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closely linked elements in art

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time and motion

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traditional art media

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motionless and timeless

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unity

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imposition of order and harmony in a design

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variety

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visual diversity that brings many different ideas, medias and elemnts together in one composition

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balance

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distribution of elements, whether unified or varied within a work

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perceive scale

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in relation to our own size

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Art objects created on a monumental scale

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appear larger than they would be in normal life

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Art objects created on a human scale

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correspond to the size of things as they actually exist

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Small-scale objects

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appear smaller than our usual experience of them in the real world

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Usually, an artist ensures that

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all the parts of an object are in proportion to one another

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linear method

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still used by artists, comic-book writers, and designers who want to tell a story or express the passing of time

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Time-based arts, such as film, embody six basic attributes of time

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1.duration 2. tempo 3. intensity 4. scope 5. setting 6.chronology

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Motion

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occurs when an object changes location or position

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Motion

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is directly linked to time

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To communicate motion without actually making anything move, artists

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choose to imply time or, alternatively, create the illusion of time

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Implied Motion

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when we do not actually see the motion happening, but visual clues tell us that it is a key aspect of the work

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Stroboscopic Motion

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When we see two or more repeated images in quick succession, they tend visually to fuse together

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Actual Motion

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We perceive actual motion when something really changes over time

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Performance art

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is theatrical; the artist's intention is not to create an art object, but an experience that can exist only in one place and time in history

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Kinetic art

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plays out the passage of time through an art object, usually a sculpture, which moves

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A photograph

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freezes a moment in time

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Organic materials

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grow and degrade with the passage of time, so work by "bioartists" is always changing

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Unity

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Provides an artwork with its cohesiveness and helps communicate its visual idea

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three kinds of unity

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compositional, conceptual, and gestalt (the complete order and indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork's design)

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gestalt

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the complete order and indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork's design

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compositional unity

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organizing all the visual aspects of a work

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Too much similarity of shape, color, line, or any single element or principle of art

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can be monotonous and make us lose interest

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Too much variety

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lead to a lack of structure and the absence of a central idea

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Conceptual unity

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cohesive expression of ideas within a work of art

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Gestalt

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German word for form or shape

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Gestalt Unity

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Refers to something in which the whole seems greater than the sum of its parts

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get a sense of gestalt

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we comprehend how compositional unity and conceptual unity work together

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Variety

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a collection of ideas, elements, or materials that are fused together into one design

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Variety is about

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uniqueness and diversity

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Artists use a multiplicity of values, textures, colors, and so on

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to intensify the impact of a work

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Variety

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can invigorate a design

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Variety

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is the artist's way of giving a work of art a jolt

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Using Variety to Unify

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Even while using a variety of different shapes, colors, values, or other elements, an artist can create visual harmony

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Balance

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Just as real objects have physical weight, parts of a work of art can have visual weight, or impact

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If the amount of visual weight does not have a reasonable counterweight on the opposite side

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the work may appear to be unsuccessful or unfinished

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Symmetrical Balance

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If a work can be cut in half and each side looks exactly (or nearly exactly) the same

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Near-perfect symmetry

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exists in the human body

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Asymmetrical Balance

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When artists organize a composition they often use different visual "weights" on each side of it

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Asymmetrical Balance applies when

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the elements on the left and right sides are not the same, but the combination of elements counters each other

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Radial balance (or symmetry)

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is achieved when all elements in a work are equidistant from a central point and repeat in a symmetrical way from side to side and top to bottom

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Radial Balance

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Can imply circular and repeating elements

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Radial Balance

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Sometimes used in religious symbols and architecture where repetition plays an important role in the design

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small-scale work

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implies intimacy

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Large-scale works

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can be experienced by groups of viewers and usually communicate big ideas directed at a large audience

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Usually a monumental scale

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indicates heroism or other epic virtues

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War monuments

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often feature figures much larger than life-size in order to convey the bravery of the warriors

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Hierarchical scale

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refers to the deliberate use of relative size in a work of art, in order to communicate differences in importance

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Almost always, larger

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means more important, and smaller means less important

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Distorted Scale

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An artist may deliberately distort scale to create an abnormal or supernatural effect

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Proportion

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The relationships between the sizes of different parts of a work make up its proportions

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Carefully chosen proportion

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can make an art object seem pleasing to the eye

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The ancient Egyptians

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used the palm of the hand as a unit of measurement

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The ancient Greeks

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sought an ideal of beauty in the principle of proportion

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The models used by the Greeks for calculating human proportion

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were later adopted by artists of ancient Rome, and then by Renaissance artists

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The Golden Section

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is a proportional ratio of 1:1.618, which occurs in many natural objects

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Real human bodies do not have exactly these proportions, but when the ratio 1:1.618 is applied to making statues

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it gives naturalistic results

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The proportions of Ancient Greek sculptures

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are often very close to the Golden Section

ART: Time and Motion – Flashcards

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