question

Critical thinking skills (6)

answer

1. Interpretation 2. Analysis 3. Inference 4. Evaluation 5. Explanation 6. Self-regulation

question

Attitudes a nurse needs (11)

answer

1. Confidence 2. Perseverance 3. Discipline 4. Responsibility 5. Fairness 6. Independence 7. Humility 8. Integrity 9. Curiosity 10. Creativity 11. Risk Taking

question

Methods of developing critical thinking skills (2)

answer

1. Reflective journaling 2. Concept mapping

question

Five components of critical thinking (5)

answer

1. knowledge base 2. experience 3. nursing process competencies 4. attitudes 5. standards

question

Define critical thinking analysis (3)

answer

1. A reasoning process used to reflect on and analyze thoughts, actions, and knowledge 2. Requires a desire to grow intellectually 3. Requires the use of nursing process to make nursing care decisions

question

The nursing process (5)

answer

1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis 3. Planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation

question

Define infection

answer

the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease

question

Define disease

answer

entry and multiplication of organisms

question

Define communicable disease

answer

the infectious process transmitted from one person to another

question

The most important technique to use in preventing and controlling transmission of infection

answer

hand hygiene

question

Define symptomatic infection

answer

pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

question

Define asymptomatic illness

answer

clinical signs and symptoms are not present

question

List the chain of infection (6)

answer

1. Infectious agent or pathogen 2. Reservoir or source for pathogen growth 3. Portal of exit 4. Mode of transmission 5. Portal of entry 6. Susceptible host

question

Purpose of standard precautions

answer

prevent and control infection and its spread

question

When do standard precautions apply?

answer

Applies to contact with blood, body fluid, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes from all patients

question

Types of hand hygiene (3)

answer

1. Instant alcohol hand antiseptic 2. Soap and water 3. Surgical scrub

question

Define isolation

answer

the separation and restriction of movement of ill persons with conta-gious diseases

question

Isolation precautions (4)

answer

1. Airborne 2. Droplet 3. Contact 4. Protective Environment

question

List the risk factors for health care associated infections (HAIs) (4)

answer

1. Number of health care employees with direct contact with the patient 2. Types and numbers of invasive procedures 3. Therapy received 4. Length of hospitalization

question

List the types of HAIs and a brief description of each (3)

answer

1. Iatrogenic - from a procedure 2. Exogenous - from microorganism outside the individual 3. Endogenous - patient's flora becomes altered

question

List the patients who are at greater risk for HAIs (4)

answer

1. Multiple illnesses 2. Older adults 3. Poorly nourished 4. Lowered resistance to infection

question

Bath Guidelines (5)

answer

1. Provide privacy 2. Maintain safety 3. Maintain warmth 4. Promote independence 5. Anticipate needs

question

Define assessment

answer

1. collecting information from the patient and from secondary sources 2. interpreting and validating the information to form a complete database.

question

Assessment approaches (3)

answer

1. Use of a structured database format based on a practice standard 2. Problem-oriented approach 3. Moves from general to specific

question

Process of assessment (5)

answer

1. Collect data 2. Identify patterns and problems 3. Critically anticipate 4. Support for inferences 5. Probe and frame questions skillfully

question

Define nursing diagnosis

answer

Clinical judgment about the patient in response to an actual or potential health problem

question

Nursing diagnostic process (5)

answer

1. Assessment of patient's health status 2. Validate data with other sources 3. Interpret and analyze meaning of data 4. Identify patient's needs 5. Formulate nursing diagnosis

question

Sources of diagnostic error (4)

answer

1. Data clustering 2. Interpretation and analysis of data 3. Labeling the diagnosis 4. Documentation and informatics

question

Components of planning nursing care (3)

answer

1. Establish priorities 2. Set goal(s) and expected outcome(s) 3. Selection of intervention(s)

question

Effective goal writing when planning nursing care (5)

answer

(S.M.A.R.T.) 1. Specific 2. Measurable 3. Attainable 4. Realistic 5. Timely

question

Define nursing intervention (2)

answer

1. any treatment based on clinical judgment and knowledge that a nurse performs to enhance patient outcomes 2. includes direct or indirect care measures

question

Process of implementation (4)

answer

1. Reassessing the patient 2. Reviewing and revising existing nursing care plan 3. Organizing resources and care delivery 4. Anticipating and preventing complications

question

Criteria for a discontinued care plan (3)

answer

1. Goal has been met 2. Patient agrees 3. Document in patient file

question

Criteria for modifying a care plan

answer

1. Evaluation 2. Repeat entire nursing process sequence ensuring appropriate and relevant care

question

Rights of medication administration - first 5 in right order (7)

answer

1. Right patient 2. Right drug 3. Right dose 4. Right route 5. Right time 6. Right to refuse 7. Right documentation

question

How many times and where are the rights of medication administration checked?

answer

Three times 1. At the Pyxis 2. Outside patient room 3. Inside patient room

question

Define standing order

answer

written instructions or procedures carried out routinely for a specific patient population

question

Define PRN order

answer

administration of medication as needed

question

Define stat order

answer

administration of medication to be carried out immediately

question

Define now order

answer

administration of medication as soon as possible, but not immediately

question

Components of pharmacokinetics (4)

answer

1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion

question

Identify categories of medication errors (4)

answer

1. Violation of the Five Patient Rights 2. Past expiration date 3. Incorrect preparation of drug 4. Improper medication administration technique

question

Procedure when encountering medication errors (4)

answer

1. Check patient's condition immediately 2. Notify nurse manager or physician 3. Update medical record with description of error and remedial steps taken 4. Complete form for reporting errors

question

Define oral route

answer

medication administering by swallowing

question

Define enteral route

answer

medication administration through an enteral tube

question

Define sublingual route

answer

medication administration under the tongue

question

Define buccal route

answer

medication administration between tongue and cheek

question

Common medication routes by injection (4)

answer

1. SQ - subcutaneous 2. IM - intramuscular 3. ID - intradermal 4. IV - intravenous

question

In a therapeutic range, define peak level

answer

highest concentration of medication in blood plasma

question

In a therapeutic range, define trough level

answer

lowest concentration of medication in blood plasma

question

In a therapeutic range, define half life

answer

amount of time it takes for 50% of medication to be eliminated in blood plasma

question

Categories of adverse effects of medication (5)

answer

1. Iatrogenic disease (cause by medical examination or treatment) 2. Allergic reaction (patient allergy) 3. Toxic effect (concentration outside therapeutic level) 4. Idiosyncratic effect (uncommon response to a drug) 5. Drug interaction (presentation of a known side effect)

question

Relationship between needle gauge number and needle lumen size

answer

Inverse relationship (greater the gauge number, the smaller the lumen)

question

Sites for IM injections and needle length for an adult patient(3)

answer

1. Ventrogluteal: 1.5" 2. Vastus lateralis: 5/8" - 1" 3. Deltoid - 5/8" - 1.5"

question

Patient teaching for medication administration (4)

answer

1. Review technique 2. Instruct to take as prescribed 3. Instruct not to alter dosage 4. Instruct not to share

question

IM angle of insertion

answer

72°-90°

question

SQ angle of insertion

answer

45°-90°

question

ID angle of insertion

answer

5°-15°

question

List common categories of medications we need to recognize (12)

answer

1. ACE Inhibitors 2. Antibiotics 3. Anticoagulants 4. Beta 2 Agonists 5. Beta Blockers 6. Calcium Channel Blockers 7. Cardiac Glycosides 8. Corticosteroids 9. Diuretics 10. Insulins 11. NAIDS 12. Opoids

question

Describe a Stage I pressure ulcer

answer

intact skin with nonblanchable recess

question

Describe a Stage II pressure ulcer

answer

partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis or both

question

Describe a Stage III pressure ulcer

answer

full-thickness tissue loss with visible fat

question

Describe a Stage IV pressure ulcer

answer

full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon

question

List the risk factors for pressure ulcers

answer

1. Impaired sensory perception 2. Alterations in level of consciousness 3. Impaired mobility 4. Shear 5. Friction 6. Moisture

question

Describe aspects of primary intention (3)

answer

1. Closed wound 2. Sutures 3. Healed with minimal scarring

question

Describe aspects of secondary intention (3)

answer

1. Open wound 2. Greater risk for infection 3. Healed with scar tissue

question

List the types of wounds (4)

answer

1. Intentional/ Unintentional 2. Open/ Closed 3. Acute/ Chronic 4. Partial-thickness/ Full-thickness/ Complex

question

Stages of wound repair for a partial-thickness wound (3)

answer

1. Inflammatory response 2. Proliferation phase (epithelialization) 3. Reestablishment of epithelial layers

question

Stages of wound repair for a full-thickness wound (4)

answer

1. Hemostasis 2. Inflammatory response 2. Proliferation phase (epithelialization) 3. Remodeling

question

Describe wound drainage which is serous (3)

answer

1. clear 2. yellow 3. watery

question

Describe wound drainage which is purulent (3)

answer

1. thick 2. yellow, green, tan or brown 3. usually smells bad

question

Describe wound drainage which is serosanguineous (3)

answer

1. watery 2. pale and pink 3. mix of clear and red fluid

question

Describe wound drainage which is sanguineous (2)

answer

1. active bleeding 2. bright red

question

Purpose of dressings (6)

answer

1. Protect wound 2. Aid in hemostasis 3. Absorption of drainage 4. Support wound site 5. Cover from sight 6. Insulation of wound surface

question

Procedure during dressing change (4)

answer

1. Assessment of skin 2. Hand hygiene 3. Sterile gloves 4. Remove/ change dressing

question

Technique for cleaning wound site

answer

Clean from least contaminated area (wound site) to surrounding skin area.

question

Describe circadian rhythm (3)

answer

1. biological rhythm of sleep 2. frequently synchronized with other body functions 3. affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work

question

Physiology which regulates sleep (4)

answer

1. CNS 2. Hypothalamus 3. Reticular Activating System (RAS) 4. Bulbar Synchronizing Region (BSR)

question

The function of RAS

answer

regulates sleep-wake transitions

question

The function of BSR

answer

release of serotonin producing sleep

question

List the stages of the adult sleep cycle (3)

answer

1. NREM Stages 2, 3, 4, 3, 2 2. REM 3. Loops back to NREM Stage 2

question

List major sleep disorders (5)

answer

1. Insomnia 2. Sleep apnea 3. Narcolepsy 4. Sleep deprivation 5. Parasomnias

question

List physical illnesses which can cause sleep disturbances (5)

answer

1. Hypertension 2. Respiratory disorders 3. Nocturia 4. Pain 5. Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

question

Factors affecting sleep (8)

answer

1. Drugs and substances 2. Emotional stress 3. Environment 4. Exercise and fatigue 5. Food and calorie intake 6. Lifestyle 7. Physical illness 8. Unusual sleep patterns

question

Components of a sleep history (7)

answer

1. Behaviors of sleep deprivation 2. Illness 3. Sleep problems 4. Emotional and mental status 5. Current life events 6. Typical sleep pattern 7. Sleep hygiene

question

Nursing diagnoses regarding sleep (9)

answer

1. Acute Confusion 2. Anxiety 3. Compromised Family Coping 4. Fatigue 5. Ineffective Breathing Pattern 6. Ineffective Coping 7. Insomnia 8. Readiness for Enhanced Sleep 9. Sleep Deprivation

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