question

The cosmological model that incorporates all of the available data from different measurement techniques, like the CMB, supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, etc. is called the _____________ model.

answer

Concordance

question

someday out sun will explode in a supernova

answer

false

question

four characteristics of electromagnetic waves are

answer

amplitude, frequency, wavelength, speed

question

as you move closer to an object

answer

iTS Angular size gets bigger

question

the reason a good place for telescope is above earth atmosphere is bc theyre closer to the stars

answer

false

question

in order to get cutting edge scientific results, one of the best place for an optical telescope is

answer

a very dark one

question

In a Universe with ? > 1, without the presence of dark energy, the expansion of the Universe would

answer

reverse and then collapse

question

Which of the following are possible explanations for the dimming of Type Ia supernovae?

answer

the universe is expanding faster with time

question

The presence of dark energy affects to the way the Universe is expanding.

answer

true

question

Measurements of the CMB and large-scale structure both give independent evidence for the existence of dark energy.

answer

TRUE

question

The _____________ ____________ was originally proposed in order keep the Universe static within the theory of general relativity.

answer

cosmological constant

question

According to the current best measurements, the density of dark energy has been constant over the age of the Universe.

answer

true

question

at early times in the history of the universe, the matter density dominate over that of radiation

answer

T

question

The creation of ______________ particles in the vacuum of space is one possible candidate for dark energy.

answer

virtual

question

The best evidence available to date indicates that the Universe will expand faster and faster until everything is blown apart in a big rip.

answer

F

question

a steeper slope on a hubble diagram means the expansion rate is lower

answer

F

question

virtual particles are just like real particles except tht

answer

their energy and lifetime are governed by the uncertainty princlpe and there can be many of them in seemingly empty space

question

the fact that type la supernovae are dimmer than predicted is strongest evidence for dark energy

answer

T

question

one of the possible explanation for dark energy is called, proposed that the universe is filled with a dearying and casuing the explanion to speed up

answer

quintessence

question

stars form when clouds of gas and dust contract due to the force of

answer

gravity

question

the space shuttle travels at 28000 km/hr. after 4 hrs, how far has it traveled

answer

112000km

question

if an object in blue shifted, it is moving away from you

answer

false

question

what is not s unit of measurement for time?

answer

light years

question

if a telecope is 10 times bigger in diameter it will gather

answer

100 times more light than a smaller telescope

question

dark energy has been shown to result fromt he so called vacuum energy, the result of the quantrum fluctration of particles in the vacuu

answer

F

question

if the fraction of dark energy is lwoer, supernovae will look

answer

brighter

question

in an accelerating universe, the scale factor

answer

grows at an ever increasing rate over time

question

A ________ is the general name for a particle made of two or three quarks.

answer

hadron

question

dark energy is just another term for dark matter, but they are the same thing

answer

F

question

Photons are one example of a:

answer

field boson

question

The amount of hydrogen, helium, and lithium present in the Universe can be explained by nuclear fusion that took place everywhere in the Universe when it was a few minutes old.

answer

TRUE

question

Baryon

answer

general name for a particle made of three quarks

question

Protons are one example of a:

answer

baryon

question

electron are one ex of

answer

lepton

question

photon are example of

answer

field boson

question

Inflation is an appealing theory because it explains (check all that apply):

answer

why the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales why the geometry of the Universe is flat

question

Protons were created during:

answer

Quark confinement

question

Inflation is another word for the Hubble expansion.

answer

FALSE

question

THE BIG BAND THEORY DESCRIBES HOW THE UNIVERSE CHANGES OVER TIME, BUT NOT WHAT STARTED IT

answer

TRUE

question

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ISOTOPES HAVE A MEASURED PRIMORIDL ABUNDANCE

answer

HELIUM-3, HYDROGEN,LITHIUM, DEUTERIUM, HELIUM-4

question

SPACE AND TIME WERE CREATED WHEN THE UNIVERSE BEGAN

answer

TRUE

question

pARTICLE RESPONSIBLE FOR INFLATION IS KNOWN AS

answer

INFLATION

question

space and time were created when the universe began

answer

tru

question

by mass, approx. what percent of the atoms in the universe are those heavier than hydrogen

answer

2%

question

by mass, aprox. what percent of the atoms in the universe are hydrogen?

answer

75%

question

isotropy

answer

there is no preferred direction in the universe

question

In the late 18th century, William and Caroline Herschel were the first to determine that Andromeda was a separate galaxy outside the Milky Way.

answer

false

question

In a ________ structure formation scenario, small structures formed first and stuck together to form bigger structures.

answer

bottom up

question

size or distance

answer

Size of a galaxy filament:200 million light-years Size of the local group:15 billion light-years Size of the disk of our Galaxy:100,000 light-years Distance to nearest star:4 light-years Distance to Andromeda galaxy:2.5 million light-years

question

Galaxies with active regions of star formation tend to be bluer in color.

answer

tru

question

The force that is primarily responsible for the growth of large-scale structure is:

answer

gravity

question

What is the temperature of the gas between galaxies in a galaxy cluster?

answer

30-100 million K

question

From recent galaxy surveys, we have learned that galaxies are distributed evenly around the Universe.

answer

F

question

With few exceptions, the farthest galaxies from Earth have the largest redshifts.

answer

tru

question

Reionization was caused by the first stars, not quasars.

answer

tru

question

Which of the following could be the mass of a galaxy cluster?

answer

10^14 solar masses

question

Irregular galaxies tend to be bluer than elliptical galaxies because

answer

the blue stars outshine the red and yellow stars

question

Elliptical galaxies are known for their prominent regions of active star formation.

answer

false

question

An ellipsoidal cloud of gas is collapsing due to gravity. Along which axis will the cloud of gas collapse first?

answer

the shortest axis

question

Approximately how many galaxies does our local group contain?

answer

40-50

question

What do we mean when we say the Universe is expanding?

answer

Galaxies are carried away from each other by the stretching of space.

question

As the Universe expands, it becomes hotter and more dense.

answer

false

question

The Universe began with a giant explosion, like a bomb.

answer

false

question

In the figure below, the galaxies obey the Hubble law. Rank the galaxies A, B, and C in terms of their speeds, from slowest to fastest, away from galaxy D.

answer

C<B<A

question

If the Hubble constant is 70 km/s/Mpc, the age of the Universe will be older than if the Hubble constant is 80 km/s/Mpc.

answer

true

question

In the figure below, the galaxies obey the Hubble law. Rank the galaxies E, F, and J in terms of their speeds away from galaxy N.

answer

E>F>J

question

In the figure below, the galaxies obey the Hubble law due to cosmic expansion. What can we say about these galaxies? Select all that apply.

answer

Their relative speeds are proportional to their distances from each other. The galaxies are moving away from each other.

question

the terms Universe and observable Universe basically mean the same thing.

answer

false

question

The spectrum of galaxy A and galaxy B both contain the H-alpha emission line, which is normally seen at 653nm. However, in galaxy A the line has an observed wavelength of 710nm, whereas in galaxy B the wavelength is 685nm. Which galaxy is farther away?

answer

galaxy A

question

Galaxy A has a redshift of 0.1. Since the time that light from Galaxy A was emitted, the Universe has stretched.

answer

true

question

In general, the farther away a galaxy is from us, the faster it is moving.

answer

true

question

As the scale factor increases, the physical distance between galaxies ________.

answer

increases

question

Galaxies that emit tremendous amounts of energy are called

answer

active

question

Star X is known to be 5 parsecs away from us and star Y is 10 parsecs away. Star __________ has a greater parallax angle.

answer

x

question

Using parallax from the ground to determine the distances to stars becomes impossible due to atmospheric disturbances at a distance of about:

answer

100 parsecs

question

Stars A and B are Cepheid variables with the same period. Star A is brighter than star B. The distance of star A is ________ than that of B.

answer

closer

question

If you wanted to calculate the total mass of a cluster of galaxies, you would want to measure:

answer

The velocity dispersion of the galaxies in the cluster

question

How is the mass of the Milky Way measured?

answer

By measuring the velocity of the Sun around center of the Galaxy, and using Newton's law of Gravity to calculate the Milky Way's mass

question

True or False? Galaxies are made up mostly of dark matter; the stars and gas that we observe only make up a small fraction of a galaxy's mass.

answer

true

question

If the mass of the Sun were evenly distributed out to the radius of Jupiter's orbit, the Earth's orbital velocity would be:

answer

slower than it is with the Sun's mass concentrated at the center of the Solar System

question

If the mass of the Sun were evenly distributed out to the radius of Jupiter's orbit, then Neptune's orbital velocity would be:

answer

the same

question

We know that dark matter must exist in galaxies. If not, many of the stars in a galaxy would:

answer

Fly away from the galaxy because the stars' velocities are so large, and the galaxy would not have enough gravity to hold onto them

question

True or False? There is a lot of dark matter between the galaxies in a galaxy cluster, as well as within the galaxies in a galaxy cluster.

answer

true

question

A rotation curve is a graph in which radius is plotted on the x axis, and ____________ is plotted on the y axis.

answer

velocity

question

True or False? The planets in the outer Solar System have bigger (faster) velocities as they orbit the Sun than the planets in the inner Solar System.

answer

false

question

Astronomers have now given the name ________ matter to the mass in galaxies and galaxy clusters that does not emit or absorb electromagnetic radiation.

answer

dark

question

The term __________ refers to massive compact objects, such as faint white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, and brown dwarfs, that make up some of the dark matter in the Galaxy.

answer

macho

question

Supernova A is farther away than supernova B. The brightness of supernova A will be ________ than that of supernova B.

answer

dimmer

question

1 parsec is approximately ________ light-years.

answer

3.3

question

In astronomy, when measuring the apparent shift in position of nearby stars against the distant background stars, the measurements are taken when the Earth is on opposite sides of the ________.

answer

sun

question

Stars A and B both have the same spectral class. Star A is 7 times farther away than star B. The brightness of star A will be ________ times dimmer than B.

answer

49

question

The apparent shift in position of an object relative to background objects is called:

answer

Parallax

question

Eratosthenes was the first to determine the size of the Earth by using geometry and the lengths of shadows

answer

true

question

Supernova C is 10 times farther away than supernova D. The brightness of supernova C will be ________ times dimmer than that of supernova D.

answer

100

question

If a constant force is applied to an object, then it will:

answer

Move with a constant acceleration

question

The Sun exerts a gravitational force on all the other stars in the Milky Way Galaxy.

answer

true

question

If the Sun were 5 times farther away from Earth, its gravitational force on the Earth would be:

answer

25 times smaller

question

The Sun exerts a larger gravitational force on the Earth than the Earth exerts on the Sun.

answer

false

question

a spherically shaped, tightly gravitational bound, group of thousands of mostly older stars is called

answer

a globular cluster

question

If a wave's amplitude increases then its frequency will

answer

not change

question

When an electron drops from a higher to a lower state, a/an ____________ spectrum is seen.

answer

emission

question

The method by which light is spread into different colors is called:

answer

Spectroscopy

question

From the lists below, choose the one that best ranks the following astronomical objects from smallest to largest:

answer

Earth, Solar System, Galaxy, Universe

question

The four terrestrial planets are:

answer

mercury, venus, earth, mars

question

Our best satellites orbit above the disk of the Milky Way

answer

false

question

Approximately how far is it to the nearest galaxies?

answer

millions of years

question

If no outside forces act on it, an electron that is in an excited energy state will

answer

Move to a lower-energy state

question

A spectrograph is an instrument that is used to

answer

Obtain a spectrum from a light source

question

The four fundamental forces are:

answer

electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and gravity

question

The eight major planets of our Solar System, in order of distance from the Sun (closest to

answer

mercury, venus, earth, mars, junpiter, saturn, uranus, nepture

question

an atom's mass number indiciates

answer

the number protrons and neutron it has

question

the number of stars in milky way is

answer

hundred of billion of stars

question

the farthest that human beings have themselves physically traveled is to the moon

answer

true

question

Our Local Group is a collection of

answer

galaxies

question

the milky way is what kind of galaxy

answer

spiral

question

An atom that has lost electrons is called a/an

answer

ion

question

The four gas giant planets are

answer

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

question

protons and neutrons are made up of

answer

quark

question

The height of a wave's crest is its

answer

amplitude

question

The temperature of a red star is ___________ than the temperature of a blue star.

answer

cooler

question

The dual nature of light means that it is both a wave and a/an _________.

answer

particle

question

Radio stations broadcast using

answer

light waves

question

True or false? Radio waves are a type of light.

answer

true

question

The lowest possible energy state for an electron is called:

answer

the ground state

question

True or false? The more energy a photon has, the faster it will travel.

answer

false

question

Absorption lines in a spectrum generally indicate that

answer

Light has been absorbed at specific wavelengths

question

what is photon

answer

A particle of light

question

The molecular make-up of a gaseous nebula in space can be determined through spectroscopy.

answer

true

question

If a wave's wavelength increases then its frequency will

answer

decrease

question

Between red, blue, yellow, and green light, which moves fastest in empty space?

answer

They move at the same speed

question

If the frequency of a photon increases, then its energy will _________.

answer

increase

question

astronomical objects smallest to largest

answer

pluto, earth, jupiter, sun, solar system, globular cluster, milky way

question

what color flame is the hottest?

answer

blue

question

the distance between two adjacent peaks (or troughs) of wave is known as its

answer

wavelength

question

the wavelength of an infrared photon is _____ than the wavelength of a yellow photon

answer

longer

question

emission lines in spectrum generally indicate that

answer

the source is only emitting light at specific wavelengths

question

the smaller the impact parameter

answer

the bigger the angle of deflection

question

if a gravitationally lensed image is far from the Einstein radius and the distortions are exceptionally small

answer

weak lensing

question

the greater the distance to the source, the greater the size of the einstein radius

answer

false

question

weak lensing

answer

seeing lensing effect statistically with many galaxies

question

strong lensing

answer

see pronounced distortion in images

question

microlensing

answer

see magnification only of source

question

cmb data can be used to measure the overall curvature

answer

f

question

What was the temperature of the universe at the red shift of 3

answer

10.9K

question

If the overall curvature of the universe is hyperbolic, typical spot sizes in a map of the cmb will appear

answer

Smaller than for a flat universe

question

Cmb is comi from all directions

answer

T

question

The temp of the universe was

answer

Hotter at a redshift of 3 compared to 2

question

If the overall curvature of the universe is spherical, the cmb power spectrum will peak at

answer

Smaller values of I than for a flat

question

How many times hotter was the temp of the universe of the universe at a redshift of 20 than it is today

answer

21

question

According to measurements of the cmb, the geometry test f the universe as a whole was

answer

Flat

question

About how much difference in magnitude is the temp of a red spot compared toa blue spot on a map of the cmb as observed by wmap

answer

1 part per ten thousand

question

At earlier times in the history of the Universe, the matter density dominated over that of dark energy.

answer

false

question

The discovery of the dark energy was a surprise because astrophysicists generally assumed that the expansion would be slowing down.

answer

true

question

Our solar system formed from an interstellar cloud of gas and dust.

answer

T

question

An exploding star is known as a/an

answer

supernova

question

Based on current observations, the age of the universe is about

answer

14 billion years

question

After approximately 1 minute after the beginning of the Universe, the temperature of the Universe cooled enough so that which of the following could take place:

answer

Nuclear Fusion

question

A star begins to die when the ________ pressure pushing inward overcomes the thermal pressure pushing outward.

answer

gravitational

question

The current leading scientific theory for the evolution of the Universe is called the ________.

answer

big bang theory

question

luminosity is measured in what type of units

answer

watts

question

Stars that are less massive will live ________ lifetimes compared to our Sun.

answer

longer

question

The more massive a star, the longer its lifetime.

answer

F

question

As gas and dust collapse under gravitational forces, it is not until _______ occurs that a star is formed.

answer

Nuclear fusion

question

The greater the luminosity of a star, the ________ its lifetime will be.

answer

shorter

question

Stable atoms are most likely to become radioactive.

answer

F

question

Relatively flat, round objects that occur when matter is being transferred onto an object, such as when stars are forming, are called ________.

answer

accretion disk

question

The greater the luminosity of a star, the ________ its lifetime will be.

answer

shorter

question

Before becoming a white dwarf, low mass stars will expel their outer layers of gas, creating a:

answer

planetary nebula

question

A neutron star is created after a massive star undergoes:

answer

a supernova

question

The heaviest element created by nuclear fusion inside a star is:

answer

iron

question

Using the H-R Diagram, the majority of stars are:

answer

main sequence stars

question

The Cosmic Microwave Background formed after about how many years after the beginning of the Universe?

answer

380,000 years

question

The amount of time it takes the Earth to complete one rotation about its axis is ________.

answer

24 hrs

question

Velocity is defined as:

answer

Speed in a particular direction

question

When you look at galaxy that is 1 million light-years away it means that:

answer

You are seeing the galaxy as it was 1 million years ago

question

If you travel at half of the speed of light to a star that is 4 light-years away, you will get there in 2 years.

answer

F

question

When you look at distant astronomical objects you are also looking far back in ________.

answer

time

question

The greater an object's Doppler shift, the ________ it is moving.

answer

faster

question

A light-year is a measurement of time.

answer

F

question

Acceleration is a change in velocity.

answer

t

question

If an object is red-shifted, it is moving ________ you.

answer

away

question

If an object is blue-shifted, it is moving away from you.

answer

F

question

If you measure the Doppler shift of an object, then you can calculate its velocity.

answer

t

question

Our Galaxy is about 100,000 light-years across. If you could travel at the speed of light, how much time would it take you to go across our Galaxy? ________

answer

100,000 years

question

Star X is known to be 5 parsecs away from us and star Y is 10 parsecs away. Star __________ has a greater parallax angle.

answer

X

question

Using parallax from the ground to determine the distances to stars becomes impossible due to atmospheric disturbances at a distance of about:

answer

100 parsecs

question

Supernova C is 10 times farther away than supernova D. The brightness of supernova C will be ________ times dimmer than that of supernova D. (Give a number.)

answer

100

question

The earliest known culture to measure the size of the Earth and Moon, as well as the distance between them, by using geometry are the:

answer

greeks

question

Stars A and B are Cepheid variables with the same period. Star A is brighter than star B. The distance of star A is ________ than that of B.

answer

closer

question

In astronomy, when measuring the apparent shift in position of nearby stars against the distant background stars, the measurements are taken when the Earth is on opposite sides of the ________.

answer

sun

question

Stars A and B both have the same spectral class. Star A is 7 times farther away than star B. The brightness of star A will be ________ times dimmer than B. (Give a number.)

answer

49

question

Eratosthenes was the first to determine the size of the Earth by using geometry and the lengths of shadows.

answer

T

question

An object's absolute or intrinsic brightness is known as its:

answer

luminosity

question

Supernova A is farther away than supernova B. The brightness of supernova A will be ________ than that of supernova B.

answer

dimmer

question

The Tully-Fisher method is best used on what type of objects?

answer

galaxies

question

Supernova C is 10 times farther away than supernova D. The brightness of supernova C will be ________ times dimmer than that of supernova D. (Give a number.)

answer

100

question

The inverse square law can be used to find the distance to an object if the object's flux and ________ are known.

answer

luminosity

question

True or False? The Sun exerts a gravitational force on all the other stars in the Milky Way Galaxy.

answer

t

question

True or False? The Sun exerts a larger gravitational force on the Earth than the Earth exerts on the Sun.

answer

f

question

According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, an object that is being pushed or pulled by a force has an acceleration that is ____________ proportional to its mass.

answer

inversely

question

the most general definition of the word evolution is

answer

change over time

question

if the mass of a black hole is 5 times bigger, its lifetime will be

answer

125 times bigger

question

a black hole with a mass of millions or billions of solar masses is known as

answer

supermassive

question

as the accretion rate of a black hole increases, its luminosity

answer

increases

question

True or False? Every point on a solid, spinning wheel is moving with the same velocity because each point goes around a circle in the same amount of time.

answer

false

question

True or False? Galaxies are made up mostly of dark matter; the stars and gas that we observe only make up a small fraction of a galaxy's mass.

answer

true

question

If the mass of the Sun were evenly distributed out to the radius of Jupiter's orbit, the Earth's orbital velocity would be:

answer

slower than it is with the Sun's mass concentrated at the center of the Solar System

question

True or False? Dark matter is mostly made up of the remnants of dead stars, like black holes, neutron stars, and faint white dwarfs.

answer

false

question

True or False? Every point on a solid, spinning wheel is moving with the same velocity because each point goes around a circle in the same amount of time.

answer

false

question

Moving clocks tick ________ than clocks at rest.

answer

slower

question

Energetic particles that move at extremely high speeds, close to the speed of light, and can be detected entering our atmosphere from space are called ________ ________.

answer

cosmic rays

question

Observers in reference frames with constant velocity find that the laws of the physics are:

answer

the same for all observers

question

Using E = mc2, one kilogram of feathers will produce less energy than one kilogram of bricks.

answer

false

question

The speed of light is:

answer

The same for all observers.

question

A particle moving at the speed of light makes what degree of an angle with the t and x axes in a spacetime diagram?

answer

45 degree

question

The amount of energy contained in the mass of a particle observed to be at rest is known as its:

answer

rest energy

question

________ are particles with half-lives of 2.2 microseconds. The fact that we see many more than expected reach the surface of the Earth means they are good evidence for special relativity.

answer

muons

question

The length of time it takes for one tick on a moving clock is always greater than the length of time it takes for one tick on a clock at rest. This effect is called:

answer

time dilation

question

If you observe two events that occur simultaneously then all other observers will see them occurring at the same time.

answer

false

question

According to the definition of curvature in this chapter, a cylinder is curved.

answer

false

question

If a white dwarf and a neutron star have the same mass, but the radius of a white dwarf is much larger than that of the neutron star, which will produce the greatest gravitational redshift?

answer

neutron star

question

Clocks in a stronger gravitational field will tick ___________ than clocks in a weaker gravitational field.

answer

slower

question

According to the definition of curvature in this chapter, a sphere is curved.

answer

true

question

If you have a clock in a satellite orbiting the Earth, how does its rate compare to that of an identical clock on the Earth's surface?

answer

it runs faster

question

if a white dwarf and a neutron star have the same mass, but the radius of a white dwarf is 700 times larger than that of the neutron star, what is the approximate ratio between their gravitational redshifts? Hint: Compare GM/Rc2.

answer

The gravitational redshift of the white dwarf is about 700 times smaller than that of the neutron star

question

If an object or frame is changing velocity, it is ______________.

answer

accelerating

question

A gamma ray is emitted from a source at the top of a 20 m tall tower and travels to a detector on the ground. How does the energy of the gamma ray change?

answer

It gains energy

question

A visible light photon is emitted from a source at the top of a 20 m tall tower and travels to a detector on the ground. How does the color of the photon change?

answer

it gets bluer

question

Using the definition of curvature in this chapter, which of the following geometric objects are curved?

answer

sphere

question

The Einstein equation says that spacetime curvature arises from the 4-dimensional distribution of ______________and _____________.

answer

mass energy

question

Black holes are shaped like funnels.

answer

f

question

If the mass of a black hole is 5 times bigger, its thermal luminosity will be:

answer

25 times smaller

question

black hole suck matter into themselves from far away, like cosmic vacuum cleaners

answer

f

question

the fact that black holes are not perfectly spherical, but are oblate spheroids like earth and sun, is a result from which physical property

answer

spin

question

As the mass of a black hole increases, the time for it to evaporate __________.

answer

increases

question

a black hole with a larger mass will have a

answer

smaller thermal luminosity

question

The more _____ a gravitational lens has, the stronger the lensing effect will be.

answer

mass

question

The smaller the mass, the ________ the angle of deflection.

answer

smaller

question

The smaller the distance to the source, the __________ the size of the Einstein radius.

answer

bigger

question

The greater the impact parameter, the __________ the angle of deflection.

answer

smaller

question

Match the type of gravitational lens with the type image it can create.

answer

Spherical:Einstein ring Elliptical:Einstein cross Clumpy:Many arcs

question

Match the type of lensing with one of its applications.

answer

Weak lensing:Determine mass distribution of a cluster of galaxies Strong lensing:Determine large scale distribution of matter in the Universe Microlensing:Determine amount of dark matter in the halo of our Galaxy

question

The more _____ a gravitational lens has, the stronger the lensing effect will be.

answer

mass

question

If the mass of a point-source gravitational lens is 25 times bigger, the size of the Einstein ring will be:

answer

5 times bigger

question

If the mass of a point-source gravitational lens is 25 times smaller, the size of the Einstein ring will be:

answer

5 times smaller

astr – Space – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards