Art Appreciation 6-10 – Flashcards
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What culture invented paper?
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China
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Which drawing medium is the "ancestor to the graphite pencil"? When was it popular?
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Metalpoint- popular during Renaissance
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What is the term for the coloring agent in drawing media?
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pigment
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What is the most common of all drawing media?
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pencil
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What is the specific object that makes the marks when the artist is doing metalpoint drawing?
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thin metal wire
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How does the use of different binders affect crayon and pastel drawing media?
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crayon binder is greasy and waxy, but the binder for pastels is wax and oils which is better for blending
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What is the specific style of drawing and painting used by Georges Seurat?
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chromoluminarism and pointillism
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Many liquid media are considered to be painting media. Which liquid medium is considered a drawing medium?
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pen
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What topics of exploration did Leonardo da Vinci explore in his sketchbooks?
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architecture, transportation vehicles
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Besides paper, on what other materials have artists been known to draw?
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pottery
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What drawing medium did the author discuss Rembrandt using?
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brush and ink
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Traditionally, how did artists prepare the drawing surface for metalpoint?
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drawing surface was covered with ground (a coating of paint)
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The Italian Artist, Leonardo da Vinci, was appointed as the official painter for whom?
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King of France, Louis XII
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All paper was handmade until what century?
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19th century
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What material does "collage" imply an artist is using?
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no specific materials
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From what do we derive the word "paper"?
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papyrus
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What medium is Diego Rivera famous for using?
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fresco paintings
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What gives color to paint?
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powdered pigment
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What is a nonaqueous medium?
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dissolves in something other than water
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What is the painting medium that involves the use of wax? What cultures used it?
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encaustic- Greek and Roman
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What is the difference between buon fresco and fresco secco?
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fresco secco is dry plaster, and buon fresco is "true" wet plaster
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What is applied to a canvas, or wood panel, to prepare it as a painting surface?
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a ground such as gesso
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In fresco painting what is a "cartoon"?
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full-size drawing of the entire project
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What is watercolor's primary characteristic?
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transparency
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In oil painting, linseed oil acts as what?
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pigment binder
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In oil painting, thin veils of translucent color applied over a layer of opaque paint are called what?
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glazes
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What are the characteristics of oil painting?
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dries slowly at room temp., can be pointed wet on wet, can be applied in different consistencies
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How is gouache different than transparent watercolor?
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Gouache has white pigment added
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What synthetic paint challenged oils as the principal painting medium? When did this happen?
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acrylic- 20th century
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Pope Julius II employed which two Italian Renaissance artists to paint frescoes for him?
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Michelangelo and Raphael
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What is a nonaqueous paint?
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dissolves in something other than water
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Traditional Chinese artists used what is arguably the oldest painting medium in continuous use. What is that medium?
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ink sticks
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What is the term for a mixture of white pigment and glue? What is it called? Where is it used?
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gesso- used to seal wood
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Can an artist do a painting without using paint? If so, how?
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yes- yarn, collages
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In what fundamental way is a monotype different than the other processes discussed in this chapter
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only one print can be made
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In printmaking, what is an "impression"?
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the printed image you create
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Who invented lithography and why?
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Alois Senefelder- he was trying to find a cheap way to print music
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What are the four basic traditional printmaking processes?
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relief, intaglio, lithography, screenprinting
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What is the earliest surviving woodcut image? What culture created it and why?
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China- Buddha preaching appears at the beginning of the worlds earliest known printed book
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What type of image is produced by a raised surface?
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relief
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Printing impressions on top of one another from separate blocks in order to achieve full-color woodcut prints requires careful alignment of the paper, known as: what?
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registration
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How do prints differ from most other forms of art?
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you can make multiples
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What is the main difference between an intaglio print and a relief print, with regard to how the ink is applied?
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in relief, the ink is applied to the raised area,but in intaglio the ink is applied to all and then removed from the raised surface
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What are the various methods of intaglio printing?
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engraving, dry point, mezzotint, etching, aquatint, photogravure
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Which process employs the use of resin melted onto a plate?
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aquatint
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What is a mezzotint and what are the characteristics of the images produced this way?
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artist works from dark to light
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In printmaking, a plate or block will be canceled. How is this typically accomplished and why?
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they scribble over their work so it can't be printed on again
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What does "Serigraphy" mean?
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aka "screen printing"- is a method of creating an image by pressing ink through a screen with areas blocked off by a stencil.
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The traditional use of a matrix in the printing process is changing, due to the use of what?
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inkjet printers
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What is a planographic process? Which printmaking process uses it?
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printing from a flat surface- lithography
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Which basic printing process is a wood engraving?
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relief
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What process was originally used to print photographs and photographic reproductions of paintings?
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photogravure
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What major themes did Kathe Kollwitz explore?
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the artist, the ties between mothers and children, the hardships of the working class, cruelties of war, and death
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What is it called when there is supervision by one individual or group over the artistic expression of another individual or group?
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censorship
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What had Eadweard Muybridge set out to discover with his Horse Galloping photograph? What two types of photography are descendants of his photographic innovations?
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if the horse's feet came off the ground- stop-motion photography and continuous-motion photography
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What is "camera obscura"? Images produced with camera obscura became more focused with the invention of what? In what century did this occur?
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"dark room". became focused with the invention of a sense in the 16th century
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Identify the photojournalist who documented the Great Depression. What organization supported her photography?
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Dorothea Lange- FSA
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What is the content (not the subject) of Andy Warhol's film Empire?
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empire building as time passes by
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What is a daguerreotype? Who invented it? When?
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photographic process- Louis-Jaques-Mande Daugerre- 1839
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Identify the artist who used "found" photographs to "portray the overwhelming experience of a modern city". What word shows up over and over in the example of her work in the text? What meaning does that word convey?
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Hannah Hoch- disgust in WWI
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The Farm Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture employed this photographer. Why
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Dorthea Lange
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What type of photography did Alfred Steiglitz champion?
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photography should be true to its own nature, not imitating a painting
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What was the Dada movement?
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anti-war art
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Who invented the first workable film projector?
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The Lumière brothers
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What was the daguerreotype a "blind alley" for photography?
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it couldn't make multiple images
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Julia Margaret Cameron is known for what photographic subject?
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portraits
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What camera was invented in 1888 that changed photography? Who invented it?
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kodak camera
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What is an "auteur"?
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a filmmaker whose personal influence and artistic control over a movie are so great that the filmmaker is regarded as the author of the movie.
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For what type of art is Nam Jun Paik best known?
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video art
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Identify the 19th-century artists, Henri who created the first color lithographic posters. What was he advertising?
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Moulin Rouge
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What technology first made it possible to devise a notice that could be reproduced in large numbers and distributed widely?
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printing press
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Does the meaning of symbols change over time? Does a symbol itself have meaning, or is the meaning dependent on what it symbolizes? Does culture influence the meaning of symbols?
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yes it changes, they have no meaning themselves, cultures give meaning to symbols
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Graphic design has its roots in what two developments?
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printing press and the industrial revolution
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Identify the graphic design team that developed the symbols used today to communicate information across language barriers.
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Cook and Shanosky
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What graphic design element is a key to creating a complete corporate identity?
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logo
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What is the term for the designer's blueprint for books, magazines, and other works in print?
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layout
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What invention, in the 19th century, introduced the widespread use of color in posters.
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color lithography
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What is one of the most effective and easiest ways for a company to change its image?
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change its logo
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Who was the 15th Century artist who created a unified alphabet for moveable type?
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Albrecht Dürer
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Identify the American graphic designer who created some of the most memorable logos for IBM, UPS, and ABC.
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Paul Rand
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What was the purpose of W. Bradford Paley's TextArc program?
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displays all of the text on screen, allowing users to explore relationships between its words.
