Art History 6C UCSB Midterm Terms – Flashcards
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Rococo
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-mythical subjects -sensuous -pastel colors -short, rapid brushstrokes -less didactic
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Neoclassicism
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-austere -moral values -didactic -crisp lines -hard edges -clarity -bold colors
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Romanticism
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-expressing an emotion -not a style -sublime -internal states and imagination -challenging established norms -emphasis on individual
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The Enlightenment
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-emphasis on the individual rather than the state -radical new synthesis of ideas about humanity, reason, nature and God -destiny can be shaped, changed -institutions can be reformed and perfected through knowledge diligence and work -individuals take on new meaning, with agency to pursue happiness, fulfillment -purpose of the state- to help individual do this
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Philosophes
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-those men engaging with reason -individualism -liberty -Voltare, Diderot, Rousseau
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The French Revolution
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-1789
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1st, 2nd, 3rd Estates
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1st- the clergy/church 2nd- nobility/aristocrats (land owners) 3rd- everyone else, but especially those who mad money, merchants, factory owners, commercial enterprises, the bourgeoisie, most responsible for French Revolution
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Louis XIV- the sun king
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-built versatile
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Louis XVI- the beheaded king
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-"fete galante" -scenes that imitate outside the forrest -jan 20 1793 death
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Bastille
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July 1789, if an aristocratic person or relative wrote a letter to the king said you were bad you would automatically go to jail, people just went to jail because the kind said so, it was a symbol of oppression so they tore it down
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Versailles
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bread shortage, then drought so bread prices went up, women got mad and stormed to Versailles to get the King to come back to Paris
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Royal Academy
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-Louis the XIV establishes in 1646 -in France -training for artists -aka control of artists -major exhibition every year which shows all the pictures
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Hierarchy of genres
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1. History Painting- most important kind of painting; includes paintings with religious, mythological, history, allegorical or literacy subjects- conveying a moral lesson about appropriate behaviors, rules, virtues 2. Portraits- have to know all parts of the body, be skilled 3. Genre Scenes- scenes of everyday life, neither ideal in style, nor elevated in subject-admired for their skill, ingenuity, and even humor, but never to be confused with history paintings 4. Landscapes- no bodies, not much skill 5. Animal Painting 6. Still Life
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genre
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scenes of everyday life, neither ideal in style, nor elevated in subject-admired for their skill, ingenuity, and even humor, but never to be confused with history paintings
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allegory
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a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one
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didactic
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intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive
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sublime
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of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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-as officier, then member of consul, then crowns himself emperor
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Realism
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-workers and peasants -rejects notion of "higher reality" in art -rejects the old traditions with its mythic and fantastic subject matter -Courbet- "find me an angel and I'll paint one" -focus on thing of one's own time, things one can see, experiences and sights of everyday life -usually depicts peasant life, life in the countryside -real effort to paint high tension between the process of making a painting and subject matter -Courbet- uses pallete knife to paint
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Second Empire
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-making Paris modern
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daguerreotype
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-process labor intensive -metal plate -father of photography -hard for people to stay still -most of the time looked stiff -unique -expensive, only for the wealthy
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carte-de-visite
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(stereograph) -posing a man in many different ways -sliding glass plate= negative then printed onto paper, -can produce multiples -business cards -sepia color
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Impressionism
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-interest in color and light- making light visible through color and brushstroke -emphasis on surface as well as subject matter -plein air painting- outdoor on site -focus on bourgeoisie life -primarily leisure activities -light, reflection on light -interest in odd spatial constructs -"motif" is slice of life rather than a posed scene -rapid bruchstrokes
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Petite Bourgeoisie
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-shop keepers, skilled artists, professional men and clergy
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Haute Bourgeoisie
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-wealthy bankers, merchants and industrialists
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Flaneur
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an idler or lounger
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Salon de Refuses
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An art exhibition held in 1863 for works that had been rejected from the official Paris Salon. Emperor Napoleon III ordered the special exhibition to answer protests over the number of rejected works
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Haussmannizafion
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-seeing and being seen -Franco-Prussian War -kinds of structures put up: -neighborhoods destroyed to make way for grand boulevards and the Opera House -whole variety of people living in a building (different social classes) -sounds great, except houses destroyed, hard to build barricades so it prevents revolution, people displaced
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Franco-Prussian War
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-1870-71 -Bismark provokes war with France in order to unite Prussia (which will become Germany); Napoleon III wages over war against Prussia to stop unification of Prussia, humiliating defeat for france
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The Commune
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-pitted the citizens of Paris against the government of France -seperation of church and state -right of employees to take over business if abandoned by owner, the owner receiving some compensation
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Communards
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were members and supporters of the short-lived 1871 Paris Commune formed in the wake of the Franco-Prussian War and France's defeat
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Contour Line
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In cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level
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trompe I'oeil
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"deceive the eye", uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions
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Pointillism/Divisionism
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a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image
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Post-Impressionism
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-vivid colors -thick paint -visible brushwork -distortion for expressive effect -rejected impressionism's spontaneous and naturalistic rendering of light and color -emphasis on symbolic content, formal order and structure -color as an emotional and aesthetic bearer of means
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Fauves
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a style of painting with vivid expressionistic and nonnaturalistic use of color, Matisse
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Salon
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1664-1881, official sponsored by government, after 1881 Bourgeoisie and others take over, calling it the "national salon"
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Salon des Indépendants
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The association began with the organization of massive exhibitions in Paris, choosing the device "No jury nor awards" (Sans jury ni récompense).
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Salon D'Automne
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Perceived as a reaction against the conservative policies of the official Paris Salon, this massive exhibition almost immediately became the showpiece of developments and innovations in 20th-century painting, drawing, sculpture, engraving, architecture and decorative arts.
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Analytic Cubism
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the systematic study of formal elements of paintings
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Synthetic Cubism
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uses diverse materials from art and the everyday world to produce images
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collage
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a piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric onto a backing.
