APUSH vocab chapter 10 – Flashcards

A term used used to emphasize the similarities or distinctions between a member of a social, political or cultural elite, and the average citizen.

The extension of the right to vote to all males regardless of social standing or race, whose movement had begun in the early-mid 1800's

Beginning in 1796, caucuses of the parties' congressional delegations met informally to nominate their presidential and vice presidential candidates, leaving the general public with no direct input. This early nomination system evoked widespread resentment. By 1824 it had fallen into such disrepute that only one-fourth of the Democratic-Republican congressional delegation took part in the caucus that nominated Secretary of the Treasury William Crawford instead of more popular figures such as John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson.

Jackson, wider franchise expanding areas of public political activity, consolidation party loyalty, development and openly allied with parties all connected with it.

Refers to an informal practice by which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of merit independent of political activity

U.S. Senator from Massachusetts and was Secretary of State under President Monroe. In the presidential election of 1824, no one candidate received a majority of electoral votes and the election was decided in his favor by Congress.

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

a protective tariff passed by the U.S. Congress that came to be known as the "Tariff of Abominations" to its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Antebellum Southern economy; it was the highest tariff in U.S. peacetime and its goal was to protect industry in the northern United States from competing European goods by increasing the prices of European products.

Beginning in 1829, Jackson invoked this wholesale practice as his guiding principle, saying plainly that "no one man has any more intrinsic right to office than another."

Social scandal; John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake before her husband died in 1828; cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton; Jackson sided with Eatons; affair helped dissolve cabinet.

Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West.

Refers to the forced relocation in 1838 of the Cherokee Native American tribe to the Western United States, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 4,000 Cherokees. Resulted from the enforcement of the Treaty of New Echota, an agreement signed under the provisions of the Indian Removal Act.

All rights not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution nor denied by it to the states.

A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.

January 19-27, 1830: famous debate between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Hayne of South Carolina regarding protectionist tariffs.

the "cast-iron man" - a farmer from South Carolina who became the 7th Vice President under John Quincy Adams and then Andrew Jackson. Spoke out for states rights and slavery. Wrote legislation which made South Carolina the 1st state to adopt white manhood suffrage.

President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.

Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States during the early years of his presidency. In 1832 Andrew Jackson vetoed the renewal of the Second Bank of the United State's charter because he viewed the Second Bank of the United States as a monopoly: it was a private institution managed by a board of directors.

A political pattern in which two major political parties dominate the voting in nearly all the elections.

conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster

(1777-1864) United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; remembered for his ruling that slaves and their descendants have no rights as citizens.

State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank.

issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.

First Depression in American history; Banks lost money, people lost faith in banks, and country lost faith in President Martin van Buren; lasted four years; due to large state debts, expansion of credit by numerous, unfavorable balance of crop failures, and frenzy that was caused by the avalanche of land speculation.

a Democratic-Republican Senator from New York, rallied the factory workers of the North in support of Jackson. He became Jackson's V.P. after Calhoun resigned. Also became the leader of the Albany Regency, a clique of wealthy landowners who controlled New York politics.

Presidential contest between Martin Van Buren, Democratic incumbent, and General William Henry Harrison, Whig; large meetings and its endless hurrahs; Whigs were confident of victory.