assisting in the analysis of urine
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myoglobinuria
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it is an abnormal presence of a hemoglobin-like chemical of muscle tissue in urine as the result of muscle deterioration
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phenylalanine
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it is an essential amino acid found in milk, eggs, and other foods
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ischemia
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decreased blood flow to a body part or organ caused by constriction or plugging of the supplying artery
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enzymatic reaction
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chemical reaction controlled by an enzyme
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polymorphonuclear white blood cells
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white blood cells, leukocytes that have segmented nuclei
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Glycosuria
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presence of glucose in the urine
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mononuclear white blood cells
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white blood cells; leukocytes that have unsegmented nuclei
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reractile
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causing light to refract, creating a sharp boundary or image
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renal threshold
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level above which a substance cannot be reabsorbed by the renal tubules and therefore is excreted in the urine
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filtrate
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fluid that remains after a liquid is passed through a membrane filter
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urinometer
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a sealed glass float with a calibrated paper scale in its stem. with a slight spinning motion, it is placed in a cylinder containing a urine sample, and the value is read at the meniscus of the urine
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reagent strip
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strips used to test the specific gravity of urine
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refractometer
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device that measures the refraction of light through solids in a liquid
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clinitest
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glucose test on a reagent strip. a tablet is dropped into a test tube of urine, and the color of the tube's contents is compared with chart
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acetest
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reagent tablets used to test for fat metabolism by-products
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HCG
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Substance detected in a positive pregnancy test
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LH
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increases in the concentration of urine shortly before ovulation
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crystals
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shape of urates or phosphates that settle out of refrigerated urine samples
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Culture and sensitivity
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procedure performed in the microbiology lab in which a specimen is cultured on artificial media to detect bacterial or fungal growth, followed by appropriate screening for antibiotic sensitivity
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Bilirubinuria
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medical term for a urine sample with a persistent greenish yellow foam that may indicate the patient has viral hepatitis
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gold standard
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definitive diagnostic test to which all others are compared
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casts
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protein that has taken on the size and shape of the renal tubules that is washed into the urine
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cystoscopy
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a visual examination of the urinary bladder using a fiberoptic instrument
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colon-forming units
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a term used when reporting bacteruria; one unit represents one bacterium present in the urine sample
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metabolite
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the product of drug metabolism that excreted into the urine
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crenate
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notches or leaflike, scalloped edges that form on an object, such as the changes that occur on the surface of a red blood cell when it is exposed to a hypertonic saline solution
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supravite
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a substance that is capable of staining living cells after their removal from a living or recently dead organism
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what are the structures of the urinary system?
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A) Spleen B) renal artery C) renal vein D) left kidney E) inferior vena cava F) aorta G) common illiac vein H) common iliac artery I) urethra J) urinary bladder K) ureter L) right kidney M) tenth rib N) liver O) adrenal gland
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What is the structure of the kidneys?
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A) Renal artery B) Renal vein C) Renal pelvis D) Ureter E) Interlobular Artery F) Medulla G) Renal capsule H) Calyx I) Renal pyramid J) Arcute Artery
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list the six different methods of collecting a urine specimen?
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1) first morning void 2) clean catch 3) random sample 4) 2 hour postprandial urine specimen 5) catheter 6) 24 hour urine specimen
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what are the 5 components of the physical examination of urine?
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1) color 2) volume 3) foam 4) odor 5) clarity
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what are the 8 chemical components of urine?
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1) glucose 2) billirubin 3) ketones 4) specific gravity 5) blood 6) ph 7) protein 8) nitrates
