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Return to Normalcy

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After World War I 1919-20s, when Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolatoinism. The US economy "boomed" but Europe continued to struggle. It was the calm before the bigger storm hit: World War II

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Charles Lindbergh

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United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)

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Spirit of St. Louis

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a custom airplane used by Charles Lindbergh to make the first solo, non-stop trans-Atlantic flight

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F. Scott Fitzgerald

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writer of "This Side of Paradise" and "The Great Gatsby" who coined the term "Jazz Age"

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The Great Gatsby

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A novel depicting the picturesque idea of the self made American man and entrepreneur who rose from obscurity. was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

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Sinclair Lewis

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American novelist who satirized middle-class America in his 22 works, including Babbitt (1922) and Elmer Gantry (1927). He was the first American to receive (1930) a Nobel Prize for literature.

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Ernest Hemingway

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Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms

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A Farewell to Arms

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a novel written by Ernest Hemingway about a young man's growing disgust with war

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Josephine Baker

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epitome of the idea of exoticism, dancer who was famous for her "banana skirt," from Paris, active in Civil Rights movement and as a result is black-balled across the U.S., originally appeared in "Chocolate Dandies" on Broadway

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Harlem Renaissance

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black artistic movement in New York City in the 1920s, when writers, poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow; leading figures of the movement included Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes.

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Langston Hughes

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African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.

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Claude McKay

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A poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919.

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Zora Neale Hurston

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African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance

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Cotton Club

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a speak easy where blacks played but could not be apart of the audience. One of the most famous Harlem nightspots.

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Jazz Age

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a term coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald for the postwar era because the young people were willing to experiment with new forms of recreation and sexuality. The music blended African and European traditions to form a new kind of music

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Jelly Roll Morton

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United States jazz musician who moved from ragtime to New Orleans jazz (1885-1941)

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Duke Ellington

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Born in Chicago middle class. Moved to Harlem in 1923 and began playing at the Cotton Club. Composer, pianist and band leader. Most influential figures in jazz.

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Louis Armstrong

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Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.

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George Gershwin

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United States composer who incorporated jazz into classical forms and composed scores for musical comedies (1898-1937)

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Volstead Act

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The Act specified that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors

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Speakeasy

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Illegal bar that served liquor during Prohibition

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Immigration Act of 1924

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Also known as the Johnson-Reed Act. Federal law limiting the number of immigrants that could be admitted from any country to 2% of the amount of people from that country who were already living in the U.S. as of the census of 1890.

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National Origins Act

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Act which restricted immigration from any one nation to two percent of the number of people already in the U.S. of that national origin in 1890. Severely restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, and excluded Asians entirely

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Babe Ruth

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He was a famous baseball player who played for the Yankees. He helped developed a rising popularity for professional sports.

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Georgia O' Keefe

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an artist known for urban scenes and later paintings of the Southwest

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Scopes Monkey Trial

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1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism

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Clarence Darrow

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Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in schools.

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Al Smith

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Governor of New York four times, and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. He was the first Roman Catholic and Irish-American to run for President as a major party nominee. He lost the election to Herbert Hoover.

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Teapot Dome Scandal

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symbol of government corruption; government oil reserves were secretly leased to oil companies in exchange for financial compensation

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The business of America is business

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A statement made by president Calvin Coolidge which showed his overconfidence in the American economy before the Depression

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Andrew Mellon

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the Secretary of the Treasury during the Harding Administration. He felt it was best to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in factories that provided prosperous payrolls. He believed in trickle down economics. (Hamiltonian economics)

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On-margin buying

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a way of buying stocks investors only paid 10% of stock price - hoping prices went up when stock is higher they would sell it

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Adkins v. Children's Hospital

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1923 - The hospital fired employees because it didn't want to pay them what was reqired by the minimum wage law for women and children.

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First Hundred Days

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This term refers to March 4 to June 16, 1933. During this period of dramatic legislative productivity, FDR laid out the programs that constituted the New Deal. Today, presidents are often measured by their actions in the same period of time

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U.S. v. Butler

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The Supreme Court ruled that the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was unconstitutional for the financing method behind its subsidy program. It had paid farmers to not plant crops.

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Mary McLeod Bethune

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Mary McLeod Bethune was a leader in the struggle for women's and black equality. She founded a school for black students that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University. She also served as an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt

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Eleanor Roosevelt

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FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women

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John L. Lewis

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He was a miner known for creating the United Mine Workers. He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act.

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Francis Perkins

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Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member in U.S. history.

APUSH Unit 9: Roaring 20’s and Depressing 30’s – Flashcards

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