and moving away from the center of the sun.

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The diagram at the right shows a plot of the temperature of the sun as a function of distance above the bottom of the photosphere. At what distance above the bottom of the photosphere does the temperature of the sun change the most rapidly with distance?

answer

2,300 km

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A recent sunspot maximum occurred in 2001, what is the year of the sunspot maximum that immediately follows the 2001 maximum if the solar cycle continues?

answer

2012

question

. As the moon covers the solar disk during a solar eclipse, a flash spectrum of the sun's chromosphere can be recorded. This flash spectrum reveals an emission spectrum and provides information on the properties of the chromosphere. As the moon moves from the inner chromosphere to the outer chromosphere, the spectral lines present in the flash spectrum change. What is going on in the chromosphere that produces the changes in the flash spectrum?

answer

The temperature of the chromosphere increases as the distance from the photosphere increases. The density of the chromosphere decreases as the distance from the photosphere increases.

question

A recent sunspot maximum occurred in 2001, what is the year of the sunspot maximum that immediately follows the 2001 maximum if the solar cycle continues?

answer

2012

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____________ is (are) produced by atomic transitions in the presence of a strong magnetic field.

answer

The Zeeman effect

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A ___________ is believed to occur when energy, stored in a twist in the solar magnetic field above a sunspot, is suddenly released.

answer

Solar flare

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Sunspots

answer

are cooler than their surroundings.

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The _______ is (are) the hot gases that are the moving extension of the sun's corona.

answer

solar wind.

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The corona of the sun can be observed

answer

with a coronagraph.

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The proton-proton chain needs high temperature because

answer

the protons must overcome the Coulomb barrier.

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Which of the following is suggested as the best explanation of the missing solar neutrinos?

answer

Neutrinos may oscillate between three different flavors.

question

In the proton-proton chain

answer

energy is produced in the form of gamma rays and the velocity of the created nuclei.

question

The United States consumes 2.5×1019 J of energy each year. A typical solar flare releases 5.0×1024 J of energy. How many years could we run the United States on the energy released by this solar flare if all of the released energy could be used?

answer

200,000 years

question

If a sunspot has a temperature of 4,500 K and the surrounding solar surface has a temperature of 5,800 K, how many times brighter is the surface compared to the sunspot?

answer

2.8

question

The intensity of a sunspot is found to be 3 times smaller than the intensity emitted by the solar surface. What is the approximate temperature of this sunspot if the temperature of the solar surface is 5800 K?

answer

4400 K

question

40. If the spectrum of a sunspot shows that it has a maximum intensity at 650 nm, what is the temperature of the sunspot?

answer

4600 K

question

Most of the light we see coming from the sun originates in the ______________.

answer

photosphere

question

The ____________ of the sun is composed of ionized gas and produces a continuous spectrum with a superimposed emission spectrum.

answer

corona

question

The _________ shows that sunspots are associated with magnetic activity.

answer

Zeeman effect

question

The study of the oscillations of the surface and interior of the sun is known as ___________.

answer

helioseismology

question

The dynamo effect is believed to produce the _______________ of the sun.

answer

Magnetic field

question

A(n) ___________ is a subatomic particle produced in nuclear fusion that can travel through the sun and escape to space without interacting with any particles in the sun.

answer

Neutrino

question

Most of the visible light from the sun originates in the photosphere.

answer

True

question

In the sun, rising currents of hot gas below the photosphere cause granulation.

answer

True

question

Helioseismology is the study of the differential rotation and magnetic field of the sun.

answer

False

question

A filtergram is used to study layers below the photosphere.

answer

False

question

The chromosphere of the sun has a higher temperature than the photosphere.

answer

True

question

The Zeeman effect shows that sunspots contain magnetic fields.

answer

True

question

Sunspots are hotter than the photosphere.

answer

False

question

The Babcock model employs differential rotation of the solar surface and a magnetic dynamo to describe the formation of sunspots.

answer

True

question

Solar flares have no known effect on Earth.

answer

False

question

Solar prominences have twisted and looped shapes because of the solar magnetic field.

answer

True

question

The solar neutrino experiments detect about twice as many neutrinos as theory predicts should be detected.

answer

False

Astrology Chapter 7 – Flashcards

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