Art Appreciation Exam #3 – Printmaking – Flashcards
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Introduction
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* First used in China on fabrics
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Edition
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The production of multiple prints from a master copy. Numbers are assigned in the production sequence. [Rudy Ducks By: John A Ruthvan]
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Three printing processes
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1. Relief 2. Intaglio 3. Planography
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Relief Prints
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carving away from a block of suitably workable material. The leftover raised surface is inked. [Emil Nolde, Prophet]
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Woodblock
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Prints made using wooden blocks are known as woodcuts. [Albrecht Durer, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]
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Intaglio (Cut into)
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any processes where the inked image is lower than the surface of a printing plate
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Burin
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Tool used to cut into the plate in an Intaglio print.
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Planography
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the inked image and the non-inked areas are the same height.
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Impression
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individual print or pull, from a printing press
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Context of Printmaking
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* First reproduced by the Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures. * Earliest printed artworks on paper were created in China
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Engraving (Intaglio printing)
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careful and clean scoring of a metal plate. Clean gouges are created on the surface. Also allows the artist to achieve fine detail. [Albrecht Durer, Adam and Eve]
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Advantages of using a metal plate vs. a woodblock
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Metal plates last longer.
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Dry Point (Intaglio printing)
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cutting tool is pulled, leaving a rough edge or burr. [Max Beckmann, Adam and Eve]
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Etching (Intaglio printing)
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a process in which a metal plate is scratched to achieve the design. Plate is immersed in a bath of acid to hold the ink afterwards. [Rebrant van Rijin, Adam and Eve]
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Aquatint (Intaglio printing)
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the use of an acid bath to etch the surface of a plate. Powdered rosin is then melted on the surface, leaving a soft organic texture. [Francisco Goya, Giant]
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Mezzotint
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entire surface is roughened with a spiked rocking tool. Roughen surface is then smoothed in areas where light tones are wanted. Ink is removed from smooth areas. [Dox Thrash, Defense Worker]
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Planographic Printmaking
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prints made from a flat surface. Does not involved cutting. Treats parts of the surface by other means; ink adheres to selected areas.
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Lithography (Greek for stone writing)
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Traditionally done in stone. Using a grease pencil to block pores. Ink is suspended on the surface ready to print. [Honore Daumier, Rue Transnonian]
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Silkscreen Printing
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Most versatile process. Only one that doesn't produce a mirrored image of the master. Using a squeegee to push ink to selectively permeable material. [Andy Warhol, Double Elvis]
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Monotypes and Monoprints
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print techniques where the artist means to produce a unique image.
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Monotype
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image prints from a polished plate. Only one impression is possible. (Glass / metal)
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Monoprints
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can be made using any print process.
